Tools used to assess comfort among patients undergoing high flow nasal cannula: A scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: The aims were twofold: (a) to map tools documented in the literature to evaluate comfort among patients undergoing high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) treatment; and (b) to assess if the retrieved tools have been validated for this purpose. METHODS: A scoping review, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). In July 2023, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Cochrane Library were consulted. Studies assessing comfort in adult, paediatric, and neonatal patients undergoing HFNC were included. RESULTS: Seventy-four articles were included, among which nine (12.2 %) investigated comfort as the primary aim. Twenty-five different tools were found, classifiable into 14 types, mostly unidimensional and originating from those measuring pain. The most widely used was the Visual Analogic Scale (n = 27, 35.6 %) followed by the Numerical Rating Scale (n = 11, 14.5 %) and less defined generic tools (n = 10, 13.2 %) with different metrics (e.g. 0-5, 0-10, 0-100). Only the General Comfort Questionnaire and the Comfort Scale were specifically validated for the assessment of comfort among adults and children, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although the comfort of patients undergoing HFNC is widely investigated in the literature, there is a scarcity of tools specifically validated in this field. Those used have been validated mainly to assess pain, suggesting the need to inform patients to prevent confusion while measuring comfort during HFNC and to develop more research in the field. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: Comfort assessment is an important aspect of nursing care. Given the lack of validation studies in the field, efforts in research are recommended.

Necessidades de conforto de pacientes atendidos no serviço de urgência e emergência: implicações para enfermagem / Comfort requirements of patients assisted by the urgency and emergency service: implications for the nursing profession / Necesidades de comodidad de pacientes atendidos en el servicio de urgencia y emergencia: implicaciones para enfermería

Objetivo: Descrever conforto para pacientes em serviço de emergência e implicações no cuidado de enfermagem. Método: Estudo exploratório descritivo qualitativo, realizado em hospital do Norte do Ceará referência para 55 municípios, com amostra de 85 pacientes, internados de 12 a 24 horas no Serviço de Emergência, investigados por meio de formulário, entre novembro de 2014 a fevereiro de 2015, com dados tratados segundo análise temática de Minayo. CEP 793.626 e CAAE 30640114.7.0000.5053. Resultados: No aspecto físico, a dor é o principal desconforto; no contexto psicoespiritual e sociocultural, a espera por atendimento; nos aspectos ambientais, os leitos. Conclusão: Os profissionais da enfermagem foram citados como os que mais contribuem para amenizar o desconforto dos pacientes

Objective: To describe comfort for patients in emergency service and implications in nursing care. Method: Exploratory qualitative descriptive study, carried out in a hospital in the North of Ceará, a reference to 55 municipalities, with a sample of 85 patients, hospitalized from 12 to 24 hours in the Emergency Department, investigated through a form, between November 2014 and February 2015, with data were treated according to Minayo's thematic analysis. CEP 793,626 and CAAE 30640114.7.0000.5053. Results: In the physical aspect, pain is the main discomfort; in the psychospiritcultural context, waiting for care; in environmental aspects, the beds. Conclusion: Nursing professionals were cited as the ones that contribute the most to ease the discomfort of patients

Objetivo: Describir comodidad para pacientes en servicio de emergencia e implicaciones en el cuidado de enfermería. Método: Estudio exploratorio descriptivo cualitativo, realizado en hospital del Norte de Ceará referencia para 55 municipios, con muestra de 85 pacientes, internados de 12 a 24 horas en el Servicio de Emergencia, investigados a través de formulario, entre noviembre de 2014 a febrero de 2015, con datos fueron tratados según análisis temático de Minayo. CEP 793.626 y CAAE 30640114.7.0000.5053. Resultados: En el aspecto físico, el dolor es el principal malestar; en el contexto psicoespiritual e sociocultural, la espera por atención; en los aspectos ambientales, los lechos. Conclusión: Los profesionales de la enfermería fueron citados como los que más contribuyen para amenizar la incomodidad de los pacientes