Machine learning algorithms to identify cluster randomized trials from MEDLINE and EMBASE.

BACKGROUND: Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are becoming an increasingly important design. However, authors of CRTs do not always adhere to requirements to explicitly identify the design as cluster randomized in titles and abstracts, making retrieval from bibliographic databases difficult. Machine learning algorithms may improve their identification and retrieval. Therefore, we aimed to develop machine learning algorithms that accurately determine whether a bibliographic citation is a CRT report. METHODS: We trained, internally validated, and externally validated two convolutional neural networks and one support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to predict whether a citation is a CRT report or not. We exclusively used the information in an article citation, including the title, abstract, keywords, and subject headings. The algorithms' output was a probability from 0 to 1. We assessed algorithm performance using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curves. Each algorithm's performance was evaluated individually and together as an ensemble. We randomly selected 5000 from 87,633 citations to train and internally validate our algorithms. Of the 5000 selected citations, 589 (12%) were confirmed CRT reports. We then externally validated our algorithms on an independent set of 1916 randomized trial citations, with 665 (35%) confirmed CRT reports. RESULTS: In internal validation, the ensemble algorithm discriminated best for identifying CRT reports with an AUC of 98.6% (95% confidence interval: 97.8%, 99.4%), sensitivity of 97.7% (94.3%, 100%), and specificity of 85.0% (81.8%, 88.1%). In external validation, the ensemble algorithm had an AUC of 97.8% (97.0%, 98.5%), sensitivity of 97.6% (96.4%, 98.6%), and specificity of 78.2% (75.9%, 80.4%)). All three individual algorithms performed well, but less so than the ensemble. CONCLUSIONS: We successfully developed high-performance algorithms that identified whether a citation was a CRT report with high sensitivity and moderately high specificity. We provide open-source software to facilitate the use of our algorithms in practice.

A method for translating search strategies efficiently into HMIC and SPP.

BACKGROUND: Small databases, such as Health Management Information Consortium (HMIC) and Social Policy and Practice (SPP), can add value to systematic searches. Search strategies designed for large databases may not be appropriate in small sources. A different approach to translating strategies could ensure that small databases are searched efficiently. OBJECTIVES: To establish the contribution HMIC and SPP made to public health guidelines (PHGs); and to recommend an efficient method of translating search strategies. METHODS: Eight PHGs were analysed to establish how many included publications were retrieved from HMIC and SPP. Six options for translating strategies from MEDLINE, using variations of free text and subject terms, were compared. RESULTS: Health Management Information Consortium contributed 15 and SPP eight of the 483 publications cited in the PHGs. The free-text only search was the one option to miss an included publication. The heading word (with truncation) option was more precise than applying subject headings. DISCUSSION: There is a risk of missing relevant publications in free-text only searches and it is preferable to include subject terms efficiently. CONCLUSION: The heading word (with truncation) option did not miss the evidence included in the PHGs and was the most efficient method for translating MEDLINE to HMIC and SPP.

Produção científica em saúde da população LGBTQIA+: uma análise crítica do conteúdo da literatura / Scientific production on LGBTQIA+ health: a critical analysis of the literature

Resumo Esta pesquisa traz em seu escopo a análise do potencial estigmatizador do conteúdo de estudos direcionados à população LGBTQIA+ indexados na plataforma PubMed. Por meio de uma ampla e sistemática pesquisa bibliográfica foram identificados e incluídos, respectivamente, 821 e 334 (40,68%) artigos, dos quais foram extraídos 1838 descritores. Da análise dos dados coletados foram identificados as maiores prevalências dos descritores "men having sex with man" (192 repetições) e "HIV" (98 repetições). Sendo assim, o percurso analítico das informações levantadas refletiu que a população LGBTQIA+ é essencialmente designada como "homens que fazem sexo com outros homens e soropositivos". Este estudo traz, portanto, a presença de características estigmatizantes nos estudos direcionados à população LGBTQIA+. Contudo, cabe destacar que o resultado encontrado é subsídio para o fortalecimento de uma perspectiva crítica de um fazer científico mais humanizado e direcionado às especificidades e necessidades da população LGBTQIA+.

Abstract This study analyzes the stigmatizing potential of studies on the LGBTQIA+ population indexed on the PubMED database. By a broad and systematic bibliographic search, 821 publications were found and 334 (40.68%) were included in this study. From these, 1838 keywords were extracted. Data analysis showed that the keywords "men who have sex with man" (192 repetitions) and "HIV" (98 repetitions) had the highest prevalence. Thus, according to the analysis, the LGBTQIA+ population is essentially described as "men who have sex with other men" and "HIV positive." This study unveils the presence of stigmatizing characteristics in studies on the LGBTQIA+ population. However, such findings can help strengthen the critical perspective of a more humanized scientific practice, actually concerned with the specificities and needs of the LGBTQIA+ population.

Publication Trends in Pediatric Stone Disease: A Bibliometric Analysis / Tendencias de publicación en la litiasis pediátrica: Un análisis bibliométrico

Introduction In the pediatric population, the prevalence of stone disease has increased in recent years. We aim to analyze the bibliometric characteristic of available literature on the management of stones in this population. Methods We performed a search for articles published until December 2019 on the Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases using the keywords children, lithiasis, and stones. We excluded articles involving patients older than 18 years of age and those with non-urological lithiasis. Then, we performed a bibliometric analysis using the original language, year of publication, impact factor (yearly number of citations), and absolute citation count as variables to calculate the impact index (number of sources adjusted for the time since publication). Results We included 291 articles published between 1940 and December 2019 for analysis. The average number of citations per manuscript was of 15.3 (± 21.9), and the average impact index was of 502 (± 976.4). A total of 4 articles were published before 1970. The evaluation of historical landmarks that could affect citation counts, such as the launch of a journal specialized in pediatric urology (Journal of Pediatric Urology), showed a mean citation count of 23.29 before the first edition, and of 14.96 after (p = 0.0006). The variation on the impact index with the same criteria was of 539.6 before the first edition of the Journal of Pediatric Urology, and of 316.32 after (p = 0.001). The average number of citations before internet access was of 17.9, and, after the internet, of 15.1 (p = 0.17). We also observed a difference in counts regarding languages of publication. Conclusions The proportional academic productivity on pediatric stone disease demonstrates that citation counts do not reflect the true academic impact of subspecialized topics.

Introducción La prevalencia de la urolitiasis en la población pediátrica ha venido aumentando en los últimos años. Este manuscrito busca analizar las características bibliométricas de la literatura disponible sobre el manejo de la urolitiasis pediátrica. Métodos Realizamos una búsqueda por artículos publicados hasta diciembre de 2019 en las bases de datos Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase y Web of Science con las palabras children, lithiasis, y stones. Excluimos artículos con pacientes mayores de 18 años y litiasis no urológica. Posteriormente, realizamos un análisis bibliométrico utilizando el idioma original, el año de publicación, el factor de impacto (número de citas anuales), y el recuento absoluto de citas para calcular el índice de impacto (número de fuentes ajustadas por el tiempo desde la publicación). Resultados Analizamos 291 artículos publicados desde 1940 hasta diciembre de 2019. El promedio de citas por artículo fue de 15,3 (± 21,9), y el índice de impacto fue de 502 (± 976,4). Un total de 4 artículos fueron publicados antes de 1970. La evaluación de hitos históricos que pudieran afectar el recuento de citas, como el lanzamiento de una revista de urología pediátrica (Journal of Pediatric Urology), mostró un recuento medio de citas de 23,29 antes de la primera edición, y de 14,96 después (p = 0,0006). La variación del índice de impacto con los mismos criterios fue de 539,6 antes de la primera edición de esta revista, y de 316,32 después (p = 0,001). El promedio de citas antes del acceso a la internet fue de 17,9, y después, de 15,1 (p = 0,17). Observamos también una diferencia en los recuentos respecto a los idiomas de publicación. Conclusiones La productividad académica sobre la litiasis pediátrica demuestra que los recuentos de citas no reflejan el verdadero impacto académico de los temas subespecializados.

Aproximações da produção científica em ciências da saúde na ciência da informação no Brasil / Approximations of scientific production in health sciences in the information science in Brazil / Aproximaciones de la producción científica en ciencias de la salud en la ciencia de la información en Brasil

O trabalho apresentado neste artigo analisou as aproximações da produção científica em ciências da saúde na área de ciência da informação, no Brasil, com base nos artigos indexados na Base de Dados Referenciais de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação (Brapci), no período de 1972 a 2020. A partir da coleta pelo termo 'saúde', os dados foram organizados a fim de: identificar os autores mais produtivos; descrever as formas de coautoria; investigar as características das revistas utilizadas para publicação; analisar as temáticas identificadas a partir das palavras-chave. Foram coletados 1.293 documentos, dos quais, após limpeza, totalizaram 1.140 registros, que foram administrados no software VOSviewer. Verificou-se que 3,3% dos documentos em ciência da informação indexados na base abordam alguma questão da área de saúde. A Revista Eletrônica de Comunicação, Informação e Inovação em Saúde (Reciis) publicou 43,2% de todos os trabalhos recuperados e uma mostrou prevalência de autoria múltipla.

The work presented in this article analyzed the approximations of scientific production in health sciences in the area of information science in Brazil based on articles indexed by the Base de Dados Referenciais de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação (Brapci) from 1972 to 2020. After searching the term 'health', the data were organized to in order to identify the most productive authors; to describe the forms of coauthorship; to investigate the characteristics of the journals used for publication; and to analyze the themes identified by means of the keywords. 1,293 documents were collected and after cleaning the total came to 1,140 records that were visualized using the VOSviewer software. It was verified that 3.3% of the documents concerning information science which was indexed in the database address some issue of health field. The Reciis ­ Revista Eletrônica de Comunicação, Informação e Inovação em Saúde (Electronic journal of communication, information and innovation in health) published 43.2% of all works obtained and has revealed a prevalence of multiple authorship.

El trabajo presentado analizó las aproximaciones de la producción científica en ciencias de la salud en el área de ciencias de la información en Brasil con base en artículos indexados en la Base de Dados Referenciais de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação (Brapci) en el período de 1972 a 2020. A partir de la recolección del término 'salud', los datos fueron organizados para identificar a los autores más productivos; describir las formas de coautoría; investigar las características de las revistas utilizadas para la publicación; analizar los temas identificados a partir de las palabras clave. Han sido recopilados 1.293 documentos y después de la limpieza totalizaron 1.140 registros que han sido visualizados en el software VOSviewer. Se han verificado que 3.3% de los documentos conciernentes a la ciencia de la información indexados en la base de datos abordan algún tema del área de salud. La Reciis ­ Revista Eletrônica de Comunicação, Informação e Inovação em Saúde (Revista electrónica de comunicación, información y innovación en salud) publicó 43,2% del total de trabajos recuperados y ha evidenciado un predominio de autoría múltiple. Palabras clave: Ciencia de la información; Ciencias de la salud; Producción científica; Col

Mapeando a dinâmica da informática médica: uma análise bibliométrica do campo científico / Mapping the dynamics of medical informatics: a bibliometric analysis of the scientific field / Mapeo de la dinámica de la informática médica: un análisis bibliométrico del campo científico

A saúde digital é um assunto emergente em fóruns acadêmicos, nas políticas públicas e nas organizações de saúde. Supondo que a saúde digital deriva de conhecimentos da informática médica, este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa bibliométrica sobre a evolução conceitual e tecnológica do campo da informática médica nas últimas décadas, enfatizando aspectos metodológicos. O trabalho realizou bibliometria em metadados de 100 mil artigos indexados sob a categoria 'medical informatics' na base de dados Web of Science entre os anos de 1960 e 2020. Foram realizadas análises longitudinais com utilização dos softwares Bibliometrix e CorText em três eixos: quantidade de publicações, países dos autores e palavras-chave. Conforme a hipótese metodológica que orientou o estudo, as mudanças terminológicas verificadas ao longo do tempo oferecem uma visão aproximativa das mudanças conceituais e tecnológicas do campo de pesquisa da informática médica. Os resultados mostram que esse campo de investigação apresentou crescimento consistente ao longo das últimas seis décadas, expandindo-se para diferentes países. As mudanças terminológicas e conceituais detectadas pela análise de palavras-chave permitiram a identificação de períodos temporais definidos, associados a rótulos genéricos como 'health informatics', 'e-health'. O rótulo 'medical informatics' é recorrente como termo mais geral a designar o campo de aplicação, em razão de sua adoção por associações científicas internacionais a partir da década de 1970. Nos últimos cincos anos, pode-se identificar a emergência do termo 'digital health', que possivelmente será o conceito dominante na década que se inicia. A análise de palavras-chave também indica a associação entre mudanças terminológicas e de tecnologias, o que reforça as relações entre conceitos e aplicações tecnológicas de cada período.

Digital health is an emerging topic in academic forums, public policies, and healthcare organizations. Assuming that digital health derives from previous medical informatics knowledge, this work presents findings from a bibliometric study on medical informatics technological and conceptual evolution in the last decades, emphasizing methodological aspects. We performed a bibliometric analysis in metadata from 100,000 papers indexed under the category 'medical informatics' in the Web of Science database between 1960 and 2020. Longitudinal analysis using software Bibliometrix and CorText were conducted in three axes: frequency of items, authors' countries, and keywords. Based on the methodological hypothesis guiding the study, the changes in keywords over time offer a proxy view on the conceptual and technological changes in the medical informatics research field. The results show that medical informatics consistently grew over the last six decades, expanding to several countries. Conceptual and technological changes that emerged from the keyword analysis supported the identification of well delimited periods related to general labels, such as: 'health informatics' and 'e-health'. The 'medical informatics' is recurring as a general label due to international scientific associations' adoption since the early 1970s. Moreover, in the last five years, we could identify the term 'digital health', which will probably be a major label in the next decade. The keyword analysis also showed the association between labels and technological changes, adding more evidence that these changes are related to concepts and technological applications.

La salud digital es un tema emergente en foros académicos, políticas públicas y organizaciones de salud. Asumiendo que la salud digital deriva del conocimiento de la informática médica, este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación bilbiométrica sobre la evolución conceptual y tecnológica del campo de la informática médica en las últimas décadas, enfatizando aspectos metodológicos. El trabajo realizó bibliometría en metadatos de 100.000 artículos indexados en la categoría 'informática médica' en la base de datos Web of Science entre los años 1960 y 2020. Se realizaron análisis longitudinales utilizando los softwares Bibliometrix y CorText en tres ejes: número de publicaciones, nacionalidad de los autores y palabras clave. De acuerdo con la hipótesis metodológica que orientó el estudio, los cambios terminológicos verificados a lo largo del tiempo ofrecen una visión aproximada de los cambios conceptuales y tecnológicos en el campo de la investigación en informática médica. Los resultados muestran que este campo de investigación ha mostrado un crecimiento constante durante las últimas seis décadas, expandiéndose a diferentes países. Los cambios terminológicos y conceptuales detectados por el análisis de palabras clave permitieron identificar periodos de tiempo definidos, asociados a etiquetas genéricas como 'informática en salud', 'e-salud'. La etiqueta 'informática médica' es recurrente como el término más general para designar el campo de aplicación, debido a su adopción por parte de asociaciones científicas internacionales desde la década de 1970. En los últimos cinco años se puede identificar el surgimiento del término 'salud digital', que posiblemente será el concepto dominante en la próxima década. El análisis de palabras clave también indica la asociación entre cambios terminológicos y tecnológicos, lo que refuerza las relaciones entre conceptos y aplicaciones tecnológicas en cada período.

Taxa de publicação de resumos da área de Endodontia apresentados na Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica entre 2013 e 2016 / Full-length publication rates of endodontic abstracts presented at the Brazilian Society of Oral Research meetings between 2013 and 2016

O conceito de Odontologia baseada em evidências requer a produção e publicação de pesquisas de alta qualidade em periódicos internacionais criteriosos. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as taxas de publicação de resumos endodônticos apresentados na reunião da SBPqO nos anos de 2013, 2014, 2015 e 2016. Material e Métodos: O fator de impacto e a classificação Qualis dos periódicos, e o tempo decorrido entre o congresso e a publicação completa também foram avaliados. Em seguida, foram classificados em seis categorias: pesquisa básica endodôntica, revisão de temas endodônticos, estudos clínicos, ensaios clínicos randomizados, pesquisa básica tecnológica ou relatos de caso. Uma pesquisa em bancos de dados eletrônicos usando o mecanismo Medline (PubMed) foi realizada de janeiro de 2018 a julho de 2018, para identificar publicações escritas em inglês com texto completo dos resumos endodônticos previamente selecionados. A identificação da publicação em texto completo dos resumos foi inicialmente realizada utilizando o sobre- nome do primeiro autor e as principais palavras-chave do título do resumo. Após a verificação do artigo em texto completo, informações adicionais foram registradas, tais como: tempo decorrido até a publicação; nome, fator de impacto e classificação Qualis da revista; e o tipo de estudo. Resultados: Após a leitura do conteúdo da reunião, 1.238 resumos (10,2%) foram considerados de interesse endodôntico e, em seguida, foi realizada uma busca eletrônica no banco de dados. Conclusão: Um grande número de resumos endodônticos não foi publicado como um manuscrito completo. Estudos clínicos e ensaios clínicos randomizados representaram uma pequena parte das publicações (AU).

Evidence-based dentistry consists in the clinical application of concepts based on researches pub- lished as scientific papers in indexed periodicals. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the publication rates of endodontic abstracts presented in the meeting of SBPqO in the years of 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. Materials and Methods: Endodontic abstracts presented between 2013 and 2016 were included. Then, they were classified into six categories: endodontic basic research, review endodontic topics, clinical studies, randomized clinical trials, technological basic research or case reports. An electronic database search using the Medline (PubMed) engine was performed from January 2018 to July 2018 to identify full-text English-written publications of the endodontic abstracts previously selected. The identification of full-text publication of the abstracts was initially performed using the first authors last name and the main keywords from the title of the abstract. Following full-text article verification, additional information was recorded such as: elapsed time until publication; name, impact factor and Qualis classification of the journal; and type of study. Results: After reading the content of the meeting, 1,238 abstracts (10.2%) were considered to be of endodontic interest, and then an electronic database search was performed. Conclusion: A large number of endodontic abstracts were not published as a full-length manuscript. Clinical studies and randomized clinical trials represented the small part of the publications (AU).

La clave está en las palabras / The key is in the words

¿Cuál es la función de las palabras clave en un artículo científico? ¿Para qué sirven? ¿Son lo mismo que los descriptores? En el pre- sente editorial se responden esas y otras preguntas relacionadas con el uso de las palabras clave, a fin de que los autores de artí- culos científicos las elijan de una mejor manera para guiar a sus potenciales lectores y aumentar la visibilidad de su artículo, lo cual puede incrementar las probabilidades de que sea citado.

What is the role of keywords in a scholarly article? What are they for? Are keywords and descriptors the same? In this editorial those and other questions related to the use of keywords are answered, in order for the authors of scholarly articles to choose them properly so that they can guide their potential readers and increase the visibility of their article, which can lead to its citation.

Validação, tradução e adaptação transcultural de instrumentos de pesquisa clínico-educacionais: uma revisão integrativa / Validation, translation and cross-cultural adaptation of clinical-educational research instruments: an integrative review

Escalas e questionários podem participar do rastreio, diagnóstico e acompanhamento de condições médicas, por isso são importantes na prática clínica. Para que sejam utilizados em um país diferente do de origem, estes devem passar por um processo de adaptação cultural, visando garantir a validade e confiabilidade iguais ao instrumento original. Embora não exista um modelo padrão-ouro a ser seguido, quatro passos são essenciais e recomendados para este processo: tradução, tradução reversa, revisão por um comitê de juízes e pré-teste. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar quais são os processos reconhecidos cientificamente realizados para a validação de instrumentos de pesquisa direcionados à língua portuguesa do Brasil. Os artigos foram identificados na base de dados PubMed, através dos descritores validation studies AND translation AND adaptation AND cross-cultural AND Brazil. Foram selecionados 16 artigos para esta revisão, publicados entre 2017 e 2019. As metodologias de validação foram variadas, sendo que cada trabalho apresentou elementos metodológicos complementares e particulares às populações estudadas. A compilação destas metodologias permitiu evidenciar os pontos comuns que podem ser seguidos na elaboração de futuras pesquisas, buscando a construção de um roteiro unificado que permita sua utilização universal na validação e adaptação transcultural de instrumentos de pesquisa.

Assisting nurses in care documentation: from automated sentence classification to coherent document structures with subject headings.

BACKGROUND: Up to 35% of nurses' working time is spent on care documentation. We describe the evaluation of a system aimed at assisting nurses in documenting patient care and potentially reducing the documentation workload. Our goal is to enable nurses to write or dictate nursing notes in a narrative manner without having to manually structure their text under subject headings. In the current care classification standard used in the targeted hospital, there are more than 500 subject headings to choose from, making it challenging and time consuming for nurses to use. METHODS: The task of the presented system is to automatically group sentences into paragraphs and assign subject headings. For classification the system relies on a neural network-based text classification model. The nursing notes are initially classified on sentence level. Subsequently coherent paragraphs are constructed from related sentences. RESULTS: Based on a manual evaluation conducted by a group of three domain experts, we find that in about 69% of the paragraphs formed by the system the topics of the sentences are coherent and the assigned paragraph headings correctly describe the topics. We also show that the use of a paragraph merging step reduces the number of paragraphs produced by 23% without affecting the performance of the system. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that the presented system produces a coherent and logical structure for freely written nursing narratives and has the potential to reduce the time and effort nurses are currently spending on documenting care in hospitals.

Cómo leer y generar publicaciones científicas: la importancia del título y el resumen de un artículo científico / Scientific communication: the importance of the title and abstract of a scientific paper

The abstract of a scientific research paper must be well written and reviewed. Sometimes is the only section of a paper that is read, therefore must have the problem, research question, objective, hypothesis, method, results and conclusions, with the limitation of the study. Editors through the abstract deduce what a paper is about and its scientific relevance. The title condenses the paper's content in a few words, must capture the reader's attention and includes patients and methods. Both, the research summary and title of the paper are used for references databases. The paper gives some tips to write a good research abstract and title.

El resumen de un artículo científico debe ser prolíjamente redactado y revisado ya que muchas veces es lo único que se lee. Debe ser específico y representativo del texto, describiendo el problema, el objetivo, la hipótesis, cómo se hizo la investigación y que resultados se obtuvieron con sus conclusiones, mostrando las limitaciones del estudio. El título debe llamar la atención del lector y describir los pacientes y el método en forma breve. Es en base al resumen que editores evaluan la validez y relevancia del artículo científico. El título y resumen es lo que se incorpora en las bases de datos bibliográficas. En este artículo se describen los pasos para la redacción de un resumen de un buen artículo científico.

The Emtree term "diagnostic test accuracy study" retrieved less than half of the diagnostic accuracy studies in Embase.

OBJECTIVES: Embase is a biomedical and pharmacological bibliographic database of published literature, produced by Elsevier. In 2011, Embase introduced the Emtree term "diagnostic test accuracy study," after discussion with the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) community of Cochrane. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of this Emtree term when used to retrieve diagnostic accuracy studies. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We first piloted a random selection of 1,000 titles from Embase and then repeated the process with 1,223 studies specifically limited to humans. Two researchers independently screened those for eligibility. From titles that were indicated as being relevant or potentially relevant by at least one assessor, the full texts were retrieved and screened. A third researcher retrieved the Emtree terms for each title and checked whether "diagnostic test accuracy study" was one of the attached Emtree terms. The results of both exercises were then cross-classified, and sensitivity and specificity of the Emtree term were estimated. RESULTS: Our pilot set consisted of 1,000 studies, of which 20 (2.0%) were studies from which DTA data could be extracted. Thirteen studies had the label DTA study, of which five were indeed DTA studies. The final set consisted of 1,223 studies, of which 33 (2.7%) were DTA studies. Twenty studies were labeled as DTA study, of which fourteen indeed were DTA studies. This resulted in a sensitivity of 42.4% (95% CI: 25.5% to 60.8%) and a specificity of 99.5% (95% CI: 98.9% to 99.8%). CONCLUSION: Although we planned to include a more focused set of studies in our second attempt, the percentage of DTA studies was similar in both attempts. The DTA label failed to retrieve most of the DTA studies and 30% of the studies labeled as being DTA study were in fact not DTA studies. The Emtree term DTA study does not meet the requirements to be useful for retrieving DTA studies accurately.

Instrumentos de avaliação psicológica em orientação de carreira: análise da produção nacional / Psychological assessment instruments in vocational guidance: analysis of national production / Instrumentos de evaluación psicológica en orientación de carrera: análisis de la producción nacional

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa da produção científica nacional acerca do uso de instrumentos de avaliação psicológica no contexto de orientação profissional e de carreira no período de 2000 a 2017. A busca ocorreu no mês de junho de 2018, utilizando descritores correspondentes a "avaliação psicológica" e "orientação profissional" nas bases PePSIC, INDEXPSI, BVS-Psi, BVS-Saúde e no Google Acadêmico. Após a triagem de 1.376 artigos, elegeram-se 79 que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão, como ser estudo empírico com amostra brasileira e ter sido publicado em revistas nacionais. Os resultados indicaram crescimento do número de publicações a partir de 2003, com surgimento de pesquisadores além do eixo Sul-Sudeste. Foram contabilizados 69 instrumentos nas pesquisas e percebeu-se o início de investigações pautando temas e públicos não ligados apenas à escolha profissional, mostrando uma tendência de expansão da área para além do contexto escolar. Os instrumentos mais utilizados nas pesquisas foram a Escala de Aconselhamento Profissional, o Questionário de Busca Autodirigida e o Teste de Foto de Profissões, reforçando a forte tendência da avaliação de interesses profissionais na área.

Abstract This study is an integrative review of the national scientific production about the use of psychological assessment instruments in the context of Vocational and Career Guidance from 2000 to 2017. The search occurred in June 2018 using descriptors corresponding to "psychological assessment" and "vocational guidance" in the databases PePSIC, Index-Psi, BVS-Psi and BVS-Saúde and Google Scholar. After screening of 1,376 articles, 79 were chosen for meeting the inclusion criteria, such as being an empirical study with a Brazilian sample and published in Brazilian journals. The results indicated a growth in the number of publications starting from 2003 with the emergence of researchers, in addition to a South-Southeast concentration. In addition, 69 instruments were counted in the surveys and the beginning of investigations was observed, focusing on themes and audiences that were not exclusively related to the professional choice, showing a trend where the field expanded beyond the school context. The most used instruments were Escala de Aconselhamento Profissional, Questionário de Busca-Autodirigida and Teste de Foto das Profissões, reinforcing the strong tendency to evaluate professional interest in the field.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión integrativa de la producción científica nacional acerca del uso de instrumentos de evaluación psicológica en el contexto de orientación profesional y de carrera en el período de 2000 a 2017. La búsqueda ocurrió en el mes de junio de 2018 utilizando descriptores correspondientes a "evaluación psicológica" y "orientación profesional" en las bases PePSIC, INDEX-PSI, BVS-Psi y BVS-Salud y Google Académico. Tras la clasificación de 1.376 artículos, fueron elegidos 79 que atendían a los criterios de inclusión, tales como ser estudio empírico con muestra brasileña y haber sido publicado en revistas nacionales. Los resultados indicaron crecimiento del número de publicaciones a partir del año 2003 con surgimiento de investigadores además del eje Sur-Sureste. Además, se contabilizaron 69 instrumentos en las investigaciones y se percibió el inicio de investigaciones pautando temas y públicos no vinculados solo a la elección profesional, mostrando una tendencia de expansión del área más allá del contexto escolar. Los instrumentos más utilizados en la investigación fueron: Escala de Aconselhamento Profissional, Questionário de Busca-Autodirigida y Teste de Foto das Profissões, lo que refuerza la fuerte tendencia de la evaluación de intereses profesionales en el área.

Supporting the use of standardized nursing terminologies with automatic subject heading prediction: a comparison of sentence-level text classification methods.

OBJECTIVE: This study focuses on the task of automatically assigning standardized (topical) subject headings to free-text sentences in clinical nursing notes. The underlying motivation is to support nurses when they document patient care by developing a computer system that can assist in incorporating suitable subject headings that reflect the documented topics. Central in this study is performance evaluation of several text classification methods to assess the feasibility of developing such a system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven text classification methods are evaluated using a corpus of approximately 0.5 million nursing notes (5.5 million sentences) with 676 unique headings extracted from a Finnish university hospital. Several of these methods are based on artificial neural networks. Evaluation is first done in an automatic manner for all methods, then a manual error analysis is done on a sample. RESULTS: We find that a method based on a bidirectional long short-term memory network performs best with an average recall of 0.5435 when allowed to suggest 1 subject heading per sentence and 0.8954 when allowed to suggest 10 subject headings per sentence. However, other methods achieve comparable results. The manual analysis indicates that the predictions are better than what the automatic evaluation suggests. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that several of the tested methods perform well in suggesting the most appropriate subject headings on sentence level. Thus, we find it feasible to develop a text classification system that can support the use of standardized terminologies and save nurses time and effort on care documentation.

Measuring the effect of different types of unsupervised word representations on Medical Named Entity Recognition.

BACKGROUND: This work deals with Natural Language Processing applied to the clinical domain. Specifically, the work deals with a Medical Entity Recognition (MER) on Electronic Health Records (EHRs). Developing a MER system entailed heavy data preprocessing and feature engineering until Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) emerged. However, the quality of the word representations in terms of embedded layers is still an important issue for the inference of the DNNs. GOAL: The main goal of this work is to develop a robust MER system adapting general-purpose DNNs to cope with the high lexical variability shown in EHRs. In addition, given that EHRs tend to be scarce when there are out-domain corpora available, the aim is to assess the impact of the word representations on the performance of the MER as we move to other domains. In this line, exhaustive experimentation varying information generation methods and network parameters are crucial. METHODS: We adapted a general purpose sequential tagger based on Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory cells and Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) in order to make it tolerant to high lexical variability and a limited amount of corpora. To this end, we incorporated part of speech (POS) and semantic-tag embedding layers to the word representations. RESULTS: One of the strengths of this work is the exhaustive evaluation of dense word representations obtained varying not only the domain and genre but also the learning algorithms and their parameter settings. With the proposed method, we attained an error reduction of 1.71 (5.7%) compared to the state-of-the-art even that no preprocessing or feature engineering was used. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that dense representations built taking word order into account leverage the entity extraction system. Besides, we found that using a medical corpus (not necessarily EHRs) to infer the representations improves the performance, even if it does not correspond to the same genre.

Transfer Learning from BERT to Support Insertion of New Concepts into SNOMED CT.

With advances in Machine Learning (ML), neural network-based methods, such as Convolutional/Recurrent Neural Networks, have been proposed to assist terminology curators in the development and maintenance of terminologies. Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), a new language representation model, obtains state-of-the-art results on a wide array of general English NLP tasks. We explore BERT's applicability to medical terminology-related tasks. Utilizing the "next sentence prediction" capability of BERT, we show that the Fine-tuning strategy of Transfer Learning (TL) from the BERTBASE model can address a challenging problem in automatic terminology enrichment - insertion of new concepts. Adding a pre-training strategy enhances the results. We apply our strategies to the two largest hierarchies of SNOMED CT, with one release as training data and the following release as test data. The performance of the combined two proposed TL models achieves an average F1 score of 0.85 and 0.86 for the two hierarchies, respectively.

Tesauro Especializado en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano (TECMH) / Specialized Thesaurus in Human Science Movement (STHSM)

Resumen El TECMH ofrecerá a la comunidad científica léxicos documentales especializados y normalizados en lengua española, para mitigar su carencia en el área de las Ciencias del Movimiento Humano; en consecuencia, su objetivo es servir como un instrumento necesario para la asignación de términos normalizados durante el proceso de indización de la documentación técnica de las Ciencias del Movimiento Humano. El cuestionario, la observación y el análisis de contenido, distribuidos en siete herramientas, son técnicas que se aplicaron como metodología que permitieron la construcción del tesauro. Para demostrar el resultado final, su clase temática es: "Ciencias del Movimiento Humano", conformado por dieciséis diferentes categorías temáticas, para un total de 3.873 descriptores. En conclusión, el tesauro proporcionará descriptores normalizados, facilitará el proceso de indización de la producción documental en los centros documentales y apoyará la investigación en esta área.

Abstract The TECMH (Spanish acronym) will offer to the scientific community, specialized documentary lexicons and standardized in Spanish language, relieve this lack [of instruments] in the Human Sciences Movement field that exists today; its target is to provide the necessary instrument for the assignment of standardized terms, during the process of indexing the technical documentation of the Human Sciences Movement. The questionnaire, observation, and content analysis, distributed in seven tools, are techniques that were the applied methodology that allowed the construction of the thesaurus. To demonstrated the final outcome, its thematic class is "Human Sciences Movement", conformed by sixteen different thematic categories, for a total of 3873 descriptors. In conclusion, the thesaurus will provide standard descriptors, ease the process of indexing documentary production in documentary centers, and supports research in this field.

Searching Embase and MEDLINE by using only major descriptors or title and abstract fields: a prospective exploratory study.

BACKGROUND: Researchers performing systematic reviews (SRs) must carefully consider the relevance of thousands of citations retrieved from bibliographic database searches, the majority of which will be excluded later on close inspection. Well-developed bibliographic searches are generally created with thesaurus or index terms in combination with keywords found in the title and/or abstract fields of citation records. Records in the bibliographic database Embase contain many more thesaurus terms than MEDLINE. Here, we aim to examine how limiting searches to major thesaurus terms (in MEDLINE called focus terms) in Embase and MEDLINE as well as limiting to words in the title and abstract fields of those databases affects the overall recall of SR searches. METHODS: To examine the impact of using search techniques aimed at higher precision, we analyzed previously completed SRs and focused our original searches to major thesaurus terms or terms in title and/or abstract only in Embase.com or in Embase.com and MEDLINE (Ovid) combined. We examined the total number of search results in both Embase and MEDLINE and checked whether included references were retrieved by these more focused approaches. RESULTS: For 73 SRs, we limited Embase searches to major terms only while keeping the search in MEDLINE and other databases such as Web of Science as they were. The overall search yield (or total number of search results) was reduced by 8%. Six reviews (9%) lost more than 5% of the relevant references. Limiting Embase and MEDLINE to major thesaurus terms, the number of references was 13% lower. For 15% of the reviews, the loss of relevant references was more than 5%. Searching Embase for title and abstract caused a loss of more than 5% in 16 reviews (22%), while limiting Embase and MEDLINE that way this happened in 24 reviews (33%). CONCLUSIONS: Of the four search options, two options substantially reduced the overall search yield. However, this also resulted in a greater chance of losing relevant references, even though many references were still found in other databases such as Web of Science.