Identification with all humanity-A test of the factorial structure and measurement invariance of the scale in five countries.

Identification with all humanity measured as an individual characteristic is an important factor related to social and international relations, such as concern for global issues and human rights, prosocial attitudes, intergroup forgiveness, attitudes toward immigrants, solving global problems, reactions to hate crimes and dehumanisation. We examine the factorial structure, psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Identification with All Humanity (IWAH) scale in student samples from five countries (the United States, Poland, France, Mexico and Chile; N = 1930). Separate confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) for each country showed a second-order model of one superordinate factor with two subfactors. The cross-country validation of the scale, based on multigroup CFA, confirmed configural and metric invariance between countries for raw scores, and full metric invariance for "pure" scores. This study showed that the IWAH scale can be successfully used for cross-country research and the results from different countries can be compared and integrated.

"Storytelling as a vehicle of healing": Johanna Shapiro, PhD, professor, psychologist, poet, medical humanities scholar.

This commentary reflects the professional life story of a respected editor, poet, and champion of medical humanities, Johanna Shapiro. A psychologist by training, Johanna's work in medical humanities is well known and respected by health professionals in multiple venues. It is within family medicine that Johanna found her professional home. Her work has focused on the value of storytelling as a vehicle of healing, helping health professionals at all levels of training better understand their patients' experiences of illness and healing. The understanding helps patients more deeply connect to their illness and wellness. This commentary offers a tribute to Johanna's professional life and her contributions to family and narrative medicine. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

The case for an inclusive scholarly communication infrastructure for social sciences and humanities.

This article presents a vision for a scholarly communication research infrastructure for social sciences and humanities (SSH). The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the pressing need to access research outputs without the traditional economic and temporal barriers. This article explores the current scholarly communication landscape, assessing the reasons for the slower uptake of open access in SSH research. The authors discuss such frontiers as commercial interests, sources of academic prestige and discipline-specific genres. This article defines and discusses the key areas in which a research infrastructure can play a vital role in making open scholarly communication a reality in SSH: (1) providing a federated and easy access to scattered SSH outputs; (2) supporting publication and dissemination of discipline-specific genres (e.g. monographs, critical editions); (3) providing help with evaluation and quality assurance practices in SSH; (4) enabling  scholarly work in national languages, which is significant for local communities; (5) being governed by researchers and for researchers as a crucial factor for productive, useful and accessible services; (6) lastly, considering the needs of other stakeholders involved in scholarly communication, such as publishers, libraries, media, non-profit organisations, and companies. They conclude that a scholarly-driven, inclusive, dedicated infrastructure for the European Research Area is needed in order to advance open science in SSH and to address the issues tackled by SSH researchers at a structural and systemic level.

Conversations with Buer.

The communicative practice of pathography, or illness narratives, is emerging within the field of medical humanities. Pathography is a modality through which one may express their embodied experience of illness and their relations with the health care system. Offering voice and agency to the patient, pathography also holds potential as an empathy training tool for medical staff. Research is illuminating the ways in which illness narratives can act as a bridge between the lived experiences of the ill and the institutional treatment practices of the health care system. "Conversations With Buer" is an example of a personal illness narrative depicting the interaction between mental illness, gendered subjectivity, and health care services. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Why include the humanities in medical studies?

The relation between philosophy and biomedicine has been reassessed and rethought in the last few years: on the one hand, philosophy of science has paid increasing attention to actual modes of biomedical research and clinical practice; on the other, classes in philosophy, and more generally, in the humanities, have started entering medical curricula. However, the role of philosophy in medical education is not yet unanimously recognized, with situations differing significantly in various national and international contexts. In line with the tradition in Italy and other countries of reflecting on clinical methodology and with the recent initiatives at the crossroads between medicine and philosophy, this contribution aims to argue for the mutual relevance of medicine and philosophy in educational processes, and to suggest some possible forms of implementation of their interactions.

Matter beginning to matter: On posthumanist understandings of the vital emergence of health.

In recent years much health research across the social sciences and humanities has undergone a noticeable, albeit by no means cohesive or comprehensive, 'turn' towards a posthumanist theoretical orientation. This paper reviews the radical ideas about health's emergence that have accompanied this turn, noting the core processes that are understood to always be in play. In particular, while acknowledging that not all humanistic ideas have been rejected in this work, it describes how some have been reworked and extended in 'other-than-fully conscious' and 'more-than-human' terms. The paper assesses and synthesizes this diverse literature, emphasising the novel understandings of corporeality, materiality, assemblage, relationality, vitality and affect that have become distinctive features of it.

The Return to Literature-Making Doctors Matter in the New Era of Medicine.

The rapid explosion of medical knowledge of the 19th and 20th centuries required a transformation in medical education, which, to that point, had been marked by low educational standards. To combat the lack of regulation, the 1910 Flexner Report recommended sweeping reforms. By 1930, students hoping to enroll in a medical school would need to complete courses in chemistry, physics, and biology, leaving little room for the liberal arts.Medicine is once again changing. The impact of artificial intelligence is being felt across all medical fields, and the nature of physicians' jobs in the new landscape of intelligent machines will inevitably also have to change. What will the role of new physicians be? And how should medical education be amended to meet those needs?In 2017, the Georgetown University School of Medicine graduated the first group of students from its Literature and Medicine Track-the first U.S. medical school track dedicated to the study of literature. This Invited Commentary explores the work done in, and the scholarship resulting from, this novel educational program and suggests ways in which literature could be used to prepare future doctors for the evolving demands of the medical field.

Quantifying the development of user-generated art during 2001-2010.

One of the main questions in the humanities is how cultures and artistic expressions change over time. While a number of researchers have used quantitative computational methods to study historical changes in literature, music, and cinema, our paper offers the first quantitative analysis of historical changes in visual art created by users of a social online network. We propose a number of computational methods for the analysis of temporal development of art images. We then apply these methods to a sample of 270,000 artworks created between 2001 and 2010 by users of the largest social network for art-DeviantArt (www.deviantart.com). We investigate changes in subjects, techniques, sizes, proportions and also selected visual characteristics of images. Because these artworks are classified by their creators into two general categories-Traditional Art and Digital Art-we are also able to investigate if the use of digital tools has had a significant effect on the content and form of artworks. Our analysis reveals a number of gradual and systematic changes over a ten-year period in artworks belonging to both categories.

[Medical Humanities--the Historical Significance and Mission in Medical Education].

In this paper we consider the significance and mission of medical humanities in medical education from the following six viewpoints: (1) misunderstanding of the medical humanities; (2) its historical development; (3) the criteria for the ideal physician; (4) the contents of current Medical Humanities education; (5) the basic philosophy; and (6) its relation to medical professionalism. Medical humanities consists of the three academic components of bioethics, clinical ethics and medical anthropology, and it is a philosophy and an art which penetrate to the fundamental essence of medicine. The purpose of medical humanities is to develop one's own humanity and spirituality through medical practice and contemplation by empathizing with patients' illness narratives through spiritual self-awakening and by understanding the mutual healing powers of human relations by way of the realization of primordial life. The basic philosophy is "the coincidence of contraries". The ultimate mission of medical humanities is to cultivate physicians to educate themselves and have a life-long philosophy of devotion to understanding, through experience, the coincidence of contraries.

Can the science of communication inform the art of the medical humanities?

CONTEXT: There is increasing interest in establishing the medical humanities as core integrated provision in undergraduate medicine curricula, but sceptics point to the lack of evidence for their impact upon patient care. Further, the medical humanities culture has often failed to provide a convincing theoretical rationale for the inclusion of the arts and humanities in medical education. DISCUSSION: Poor communication with colleagues and patients is the main factor in creating the conditions for medical error; this is grounded in a historically determined refusal of democracy within medical work. The medical humanities may play a critical role in educating for democracy in medical culture generally, and in improving communication in medical students specifically, as both demand high levels of empathy. Studies in the science of communication can provide a valuable evidence base justifying the inclusion of the medical humanities in the core curriculum. A case is made for the potential of the medical humanities--as a form of 'adult play'--to educate for collaboration and tolerance of ambiguity or uncertainty, providing a key element of the longer-term democratising force necessary to change medical culture and promote safer practice. CONCLUSION: The arts and humanities can provide important contextual media through which the lessons learned from the science of communication in medicine can be translated and promoted as forms of medical education.

Temas e enfoques contemporâneos nas Ciências Sociais e Humanas no Brasil: expressões e tendências refletidas no V congresso da área / Contemporary themes and approaches in social and human sciences in Brazil: manifestations and trends in the field's fifth national congress

O V Congresso de Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde da ABRASCO (São Paulo, Brasil, 2011) teve como tema central O Lugar das Ciências Sociais na Saúde Coletiva e propiciou um amplo processo de reflexão acerca da abrangência e importância das contribuições desta área ao campo da Saúde Coletiva. Este artigo discutirá a produção científica do evento, procurando, oportunamente, traçar tendências e perspectivas contemporâneas da área. No conjunto da programação científica, deter-me-ei na produção veiculada nos Grupos Temáticos (GT), metodologia que por primeira vez foi experimentada em congressos da ABRASCO, e que se constituiu no eixo central da programação científica do evento. A principal estratégia metodológica adotada foi a análise documental, apoiada nas seguintes fontes: os Anais do V Congresso de Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde; o relatório final do evento. A análise comparada com os achados de revisão recente sobre a produção da área revelou permanência em termos de temas dominantes. Evidenciou-se também um incremento significativo das microanálises.

The central theme of the 5th National Congress on Social and Human Sciences in Health held by ABRASCO in São Paulo, Brazil, in 2011 was The Place of Social Sciences in Public Health, fostering a broad process of reflection on the scope and importance of this area's contributions to the field of public health. The article discusses the event's scientific output, seeking to outline contemporary trends and perspectives in the area. Within the event's scientific program, the author focuses on the work produced by the Thematic Groups, a methodology tested for the first time in ABRASCO congresses and which has become the program's central thrust. The principal methodological strategy was document analysis, drawing on the proceedings of the 5th National Congress on Social and Human Sciences in Health and the event's final report. A comparison with the findings of a recent review on the field's output showed that the predominant themes remained the same. There was also a significant increase in microanalyses.