RESUMO
Unattended automatic office blood pressure measurement (uAOBP) is starting to become recognised as the preferred method of blood pressure measurement in practice. The body of evidence to support this position is growing. uAOBP decreases intra- and interobserver variability by reducing measurement error. In addition it reduces the white coat effect. Currently three protocols are validated and used the most, with different countries and/or settings preferring different protocols: BpTRU protocol, SPRINT protocol and 30-minute OBP protocol. In this overview all three protocols are discussed extensively based on current available evidence including pro and con's, accuracy and prognostic value.
Assuntos
Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Humanos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/normas , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Hipertensão do Jaleco Branco/diagnóstico , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/normasRESUMO
Accurate arm circumference (AC) measurement is required for accurate blood pressure (BP) readings. Standards stipulate measuring arm circumference at the midpoint between the acromion process (AP) and the olecranon process. However, which part of the AP to use is not stipulated. Furthermore, BP is measured sitting but arm circumference is measured standing. We sought to understand how landmarking during AC measurement and body position affect cuff size selection. Two variations in measurement procedure were studied. First, AC was measured at the top of the acromion (TOA) and compared to the spine of the acromion (SOA). Second, standing versus seated measurements using each landmark were compared. AC was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm at the mid-point of the upper arm by two independent observers, blinded from each other's measurements. In 51 participants, the mean (±SD) mid-AC measurement using the anchoring landmarks TOA and SOA in the standing position were 32.4 cm (±6.18) and 32.1 cm (±6.07), respectively (mean difference of 0.3 cm). In the seated position, mean arm circumference was 32.2 (±6.10) using TOA and 31.1 (±6.03) using SOA (mean difference 1.1 cm). Kappa agreement for cuff selection in the standing position between TOA and SOA was 0.94 (p < 0.001). The landmark on the acromion process can change the cuff selection in a small percentage of cases. The overall impact of this landmark selection is small. However, standardizing landmark selection and body position for AC measurement could further reduce variability in cuff size selection during BP measurement and validation studies.
Assuntos
Braço , Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Humanos , Braço/anatomia & histologia , Masculino , Feminino , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/instrumentação , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/normas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Pontos de Referência Anatômicos , Idoso , Postura/fisiologia , Antropometria/métodos , Acrômio/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
CONTEXT: Self-measured blood pressure monitoring (SMBP) with clinical support is effective at reducing blood pressure for people with hypertension. Although strengths and challenges around SMBP are well-documented, few studies describe the complexities of real-world implementation of SMBP with clinical support in the Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) setting. PROGRAM: Between 2019 and 2023, the Ohio Department of Health funded the Ohio Association of Community Health Centers to manage a multiyear quality improvement (QI) project with 21 FQHCs. The project aimed to improve the identification and management of patients with hypertension, diabetes, and prediabetes. This study focuses on the activities implemented to provide SMBP support to patients with hypertension. IMPLEMENTATION: FQHCs implemented clinical SMBP support using multiple roles, approaches, and resources. FQHCs established a process to identify patients eligible for SMBP support, provide blood pressure monitors, train patients on SMBP, track blood pressure readings, follow up with patients, and connect patients to resources. EVALUATION: External evaluators interviewed 13 staff members within seven FQHCs from the QI project. Interviewed FQHCs were located across Ohio and represented urban, rural, suburban, and Appalachian areas. Clinical activities to support SMBP, facilitators, and barriers were identified with thematic analysis. The National Association of Community Health Centers SMBP Implementation Toolkit was used as a framework to assess SMBP activities. Facilitators included team-based care, health information technology capacity, funding for blood pressure monitors and staff time, leadership and staff support, and external support. Barriers included technology challenges, staffing shortages, low patient engagement, sustainability, and the COVID-19 pandemic. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates how FQHCs can use a variety of staff, processes, and resources to implement clinical SMBP support across a range of geographic regions. To facilitate this, FQHCs and patients may need more comprehensive insurance coverage of blood pressure monitors, reimbursement for staff time, and technology support.
Assuntos
Hipertensão , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Humanos , Ohio , Hipertensão/terapia , Melhoria de Qualidade , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/estatística & dados numéricos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/normas , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/instrumentação , Autocuidado/métodosAssuntos
Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez , Aplicativos Móveis , Período Pós-Parto , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Aplicativos Móveis/normas , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/diagnóstico , Adulto , Período Pós-Parto/fisiologia , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/normas , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Arterial pressure monitoring and management are mainstays of haemodynamic therapy in patients having surgery. This article presents updated consensus statements and recommendations on perioperative arterial pressure management developed during the 11th POQI PeriOperative Quality Initiative (POQI) consensus conference held in London, UK, on June 4-6, 2023, which included a diverse group of international experts. Based on a modified Delphi approach, we recommend keeping intraoperative mean arterial pressure ≥60 mm Hg in at-risk patients. We further recommend increasing mean arterial pressure targets when venous or compartment pressures are elevated and treating hypotension based on presumed underlying causes. When intraoperative hypertension is treated, we recommend doing so carefully to avoid hypotension. Clinicians should consider continuous intraoperative arterial pressure monitoring as it can help reduce the severity and duration of hypotension compared to intermittent arterial pressure monitoring. Postoperative hypotension is often unrecognised and might be more important than intraoperative hypotension because it is often prolonged and untreated. Future research should focus on identifying patient-specific and organ-specific hypotension harm thresholds and optimal treatment strategies for intraoperative hypotension including choice of vasopressors. Research is also needed to guide monitoring and management strategies for recognising, preventing, and treating postoperative hypotension.
Assuntos
Pressão Arterial , Consenso , Hipotensão , Assistência Perioperatória , Humanos , Pressão Arterial/fisiologia , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/normas , Hipotensão/diagnóstico , Hipotensão/terapia , Hipotensão/prevenção & controle , Complicações Intraoperatórias/prevenção & controle , Complicações Intraoperatórias/terapia , Complicações Intraoperatórias/diagnóstico , Monitorização Intraoperatória/métodos , Monitorização Intraoperatória/normas , Assistência Perioperatória/métodos , Assistência Perioperatória/normas , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnósticoRESUMO
Over the past 3 decades, a substantial body of high-quality evidence has guided the diagnosis and management of elevated blood pressure (BP) in the outpatient setting. In contrast, there is a lack of comparable evidence for guiding the management of elevated BP in the acute care setting, resulting in significant practice variation. Throughout this scientific statement, we use the terms acute care and inpatient to refer to care received in the emergency department and after admission to the hospital. Elevated inpatient BP is common and can manifest either as asymptomatic or with signs of new or worsening target-organ damage, a condition referred to as hypertensive emergency. Hypertensive emergency involves acute target-organ damage and should be treated swiftly, usually with intravenous antihypertensive medications, in a closely monitored setting. However, the risk-benefit ratio of initiating or intensifying antihypertensive medications for asymptomatic elevated inpatient BP is less clear. Despite this ambiguity, clinicians prescribe oral or intravenous antihypertensive medications in approximately one-third of cases of asymptomatic elevated inpatient BP. Recent observational studies have suggested potential harms associated with treating asymptomatic elevated inpatient BP, which brings current practice into question. Despite the ubiquity of elevated inpatient BPs, few position papers, guidelines, or consensus statements have focused on improving BP management in the acute care setting. Therefore, this scientific statement aims to synthesize the available evidence, provide suggestions for best practice based on the available evidence, identify evidence-based gaps in managing elevated inpatient BP (asymptomatic and hypertensive emergency), and highlight areas requiring further research.
Assuntos
American Heart Association , Anti-Hipertensivos , Hipertensão , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão/terapia , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Estados Unidos , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/normasAssuntos
Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial , Hipertensão , Humanos , Brasil , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/normas , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/normas , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Visita a Consultório Médico , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , FemininoRESUMO
No consensus has emerged among different guidelines concerning how many blood pressure (BP) measurements should be performed at office visits in the diagnosis of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to examine the compatibility of various multiple average office BP measurements and 24-h BP monitoring (ABPM) in patients followed up in the posthoc analysis of the Cappadocia hypertension cohort. A total 1158 office BP measurements by 207 patients were examined. The results were then classified as G1 (average of the 1st and 2nd BP), G2 (average of the 2nd and 3rd), G3 (average of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th), G4 (average of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th), and G5 (average of all five measurements). Compatibility between the average values in the groups and concomitant 24-h ABPM data was examined. While a significant difference was observed between daytime 24-h ABPM SBP and G1 (p = .002), no difference was found in the other groups. Office DBP approached the daytime 24-h ABPM values as the number of measurements in the five groups increased, although average office DBP data in all groups were higher than daytime 24-h ABPM DBP (p = .000 for all). In light of our study results, we recommend that three office BP measurements be performed and that the average of the 2nd and 3rd measurements be used for SBP, while in terms of DBP, we recommend that as many measurements as possible be taken without the 1st value being included in the average.
Assuntos
Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial , Pressão Sanguínea , Hipertensão , Visita a Consultório Médico , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Masculino , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/normas , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Visita a Consultório Médico/estatística & dados numéricos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/normas , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Idoso , AdultoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the single upper-arm cuff oscillometric blood pressure (BP) monitor RBP-9801 developed for office and home BP measurement in the general population according to the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/European Society of Hypertension/International Organization for Standardization (AAMI/ESH/ISO) Universal Standard (ISO 81060-2:2018). Subjects were recruited to fulfil the age, gender, BP and cuff distribution criteria of the AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard in general population using the same arm sequential BP measurement method. A total of 105 subjects were recruited and 85 were analyzed. For validation criterion 1, the mean ± SD of the differences between the test device and reference BP readings was 2.3 ± 6.4/3.1 ± 5.8 mmHg (systolic/diastolic). For criterion 2, the SD of the mean BP differences between the test device and reference BP per subject was 5.24/5.03 mmHg (systolic/diastolic). The conclusion is that the RBP-9801 oscillometric device for office and home BP measurement fulfilled all the requirements of the AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard (ISO 81060-2:2018) in the general population and can be recommended for clinic and self-use at home.
Assuntos
Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Hipertensão , Oscilometria , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oscilometria/instrumentação , Oscilometria/normas , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/instrumentação , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/normas , Adulto , Monitores de Pressão Arterial/normas , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Idoso , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/instrumentação , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/normas , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
We aimed to validate the accuracy of the Mindray VS9 Vital Signs Monitor, which features the Mindray TrueBP inflation algorithm for oscillometric blood pressure (BP) measurement, to check if it complies with the International Organization for Standardization Standard (ISO 81060-2:2018) in a combined adult and pediatric population. A total of 86 participants, including both adult and pediatric subjects, were recruited. The distribution of their ages, gender, BPs and limb sizes all complied with the requirement of the ISO standard. The inflation and deflation algorithms were validated independently using the same-arm sequential BP measurement method. For each subject, the BP was first determined by two independent observers using a mercury sphygmomanometer (R1). The BP of the subject was then determined by the third observer using the test equipment (T1). Then, using a mercury sphygmomanometer, two independent observers were asked to determine the subject's BP (R2) again. R1-T1-R2 were considered a valid pair of data. This cycle continued until 3 pairs of valid data were achieved. We collected 258 pairs of valid BP data for the validation of the inflation and deflation algorithms respectively. For validation Criterion 1, the mean ± SD of the differences between the readings obtained from the test device and reference BP was 0.0â ±â 6.6/-1.8â ±â 7.1â mmHg (systolic/diastolic) when the deflation algorithm was used, and 2.4â ±â 6.3/ 0.3â ±â 6.9â mmHg (systolic/diastolic) when the inflation algorithm was used. For validation Criterion 2, the SD of the averaged BP differences between the test device and the reference BP per subject was 5.35/6.33â mmHg (systolic/diastolic) when the deflation algorithm was used, and 5.17/5.75â mmHg (systolic/diastolic) when the inflation algorithm was used. The VS9 Vital Signs Monitor fulfilled all the criteria in the ISO Standard. Moreover, the inflation algorithm had a shorter Measure Time (by 7-21â s) and lower maximum inflation pressure (by 9.7-22â mmHg). The VS9 Vital Signs Monitor fulfilled all the requirements of the ISO Standard (ISO 81060-2:2018) in a combined adult and pediatric population and is recommended for clinical use.
Assuntos
Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Humanos , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/instrumentação , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/normas , Algoritmos , Idoso , Pressão Sanguínea , Monitores de Pressão Arterial/normas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affect approximately 15% of pregnancies in the United States and are a leading cause of postpartum readmissions. Morbidity due to hypertension may be higher in the first several weeks postpartum. The ability to monitor blood pressure and intervene in the postpartum period is critical to reducing morbidity and mortality. LOCAL PROBLEM: At WellSpan Health, hypertensive disorders were increasing and a leading cause of severe maternal morbidity and readmission. INTERVENTIONS: A remote blood pressure monitoring app called BabyScripts™ myBloodPressure was implemented in September 2020. Prior to discharge postpartum, all patients with a diagnosis of a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy were given an automatic blood pressure cuff and instructions on how to monitor and track their blood pressure daily in the app. RESULTS: A total of 1,260 patients were enrolled in the BabyScripts™ myBloodPressure module between September 2020 and July 2022 across five maternity hospitals. Of those enrolled 74% ( n = 938) entered seven or more blood pressures, and of those who entered at least one blood pressure 9% ( n = 107) entered at least one critical range blood pressure ( ≥ 150 mmHg systolic and or ≥ 100 mmHg diastolic). CONCLUSION: Most women enrolled in the app were highly engaged and entered seven or more readings. Patients with critical blood pressures were identified; thus, the program has the potential to identify those at risk of severe complications. Barriers should be removed, and remote patient monitoring considered as a solution to improve postpartum assessment in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Assuntos
Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez , Aplicativos Móveis , Período Pós-Parto , Humanos , Feminino , Aplicativos Móveis/normas , Aplicativos Móveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Gravidez , Adulto , Período Pós-Parto/fisiologia , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/diagnóstico , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/normas , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/estatística & dados numéricos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/instrumentação , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/estatística & dados numéricos , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/instrumentação , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/normasRESUMO
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension in childhood convey risk for hypertension and cardiovascular events in adulthood. Early recognition of abnormal BPs is key to preventing or lessening this risk. However, the process for making the diagnosis of hypertension is complex, and overall adherence to the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) is poor. We will review obstacles to adherence to the CPG and approaches designed to improve the diagnosis and management of hypertension in children. RECENT FINDINGS: Baseline data from the multi-center quality improvement intervention, "Boosting Primary Care Awareness and Treatment of Hypertension" (BP-CATCH), demonstrate that childhood hypertension remains underdiagnosed. Other studies confirm a lack of compliance with the process outlined in the CPG. The provision of electronic prompts, coaching, and education results in modest improvements. The combination of embedded medical record tools and education seems to offer the most hope for improvement.
Assuntos
Hipertensão , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/terapia , Criança , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/normas , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the agreement and accuracy of triage blood pressure (BP) in a real-world clinic setting, compared with the reference standard. STUDY DESIGN: Paired triage and standardized BP measurements from patients 4 through 21 years old evaluated in an obesity-related hypertension clinic were obtained via chart-review. Triage BPs were measured by a medical assistant or nurse, often by automated device. Triplicate manual BPs were obtained by the clinic physician. Bland-Altman analyses determined mean differences between paired triage and mean standardized BPs. GEE-based multivariable relative risk (RR) regression determined the RR of triage BP overestimation by ≥ 5 mmHg. Overall agreement, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of triage BP measurements identifying hypertensive BP were determined. RESULTS: One hundred thirty participants with 347 clinic encounters were included. Mean age was 13.3 years (SD 3.94), 76% were Black, and 58% were male. Overall mean systolic and diastolic BP difference was 8.7 mmHg (95% limits on agreement: -16.66, 34.07) and 4.1 mmHg (95% limits on agreement: -18.56, 26.68), respectively. Triage systolic BP was more likely overestimated by ≥ 5 mmHg when a large adult (RR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.21) or thigh cuff (RR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.51) was required compared with when a child/adult cuff was required. Overall agreement in identifying hypertensive BP was 57.6%. Sensitivity (52.6%), specificity (63.4%), positive predictive value (60.8%), and negative predictive value (55.3%) were low across all cuffs. CONCLUSIONS: There was poor agreement between usual triage and standardized BP measurements, with potential for significant clinical implications. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ReNEW Clinic Cohort Study (ReNEW), NCT03816462, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03816462.
Assuntos
Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Hipertensão , Triagem , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/normas , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Triagem/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To validate the noninvasive blood pressure monitoring function of the EDAN elite V5 patient monitor with reference invasive blood pressure monitoring equipment for clinical use in adults, adolescents or children according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 81060-2:2018 standard. METHODS: Patients were recruited, and the ipsilateral sequential method was used for blood pressure measurement according to the standard. The validation results were assessed following the protocol and the Bland-Altman scatterplot was used to show the difference between the test device and reference invasive blood pressure results. RESULTS: A total of 71 patients were included in the study, with 35 and 36 patients for each iFAST and iCUFS mode, respectively. The validation results showed an average device-reference difference of -3.27â ±â 5.60â mmHg for SBP and -0.09â ±â 6.10â mmHg for DBP for the iFAST mode, and -2.04â ±â 5.55â mmHg for SBP and -0.79â ±â 5.86â mmHg for DBP for the iCUFS mode, respectively, which passed the criteria of the ISO 81060-2â :â 2018 in adults, adolescents or children population for both SBP and DBP. CONCLUSION: The noninvasive blood pressure monitoring function of the EDAN elite V5 patient monitor passed all the requirements of ISO 81060-2:2018 and can be recommended for clinical use in adults, adolescents, or children.
Assuntos
Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Adolescente , Criança , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/instrumentação , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/normas , Idoso , Monitores de Pressão Arterial/normas , Pressão SanguíneaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Normative blood pressure (BP) values and definition of hypertension (HTN) in children in outpatient setting cannot be reliably used for inpatient therapy initiation. No normative exists to describe HTN in hospitalized pediatric populations. We aimed to study the prevalence of hypertension and produce normative BP values in hospitalized children. METHODS: Cross sectional observational study of all children hospitalized on acute care floors, ≥2 and <18 years age, at Stanford Children's Hospital, from Jan-01-2014 to Dec-31-2018. Cohort included 7468 hospital encounters with a total of 118,423 automated, oscillometric, BPs measured in the upper extremity during a hospitalization of >24 hours. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of HTN, defined by outpatient guidelines, was 12-48% in boys and 6-39% in girls, stage 1 systolic HTN in 12-38% of boys and 6-31% of girls, stage 2 systolic HTN in 3-10% of boys and 1-8% of girls. Centile curves were derived demonstrating overall higher BP reading for hospitalized patients compared to the outpatient setting. CONCLUSION: Higher blood pressures are anticipated during hospitalization. Thresholds provided by the centile curves generated in this study may provide the clinician with some guidance on how to manage hospitalized pediatric patients based on clinical circumstances. IMPACT: Hospitalized children have higher blood pressures compared to patients in the ambulatory setting, hence outpatient normative blood pressure values cannot be reliably used for inpatient therapy initiation. No normative exists to describe hypertension in hospitalized pediatric populations. The thresholds provided by the centile curves generated in this study may provide the clinician with some guidance on how to manage hospitalized pediatric patients based on clinical circumstances.
Assuntos
Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Pressão Sanguínea , Hospitalização , Hipertensão , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , Valores de Referência , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/normas , Sístole , PrevalênciaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: to compare blood pressure values obtained by auscultatory and oscillometric methods in different gestational periods, considering cuff width. Method: it is a cross-sectional and quasi-experimental study approved by the Research Ethics Committee. The sample consisted of 108 low-risk pregnant women. Blood pressure measurements were performed in gestational periods of 10-14, 19-22 and 27-30 weeks. Results: The oscillometric device presented values similar to the auscultatory method in systolic blood pressure, but overestimated diastolic blood pressure. Underestimation of blood pressure occurred when using the standard width cuff rather than the correct width cuff in both measuring methods. Conclusion: Verification of brachial circumference and use of adequate cuffs in both methods are indispensable to obtain reliable blood pressure values in pregnant women. We recommend performance of additional studies to evaluate diastolic blood pressure overestimation by the Microlife 3BTO-A.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Comparar los valores de presión arterial obtenidos por los métodos auscultatorio e oscilométrico en distintos períodos del embarazo, en función del ancho del manguito. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal y cuasiexperimental aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Se analizó una muestra compuesta por 108 embarazadas de bajo riesgo. Las medidas de presión arterial se obtuvieron en los períodos gestacionales de 10-14, 19-22 y 27-30 semanas. Resultados: El aparato oscilométrico presentó valores similares al método auscultatorio en la presión arterial sistólica, sin embargo sobreestimó la presión arterial diastólica. Hubo subestimación de la presión arterial al utilizar el manguito de anchura estándar en lugar del manguito de anchura adecuada, en los dos métodos de medida. Conclusión: La verificación de la circunferencia braquial y el uso de manguitos adecuados en los dos métodos son indispensables para obtener valores confiables de la presión arterial en embarazadas. Recomendamos que se realicen nuevos estudios para evaluar la sobreestimación de la presión arterial diastólica por el aparato Microlife 3BTO-A.
RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar os valores de pressão arterial, obtidos pelos métodos auscultatório e oscilométrico em diferentes períodos gestacionais, em função da largura do manguito. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e quase-experimental aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. A amostra foi composta por 108 gestantes de baixo risco. As medidas de pressão arterial foram realizadas nos períodos gestacionais de 10-14, 19-22 e 27-30 semanas. Resultados: O aparelho oscilométrico apresentou valores similares ao método auscultatório na pressão arterial sistólica, porém superestimou a pressão arterial diastólica. Houve subestimação da pressão arterial ao utilizar o manguito de largura padrão ao invés do manguito de largura correta, nos dois métodos. Conclusão: A verificação da circunferência braquial e o uso de manguitos adequados nos dois métodos são indispensáveis para obter valores confiáveis da pressão arterial em gestantes. Recomendamos que novos estudos sejam realizados para avaliar a superestimação da pressão arterial diastólica pelo aparelho Microlife 3BTO-A.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Oscilometria/instrumentação , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/instrumentação , Gestantes , Oscilometria/métodos , Oscilometria/normas , Auscultação/instrumentação , Auscultação/métodos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/normas , Estudos Transversais , Idade Gestacional , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare different methods of screening for blood pressure disorders in children and adolescents. METHOD: A database with 17,083 medical records of patients from a pediatric cardiology clinic was used. After analyzing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 5,650 were selected. These were divided into two age groups: between 5 and 13 years and between 13 and 18 years. The blood pressure measurement was classified as normal, pre-hypertensive, or hypertensive, consistent with recent guidelines and the selected screening methods. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were then calculated according to gender and age range. RESULTS: The formulas proposed by Somu and Ardissino's table showed low sensitivity in identifying pre-hypertension in all age groups, whereas the table proposed by Kaelber showed the best results. The ratio between blood pressure and height showed low specificity in the younger age group, but showed good performance in adolescents. CONCLUSION: Screening tools used for the assessment of blood pressure disorders in children and adolescents may be useful to decrease the current rate of underdiagnosis of this condition. The table proposed by Kaelber showed the best results; however, the ratio between BP and height demonstrated specific advantages, as it does not require tables. .
OBJETIVO: Comparar diferentes métodos de rastreamento para distúrbios da pressão arterial em crianças e adolescentes. MÉTODO: Foi usado um banco de dados com 17.083 prontuários de pacientes de uma clínica de cardiologia pediátrica. Após análise dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 5.650 foram selecionados. Esses foram divididos em duas faixas etárias: entre cinco e 13 anos e entre 13 e 18 anos De acordo com a aferição, a pressão arterial era classificada como normal, pré-hipertensiva ou hipertensiva de acordo com guidelines recentes e os métodos de rastreamento selecionados. Posteriormente, foram calculadas a sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia de cada um de acordo com o gênero e faixa etária. RESULTADOS: As fórmulas de Somu e a tabela proposta por Ardissino apresentaram baixa sensibilidade na identificação de pré-hipertensão em todas as faixas etárias, enquanto a tabela proposta por Kaelber apresentou os melhores resultados. A razão entre pressão arterial e altura apresentou baixa especificidade na faixa etária menor, mas apresentou bom desempenho em adolescentes. CONCLUSÃO: As ferramentas de rastreamento para distúrbios da pressão arterial em crianças e adolescentes podem ser úteis para diminuir o subdiagnóstico que ocorre atualmente nessa condição. A tabela proposta por Kaelber apresentou os melhores resultados, entretanto a razão entre PA e altura apresenta vantagens específicas, como a não necessidade de tabelas. .
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pressão Sanguínea , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/normas , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Pré-Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Fatores Etários , Estatura , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Valores de Referência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Objective: To validate an instrument for assessment of knowledge of nursing students about the blood pressure measurement. Method: methodological study conducted with 27 judges nurses, teachers of the discipline of semiology and/or semiotics, with at least 1 year of experience in the disciplines, in three stages: literature review for the development of the knowledge questionnaire, submission to the judges; and content validation by the Kappa index, accepting the value> 0,61, and content Validity Index (CVI )> 0,75. Results: The 12 questions obtained Kappa and CVI within the parameters established for content validity, 7 showed perfect concordance index and 5 required modifications. Conclusion: It was not necessary remove questions of the instrument, which expresses that they have representation and extension about the domain of interest, facilitating the assessment of knowledge.
Objetivo: Validar um instrumento para avaliação sobre o conhecimento dos graduandos de enfermagem acerca da medida da pressão arterial. Método: Estudo metodológico, desenvolvido com 27 enfermeiros juízes, docentes da disciplina de semiologia e/ou semiotécnica, com no mínimo 1 ano de experiência nas disciplinas, em três etapas: levantamento da literatura para a elaboração do questionário do conhecimento; submissão aos juízes; e validação de conteúdo mediante o Índice Kappa, aceitando-se o valor > 0,61, e Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) > 0,75. Resultados: As 12 questões obtiveram Kappa e IVC dentro dos parâmetros estabelecidos para a validade de conteúdo, 7 apresentaram índice de concordância perfeito e 5 exigiam alterações. Conclusão: Não foi necessária a retirada de questões do instrumento, o que expressa que elas apresentam representatividade e extensão acerca do domínio de interesse, favorecendo a avaliação do conhecimento.
Objetivo: Validar instrumento para la evaluación de los conocimientos de los estudiantes de enfermería acerca de la medición de la presión arterial. Método: Estudio metodológico llevado a cabo con 27 jueces enfermeras, maestros de la disciplina de la semiótica y/o la semiótica, con al menos 1 año de experiencia en las disciplinas, en tres etapas: revisión de la literatura para el desarrollo del cuestionario de conocimientos, la sumisión a los jueces y validación de contenido mediante del índice de Kappa, aceptando el valor>0,61 y contenido Índice de Validez (CIV )>0,75 . Resultados: Las 12 preguntas obtenidas Kappa y CIV dentro de los parámetros establecidos para la validez de contenido, 7 mostraron índice de concordancia perfecta y 5 modificaciones requeridas . Conclusión: No fue necesario retirar las preguntas del instrumento, el cual expresa que tienen representación y extensión sobre el dominio de interés, lo que facilita la evaluación del conocimiento.