[Additional qualification "Social medicine" for physicians]. / Zusatzbezeichnung "Sozialmedizin" für Ärztinnen und Ärzte.

Social medicine is the medical field that specializes in relationships between health, disease, and society. The goal of social medical care should be to enable functioning and participation in all areas of life as much as possible. Social medicine can be understood as a bridge between individual health care and public health and to other medical specialties. Expertise in social medicine is also helpful for dermatology and in daily clinical practice. This article presents the specialization "social medicine" in Germany.

The Teledermatology Experience: Cost Savings and Image Quality Control.

Introduction: Teledermatology adoption continues to increase, in part, spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study analyzes the utility and cost savings of a store-and-forward teledermatology consultative system within the Veterans Health Administration (VA). Methods: Retrospective cohort of 4,493 patients across 14 remote sites in Tennessee and Kentucky from May 2017 through August 2019. The study measured the agreement between the teledermatology diagnoses and follow-up face-to-face clinic evaluations as well as the cost effectiveness of the teledermatology program over the study period. Results: Fifty-four percent of patients were recommended for face-to-face appointment for biopsy or further evaluation. Most patients, 80.5% received their face-to-face care by a VA dermatologist. There was a high level of concordance between teledermatologist and clinic dermatologist for pre-malignant and malignant cutaneous conditions. Veterans were seen faster at a VA clinic compared with a community dermatology site. Image quality improved as photographers incorporated teledermatologist feedback. From a cost perspective, teledermatology saved the VA system $1,076,000 in community care costs. Discussion: Teledermatology is a useful diagnostic tool within the VA system providing Veteran care at a cost savings.

Coding the "Spot Check": Part 1.

The updated outpatient evaluation and management (E/M) coding paradigm went into effect in January 2021, with level of visit being based on time or medical decision making (MDM). This article discusses how to effectively utilize this coding structure to correctly document for the "spot check," a common encounter within dermatology.

Sustainability of dermatological offices and clinics: challenges and potential solutions.

Ongoing high consumption of resources results in exceeding the planetary boundaries. Modern healthcare systems contribute to this problem. To address this issue, this article provides an overview of various aspects of sustainable actions in medical offices and clinics that can also be applied to dermatology. Specific fields of action include energy consumption, structural measures, traffic and mobility, organization including digitalization as well as personnel and evaluation. Moreover, we discuss specific topics such as hygiene and cleansing, dermatosurgery and prescription practices. External treatments and cosmetics are discussed separately as dermatological peculiarities. Finally, we provide information on established initiatives for more sustainable health care in Germany. We aim to encourage critical reappraisal of currently established practices and to stimulate the implementation of sustainable measures.

Intradisciplinary team meeting for teledermatology: an aid to improving clinician confidence.

A weekly teledermatology intradisciplinary team (IDT) meeting, attended by consultant dermatologists and dermatology trainees, was established at our centre in July 2020 to help with the diagnosis and management of challenging 2-week-wait skin cancer teledermatology cases. To assess the usefulness of the meeting, an electronic survey of attendees (consultants n = 7; trainees n = 4) was performed 6 months after introduction. The results showed that 71.4% of consultants and 100% of trainees felt the IDT meeting improved their confidence in assessing dermoscopic photographs and in managing patients via teledermatology; 100% of attendees considered the meeting would improve patient safety; and 85.7% of consultants and 100% of trainees found the meeting contributed to their professional development, demonstrating its educational value. A retrospective analysis of patient outcomes before and after implementation of the IDT meeting demonstrated an increase in the direct discharge rate from 44.7% to 56.3% and a reduction in biopsy rate from 39.6% to 30.2% (n = 400; P = 0.02). The teledermatology IDT meeting is a model that could be introduced at other centres to support clinician confidence in teledermatology, and to help with clinical decision-making and teledermatology training.

Pilot Survey of Adoption of Telemedicine in Mohs Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The Covid-19 Pandemic prompted the widespread implementation of telemedicine across healthcare. OBJECTIVE: To analyze telemedicine adoption by Mohs Micrographic surgeons (MMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic; to analyze the attitudes and perceived barriers to its long-term continuation by MMS practices. METHODS AND MATERIALS: An online multiple-choice survey was distributed to members of the American College of Mohs Surgeons. RESULTS: 86.1% of surveyed Mohs surgeons initiated telemedicine during the pandemic surge. The most common uses for telemedicine amongst respondents were post-surgery management (77.4%), "spot checks" (60.9%), and surgical consultations (59.1%). 73.1% report patients were receptive to telemedicine. 68.6% believe that telemedicine has a place in dermatologic surgery; 49.5% plan to incorporate telemedicine into their surgical practices long-term. Physical exam limitations, fitting telemedicine into practice workflow, and patient reception/patient training were viewed as the most significant barriers to long-term implementation. CONCLUSIONS: While valuable use cases for telemedicine were identified with most Mohs surgeon respondents feeling that telemedicine has a place in their practices, there is uncertainty in how to implement telemedicine into the dermatologic surgery practice workflow.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Teledermatology: A Review.

The accelerated implementation and use of teledermatology during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has met with successes and challenges. This review explores how telemedicine was used in dermatology before the pandemic, the regulatory adaptions made in response to the pandemic, and the effectiveness of the rapid implementation of teledermatology during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, and, finally, how teledermatology has expanded in response to the pandemic. This review examines lessons learned and how teledermatology's reliance on digital technologies might paradoxically exacerbate health care disparities, and finally, considers the future outlook.

How Coronavirus Disease 2019 Changed Dermatology Practice in 1 Year Around the World: Perspectives from 11 Countries.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) brought the world to its knees. As each nation grappled with launching an effective response while simultaneously minimizing repercussions on health care systems, economies, and societies, the medical and scientific landscape shifted forever. In particular, COVID-19 has challenged and transformed the field of dermatology and the way we practice. In this article, dermatologists from 11 countries share insights gained from local experience. These global perspectives will help provide a better framework for delivering quality dermatologic care and understanding how the field has evolved during this medical crisis.

Dermatology practice in the times of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is implicated in the ongoing pandemic across the globe since December 2019. It was first notified by China from Wuhan on 31 December 2020 and transmission to healthcare workers was first reported on 20 January 2020. Human-to-human transmission is mainly by droplet infection. At present no effective vaccine is available. Our speciality needs to collectively address the urgent issue of risk of transmission in dermatology practice. A case series of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Wuhan described that 41.3% of their patients may have acquired the infection from the hospital. Of all the infected health care workers, 77.5% worked in general wards and departments. These data highlight the significant risk of nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 and also the higher risk in general wards and departments compared to the emergency room or intensive care unit. Dermatology patients are generally seen in clinics and in outpatient departments in hospitals. Patients wait together in the waiting area, intermingle and then are seen by the physician in their chamber. This can cause transmission of the pathogen among patients and from patient to physician. Social distancing, hand hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment are important for preventing the spread of infection and dermatology practices also have to incorporate these aspects. Telemedicine is becoming an important tool for the management of dermatology patients in these times. At-risk patients in dermatology also need to be given priority care. Protocols for the use of immunosuppressants and biologics in dermatology during the pandemic are being developed.

Provision of Dermatologic Care in a Universal Health Care System: A 17-Year Review.

BACKGROUND: Limited data is available on the burden of dermatologic disease including disease distribution and providers of care. Research is needed to facilitate health care planning and improve patient care. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the demographics and economics of the provision of dermatologic care in a universal health care system from fiscal year 2000 to 2016. METHODS: A retrospective population-based analysis was performed on physician billing claims for dermatologic conditions from April 1, 2000 to March 31, 2017. Data came from the province of Ontario's universal health care plan claims records accessed through IntelliHealth. RESULTS: Dermatologic claims made up 3.6% of all physician claims, with a 20% increase seen over time. The cost of dermatologic claims increased by 70% between fiscal 2000 and 2016, with the average cost per claim increasing by 41%. However, the cost of dermatologic claims as a percentage of all health care claims experienced a decline from 3.5% in fiscal 2000 to 2.8% in fiscal 2016. Over the study period, family physicians submitted 56% to 62% of dermatologic claims, dermatologists 24% to 29%, pediatricians 3% to 4%, and internists 1%. Overall, internists billed the highest average cost per dermatologic claim ranging from $39 in 2000 to $60 in 2016, followed by pediatricians at $33 to $58, dermatologists at $28 to $39, and family physicians at $23 to $30. CONCLUSIONS: The demographic and economic burden of dermatologic disease is changing over time, with implications for health care planning, advancing medical education, and patient care.

Clinical interventions aimed at expanding access to dermatologic care.

In the United States access to healthcare continues to be a major issue. Although "top down" public policy approaches hold promise for expanding access, a lack of political consensus has hindered progress. A review of the literature was conducted to investigate the efficacy of clinical interventions aimed at expanding access to care from the "bottom up." The greatest improvements in access to care over the past decade have harnessed teledermatology, shared care, appointment scheduling strategies, and team-based care. Optimization of these approaches will require additional population-based, dermatology-specific research. It is clear that dermatologists, using a "bottom up approach," can significantly expand access to care in their communities in a manner that is economically viable and maintains quality of care and patient satisfaction.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dermatologic practice: an Italian survey.

BACKGROUND: Since December 2019, the global population has been experiencing an unprecedented challenge due to Corona virus disease (COVID-19). A pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization on March 11th 2020, with an escalation of new cases worldwide. Dermatology units experienced a reorganization of regular activity, also providing clinical diagnosis and medical assistance to COVID-19-positive patients who developed cutaneous manifestations. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Italian dermatologic clinical practice. MATERIALS & METHODS: This was a prospective online survey, consisting of a questionnaire with 35 multiple-choice questions uploaded on the website of the Italian Society of Dermatology and Venereology - SIDeMaST. RESULTS: A total of 136 dermatologists, 78 women (57%) and 58 men (43%), participated in the survey. The mean age was 58 ± 14 years. In total, 60% of participants reported an impact of the pandemic on their practice, in most cases consisting of a remarkable reduction in routine clinical activity (58%). Concern regarding possible infection was evaluated with a score ranging from 0 (no concern) to 5 (extremely concerned): the fear of becoming infected was high (≥3 in 40%), as was the fear of infecting families, colleagues or patients (≥3 points in 45%). CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic is having a strong impact on dermatology practice in Italy. The identification of critical points may help scientific societies to improve the clinical scenario and create specific strategies to overcome the emergency.