Mapping philanthropic support of science.

While philanthropic support for science has increased in the past decade, there is limited quantitative knowledge about the patterns that characterize it and the mechanisms that drive its distribution. Here, we map philanthropic funding to universities and research institutions based on IRS tax forms from 685,397 non-profit organizations. We identify nearly one million grants supporting institutions involved in science and higher education, finding that in volume and scope, philanthropy is a significant source of funds, reaching an amount that rivals some of the key federal agencies like the NSF and NIH. Our analysis also reveals that philanthropic funders tend to focus locally, indicating that criteria beyond research excellence play an important role in funding decisions, and that funding relationships are stable, i.e. once a grant-giving relationship begins, it tends to continue in time. Finally, we show that the bipartite funder-recipient network displays a highly overrepresented motif indicating that funders who share one recipient also share other recipients and we show that this motif contains predictive power for future funding relationships. We discuss the policy implications of our findings on inequality in science, scientific progress, and the role of quantitative approaches to philanthropy.

Evaluation of the coordinated development between Chinese cultural industry and scientific & technological innovation.

Based on the coupling and interaction relationship between China's cultural industry (CI) and scientific & technological innovation (STI), this study constructed an index system for their coordinated development. The weight of each indicator was determined by using the entropy value method (EVM), and the coupling coordination degree (CCD) model was used to calculate CCD and coordination degree of China's CI and STI from 2012 to 2020. On this basis, the key factors in the coupling effect were analyzed using grey correlation degree (GCD). The results demonstrate that: (1) there is a high-level coupling relationship between China's CI and technological innovation; (2) the level of coupling coordination between the two is generally on the rise, experiencing a development process from serious maladjustment to high coordination; (3) Industry resources, policy support and the cost of cultural undertakings are the endogenous factors restricting the development of CI, and the environment and output of STI are the key factors restricting the coupling and coordinated development of Chinese CI and STI.

Research sites get closer to field camps over time: Informing environmental management through a geospatial analysis of science in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica.

As in many parts of the world, the management of environmental science research in Antarctica relies on cost-benefit analysis of negative environmental impact versus positive scientific gain. Several studies have examined the environmental impact of Antarctic field camps, but very little work looks at how the placement of these camps influences scientific research. In this study, we integrate bibliometrics, geospatial analysis, and historical research to understand the relationship between field camp placement and scientific production in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of East Antarctica. Our analysis of the scientific corpus from 1907-2016 shows that, on average, research sites have become less dispersed and closer to field camps over time. Scientific output does not necessarily correspond to the number of field camps, and constructing a field camp does not always lead to a subsequent increase in research in the local area. Our results underscore the need to consider the complex historical and spatial relationships between field camps and research sites in environmental management decision-making in Antarctica and other protected areas.