Tuberculosis laríngea secundaria a foco pulmonar primario inadvertido: caso clínico / Laryngeal tuberculosis secondary to an inadvertent primary pulmonary focus: clinical case

Introducción: La tuberculosis laríngea es una entidad sumamente rara en países del primer mundo, sin embargo, en nuestro medio no es extraño, como país latinoamericano, sospechar esta patología como una de las causas de disfonía y lesiones granulomatosas en la actualidad. La tuberculosis laríngea debe considerarse dentro de las patologías en pacientes con disfonía de larga evolución que no responden al tratamiento común, esta entidad puede ser confundida con neoplasias. Reporte de caso: Se presenta el caso de una mujer en la cuarta década de la vida con disfonía crónica de 6 meses de evolución, que fue remitida para laringoscopia. Se localizaron neoformaciones granulomatosas acompañadas de edema en ambas cuerdas vocales, sometidas a biopsia, con resultados con la tinción de hematoxilina-eosina de células gigantes multinucleadas de Langhans y la tinción Zielh-Nielsen fue positiva para bacilo alcohol ácido resistente. La radiografía de tórax mostró lesiones reticulonodulares sugestivas de tuberculosis pulmonar. Conclusión: Un alto nivel de sospecha y un diagnóstico temprano pueden limitar las complicaciones y facilitar un manejo oportuno de estos casos. Es necesario sospechar de tuberculosis laríngea en pacientes que presentan disfonía crónica, especialmente cuando se asocia con síntomas constitucionales, aunque no siempre los presentan, por otro lado, en algunos casos, no existe asociación con inmunodeficiencia.

Introduction: Laryngeal tuberculosis is an extremely rare entity in first world countries, however, it is not strange in our environment as a Latin American country to suspect this pathology as one of the causes of dysphonia and granulomatous lesions today. Laryngeal tuberculosis should be considered within the pathologies in patients with long-standing dysphonia that do not respond to common treatment, this entity can be confused with neoplasms. Case report: We present the case of a female in the fourth decade of life with chronic dysphonia of six months of evolution, who was referred for laryngoscopy, granulomatous neoformations accompanied by edema in both vocal cords were located, subjected to biopsy with results with hematoxylin staining. Langhans multinucleated giant cell eosin and Zielh-Nielsen staining were positive for acid-fast bacillus. Chest X-ray showed reticule-nodular lesions suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: A high level of suspicion and an early diagnosis can limit complications and facilitate timely management of these cases. It is necessary to suspect laryngeal tuberculosis in patients with chronic dysphonia, especially when associated with constitutional symptoms, although they do not always present them; on the other hand, in some cases, there is no association with immunodeficiency

Pseudomonas laryngeal perichondritis: unexpected diagnosis.

A 57-year-old male chronic smoker with underlying diabetes mellitus presented with dysphonia associated with cough, dysphagia and reduced effort tolerance of 3 months' duration. Videoendoscope finding revealed bilateral polypoidal and erythematous true and false vocal fold with small glottic airway. The patient was initially treated as having tuberculous laryngitis and started on antituberculous drug. However, no improvement was observed. CT of the neck showed erosion of thyroid cartilage, which points to laryngeal carcinoma as a differential diagnosis. However, the erosion was more diffuse and appeared systemic in origin. The diagnosis of laryngeal perichondritis was made when the histopathological examination revealed features of inflammation, and the tracheal aspirate isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa The patient made a good recovery following treatment with oral ciprofloxacin.

Laryngeal involvement causing dysphonia in a 29 year old nursing mother with lepromatous leprosy.

Leprosy is a granulomatous disease that mainly affects the skin and peripheral nerves. It is caused by infection with mycobacterium leprae or mycobacterium lepromatosus. In most instances, diagnosis of leprosy can easily be made based on the clinical signs and symptoms. However, when patients present with atypical features, clinical diagnosis can be a challenge. We report a case of a nursing mother with lepromatous leprosy who presented with dysphonia and skin lesions initially thought to be a deep cutaneous mycosis.