Concepção de currículo em Dermeval Saviani e suas relações com a categoria marxista de liberdade / The curriculum conception in Dermeval Saviani and its relations with the marxist category of freedom / Concepción de currículo en Dermeval Saviani y sus relaciones con la categoría marxista de libertad

Dermeval Saviani analisa o trabalho educativo pelo enfoque marxista, articulando questões relativas à filosofia e história da educação, política educacional e teoria pedagógica, fornecendo sustentação para o enfrentamento do esvaziamento do currículo escolar. A partir da contribuição desse educador e de outros que a ele se somam, na construção da pedagogia histórico-crítica, alguns princípios curriculares podem ser formulados para a seleção dos conteúdos do ensino. Um exemplo é a questão dos clássicos, que Saviani aponta como referência para a seleção dos conteúdos escolares. A categoria de liberdade é compreendida, pela tradição marxista, de maneira contraposta à visão liberal-burguesa e tem como fundamento a análise histórica da construção da sociabilidade e da cultura a partir da atividade de trabalho. É esta perspectiva histórica que dá sentido às ideias defendidas por Saviani sobre o conhecimento, a formação humana e o currículo escolar.(AU)

Dermeval Saviani analyzes the educational work using the marxist approach, articulating issues relating to philosophy and history of education, educational policy and educational theory, providing inputs for coping with the emptying process suffered by the the school curriculum. From the contribution of Saviani and others regarding the construction of the historical-critical pedagogy, some curricular principles for the theachig content selection can be formulated. As an example, the question of the classics is pointed out by Saviani as a reference for the selection of school subjects. The category of freedom is understood following the marxist tradition in a way opposed to the liberal-bourgeois point of view based on the historical analysis of the construction of sociability and culture using work as foundation. This historical perspective gives meaning to the ideas proposed by Saviani regarding knowledge, human education and school curriculum.(AU)

Dermeval Saviani analiza el trabajo educativo por el enfoque marxista, articulando cuestiones relativas a la filosofía e historia de la educación, política educativa y teoría pedagógica, suministrando sustentación para el enfrentamiento del vaciado del currículo escolar. A partir de la contribución de ese educador y de otros que se suman a él, en la construcción de la pedagogía histórico-crítica, pueden formularse algunos principios curriculares para la selección de los contenidos de la enseñanza. Un ejemplo es la cuestión de los clásicos que Saviani señala como referencia para la selección de los contenidos escolares. La categoría de libertad es entendida, por la tradición marxista, de manera contrapuesta a la visión liberal burguesa y tiene como fundamento el análisis histórico de la construcción de la sociabilidad y de la cultura a partir de la actividad del trabajo. Es esa perspectiva histórica la que da sentido a las ideas defendidas por Saviani sobre el conocimiento, la formación humana y el currículo escolar.(AU)

Sexual revolution in China: implications for Chinese women and society.

China is undergoing rapid changes in sexual mores due to several reasons such as decreasing control of the state over private lives of individuals, globalization of its economy, and some policies initiated by the state. There is increased acceptance of premarital sex and extramarital sex in China, especially among youth. In historically conservative China, influenced by Confucian ideals of patriarchal dominance for centuries, the sexual freedom currently enjoyed by many is unprecedented. This has impacted women's status and sexual lives in several positive ways such as increasing freedom of sexual expression, control over their bodies, sexual choices, and increasing equality with men in all spheres of life. However several negative consequences such as a rise in STD/HIV prevalence, commercial sex, and divorce rates have also been attributed to the ongoing sexual revolution in China. Recommendations combating these and suggestions for directions in future research are discussed.

Demystifying the Maoist barefoot doctors of Nepal.

Though not purposefully targeted, Nepal's decade-long violent conflict waged by the United Communist Party Nepal-Maoist (UCPN-M) has had considerable impact on the health of the population. Fairly early on the UCPN-M established its own primary health care services in the rural areas under its control. This questionnaire study included 197 Maoist health workers recruited from a wide range of backgrounds in terms of age, experience, gender, caste and ethnicity, and schooling. Many appear to be young paramedics with few skills, who received a short training during the decade long conflict. For two-thirds of them political ideology was a key motivating factor for joining, and for unemployed youths this proportion was significantly higher. Nine out of 10 considered themselves as 'qualified' to work as support level health workers in the future. Regression analysis shows that a significantly higher proportion of women and those with previous academic and basic type of training were willing to integrate/rehabilitate into the mainstream health sector since the conflict ended in 2006. It is important to capitalize upon this opportunity to redevelop the health services, especially in rural areas in Nepal, and to contribute to the peace process.

Recent trends in health status of the male population in postcommunist Europe.

At the time of the collapse of the Soviet bloc in 1989-1990, male life expectancy in Central and Eastern Europe was significantly lower than that in Western Europe. Recent trends in health status in this region are very different: steady improvement in the Czech Republic, first signs of improvement in the Slovak Republic and Poland, slight aggravation in Hungary and Bulgaria and health collapse in the Russian Federation. Male life expectancy at birth in the Czech Republic reached in 1995 70.0 years, while in the Russian Federation it decreased in 1994 to 57.7 years. The increase in life expectancy in the Czech Republic is attributable to the decline of infant mortality and of cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged males. The decrease in life expectancy in the Russian Federation is attributable to the increase of cardiovascular mortality and to an extremely high increase of mortality caused by accidents, suicides and homicides. Pandemic of alcoholism plays a significant role in the unfavourable health trends in the Russian Federation.