RESUMO
White chick hatchery disease is an emerging disease of broiler chicks with which the virus, chicken astrovirus, has been associated. Adult birds typically show no obvious clinical signs of infection, although some broiler breeder flocks have experienced slight egg drops. Substantial decreases in hatching are experienced over a two-week period, with an increase in mid-to-late embryo deaths, chicks too weak to hatch and pale, runted chicks with high mortality. Chicken astrovirus is an enteric virus, and strains are typically transmitted horizontally within flocks via the faecal-oral route; however, dead-in-shell embryos and weak, pale hatchlings indicate vertical transmission of the strains associated with white chick hatchery disease. Hatch levels are typically restored after two weeks when seroconversion of the hens to chicken astrovirus has occurred. Currently, there are no commercial vaccines available for the virus; therefore, the only means of protection is by good levels of biosecurity. This review aims to outline the current understanding regarding white chick hatchery disease in broiler chick flocks suffering from severe early mortality and increased embryo death in countries worldwide.
Assuntos
Infecções por Astroviridae/veterinária , Avastrovirus , Galinhas , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Infecções por Astroviridae/fisiopatologia , Infecções por Astroviridae/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Astroviridae/virologia , Avastrovirus/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/fisiopatologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/prevenção & controle , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/virologia , Progressão da Doença , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/fisiopatologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/prevenção & controle , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/virologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACTSeveral nairo-like viruses have been discovered in ticks in recent years, but their relevance to public health remains unknown. Here, we found a patient who had a history of tick bite and suffered from a febrile illness was infected with a previously discovered RNA virus, Beiji nairovirus (BJNV), in the nairo-like virus group of the order Bunyavirales. We isolated the virus by cell culture assay. BJNV could induce cytopathic effects in the baby hamster kidney and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Negative-stain electron microscopy revealed enveloped and spherical viral particles, morphologically similar to those of nairoviruses. We identified 67 patients as BJNV infection in 2017-2018. The median age of patients was 48 years (interquartile range 41-53 years); the median incubation period was 7 days (interquartile range 3-12 days). Most patients were men (70%), and a few (10%) had underlying diseases. Common symptoms of infected patients included fever (100%), headache (99%), depression (63%), coma (63%), and fatigue (54%), myalgia or arthralgia (45%); two (3%) patients became critically ill and one died. BJNV could cause growth retardation, viremia and histopathological changes in infected suckling mice. BJNV was also detected in sheep, cattle, and multiple tick species. These findings demonstrated that the newly discovered nairo-like virus may be associated with a febrile illness, with the potential vectors of ticks and reservoirs of sheep and cattle, highlighting its public health significance and necessity of further investigation in the tick-endemic areas worldwide.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bunyaviridae/virologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/virologia , Nairovirus , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/virologia , Adulto , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/fisiopatologia , China/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/imunologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Febre , Genoma Viral , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nairovirus/classificação , Nairovirus/genética , Nairovirus/imunologia , Nairovirus/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/imunologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/fisiopatologia , Carrapatos/virologia , ViremiaRESUMO
Mayaro virus (MAYV; family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus) is an emerging global threat that can cause severe clinical manifestations similar to Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. Currently, there is a lack of molecular tools to enable a better understanding of the transmission and pathogenesis of MAYV. Here, we detail the development and characterization of infectious clones of two strains of MAYV that produce infectious virus and replicate in mammalian and mosquito cells similarly to wild-type virus. Additionally, clone-derived viruses produced identical infection rates and phenotypes in CD-1 mice compared to the parental strains. This infectious clone system will provide a resource to the research community to analyze MAYV genetic determinants of virulence, determine vector competence, and develop vaccines.
Assuntos
Alphavirus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Alphavirus/genética , DNA Complementar/genética , DNA Viral/genética , Genética Reversa/métodos , Vacinas Virais/isolamento & purificação , Alphavirus/imunologia , Alphavirus/patogenicidade , Infecções por Alphavirus/fisiopatologia , Infecções por Alphavirus/prevenção & controle , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Clonagem Molecular , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/fisiopatologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/prevenção & controle , Culicidae , DNA Complementar/isolamento & purificação , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Camundongos , Vacinologia/métodos , Vacinas Virais/genética , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Virologia/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Oropouche fever is an under-reported and emerging infectious disease caused by Oropouche virus (OROV). Its incidence is under-estimated mainly due to clinical similarities with other endemic arboviral diseases and the lack of specific diagnostic tests. We report the first outbreak of Oropouche fever in a western region of the Peruvian Amazon in Huanuco, Peru. METHODS: A transversal study was carried out during an outbreak in the western Region of Huanuco, Peru between January and July of 2016. Blood samples of 268 patients with acute febrile syndrome were collected and analyzed for OROV via RT- PCR and genetic sequencing. RESULTS: Of all 268 patients, 46 (17%) cases tested positive for OROV. The most common symptoms reported were headache with a frequency of 87% (n = 40) followed by myalgia with 76% (n = 35), arthralgia with 65.2% (n = 30), retro-ocular pain 60.8% (n = 28) and hyporexia with 50% (n = 23). Some patients showed a clinical presentation suggestive of severe OROV infection, of which 4.3% (n = 2) had low platelet count, 8.6% (n = 4) had intense abdominal pain, and 2.1% (n = 1) had a presentation with thoracic pain. CONCLUSION: This study reports an outbreak of OROV in a region where this virus was not previously identified. The disease caused by OROV is an emerging, underdiagnosed infection that requires further research to determine its virulence, pathogenesis, host range and vectors involved in the urban and sylvatic cycles as well as identifying new genotypes to implement sensitive and specific diagnostic tools that can be applied to endemic regions.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Infecções por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Orthohantavírus , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/fisiopatologia , Surtos de Doenças , Feminino , Febre/epidemiologia , Febre/virologia , Genótipo , Orthohantavírus/classificação , Orthohantavírus/genética , Infecções por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Hantavirus/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Peru/epidemiologia , RNA Viral , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Adulto JovemRESUMO
With population shifts, increased travel, and climate change, the spread of emerging and re-emerging infections is increasing. Although encountering a patient with an emerging infection on any given emergency department shift is unlikely, missing a diagnosis could have profound consequences for the patient, healthcare workers, and the patient's close contacts. This review provides a framework to evaluate, diagnose, and treat a returning traveler with suspected Middle East respiratory syndrome, chikungunya virus, or Zika virus-3 recently emerged infections. All may present with nonspecific viral-like symptoms and are easily missed if an appropriate travel history is not obtained. A high level of vigilance and proper disposition will enable the emergency clinician to effectively diagnose, manage, and contain these diseases. [Points & Pearls is a digest of Emergency Medicine Practice.].
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/terapia , Medicina de Emergência/métodos , Febre de Chikungunya/diagnóstico , Febre de Chikungunya/fisiopatologia , Febre de Chikungunya/terapia , Vírus Chikungunya/patogenicidade , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/fisiopatologia , Coronavirus/patogenicidade , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/fisiopatologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/terapia , Medicina de Emergência/tendências , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/organização & administração , Humanos , Zika virus/patogenicidade , Infecção por Zika virus/diagnóstico , Infecção por Zika virus/fisiopatologia , Infecção por Zika virus/terapiaRESUMO
Oropouche virus is the aetiological agent of Oropouche fever, a zoonotic disease mainly transmitted by midges of the species Culicoides paraensis. Although the virus was discovered in 1955, more attention has been given recently to both the virus and the disease due to outbreaks of Oropouche fever in different areas of Brazil and Peru. Serological studies in human and wild mammals have also found Oropouche virus in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador. Several mammals act as reservoirs of the disease, although the sylvatic cycle of Oropouche virus remains to be assessed properly. Oropouche fever lacks key symptoms to be differentiated from other arboviral febrile illnesses from the Americas. Sporadic cases of aseptic meningitis have also been described with good prognosis. Habitat loss can increase the likelihood of Oropouche virus emergence in the short-term in South America.
Assuntos
Arbovírus/fisiologia , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Orthobunyavirus/fisiologia , Animais , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/fisiopatologia , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/transmissão , Ceratopogonidae/virologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/fisiopatologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/transmissão , Humanos , Insetos Vetores/virologia , América do Sul/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/diagnóstico , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/fisiopatologia , Zoonoses/transmissãoRESUMO
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a newly recognized hemorrhagic fever disease found throughout Asia with a case fatality rate between 12% and 30%. Since 2009, SFTS has been reported in China throughout 14 Chinese Provinces. In addition, SFTS has been recognized in South Korea and Japan with the first confirmed cases reported in 2012. A similar disease, caused by the closely related Heartland virus, was also reported in the United States in 2009. SFTS is caused by SFTS virus, a novel tick-borne virus in the family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus. Unlike other mosquito- and sandfly-borne bunyaviruses, SFTS virus has not been extensively studied due to its recent emergence and many unknowns regarding its pathogenesis, life cycle, transmission, and options for therapeutics remains. In this review, we report the most current findings in SFTS virus research.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bunyaviridae/fisiopatologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/fisiopatologia , Febre por Flebótomos/fisiopatologia , Phlebovirus/fisiologia , Trombocitopenia/fisiopatologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/fisiopatologia , Zoonoses/fisiopatologia , Animais , Vetores Artrópodes , Ásia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/virologia , Humanos , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/epidemiologia , Carrapatos , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/virologiaRESUMO
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a novel phlebovirus that was identified to be the etiological pathogen of the emerging infectious disease, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). SFTSV could be transmitted through tick bite. Transmission of SFTSV among humans has also been reported mainly through direct blood contact. In July 2014, a cluster of six suspected SFTS cases occurred in Shandong Province, China. In this cluster, both symptomatic and asymptomatic persons were included. By analyzing the clinical data and results of laboratory tests, and conducting the epidemiological interviews with the cases and their families, risk factors responsible for the transmission were evaluated. The findings suggested that SFTSV transmission among humans may cause asymptomatic infection via personal contact without blood exposure.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/transmissão , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/virologia , Febre/fisiopatologia , Febre/virologia , Febre por Flebótomos/fisiopatologia , Febre por Flebótomos/transmissão , Trombocitopenia/fisiopatologia , Trombocitopenia/virologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Infecções Assintomáticas , China , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae have been steadily spreading worldwide during the last decade. Nine patients were identified prospectively and were followed during their hospitalization course to identify the epidemiology, clinical profiles and outcomes. These patients had one or more cultures positive for a CRE isolate, contributing to a total of eleven positive cultures from various sites without including duplicates of isolates obtained from the same site. Isolates from these patients included five Klebseilla pneumoniae, three Escherichia coli, and one Enterobacter aerogenes. Five isolates were grown from blood cultures, three from wound cultures, one from urine cultures, one from respiratory cultures and one from an abscess collection. Five survived the hospital course. The other five patients died due to severe sepsis, septic shock or multi-organ failure. Of the nine isolates of CRE identified for which molecular analysis were available, four K. pneumonia were confirmed as blaNDM and one as OXA-48. For the purpose of controlling the spread of CRE in our institution, we recommend considering active surveillance cultures and screening patients transferred from other hospitals or coming from highly endemic settings at admission for these organisms.
Assuntos
Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/microbiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Hospitais Universitários , Adulto , Idoso , Carbapenêmicos , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/fisiopatologia , Enterobacter aerogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacter aerogenes/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/fisiopatologia , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Humanos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologiaRESUMO
CONTEXT: -Medical examiners and coroners have long been an integral component of public health, often being the first to recognize and describe emerging infectious diseases. Given their experience and access, medical examiners and coroners will provide valuable contributions to better understanding Zika virus infection and its sequelae. OBJECTIVE: -To review past examples of medical examiner/coroner involvement in recognition of emerging infectious diseases and describe how medical examiners and coroners will be critical in understanding the pathophysiology of Zika infections. DESIGN: -Review of the existing literature on the role of medical examiners and coroners in the identification of emergent infections and the available literature on Zika virus. RESULTS: -Medical examiners and coroners have played a crucial role in identifying numerous emerging infectious diseases such as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and West Nile virus, and have the expertise and experience to aid in elucidating the pathophysiologic effects of Zika virus and tracking its distribution and risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: -Medical examiners and coroners will be a significant factor in the unified public health approach needed to mitigate the effects of Zika virus and other, heretofore unrecognized, infectious diseases.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/virologia , Médicos Legistas , Papel Profissional , Infecção por Zika virus/virologia , Zika virus/fisiologia , Autopsia/normas , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/fisiopatologia , Coleta de Dados/normas , Humanos , Patologia Clínica/métodos , Patologia Clínica/normas , Saúde Pública/normas , Infecção por Zika virus/diagnóstico , Infecção por Zika virus/fisiopatologiaAssuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/virologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Animais , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Aves , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/fisiopatologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/terapia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/transmissão , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H7N2 , Subtipo H7N9 do Vírus da Influenza A , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H9N2 , Influenza Aviária/transmissão , Influenza Aviária/virologia , Influenza Humana/fisiopatologia , Influenza Humana/terapia , Influenza Humana/transmissão , Infecções Respiratórias/fisiopatologia , Infecções Respiratórias/terapia , Infecções Respiratórias/transmissãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Since the isolation of West Nile virus (WNV) in 1937, in Uganda, it has spread globally, causing significant morbidity and mortality. While birds serve as amplifier hosts, mosquitoes of the Culex genus function as vectors. Humans and horses are dead end hosts. The clinical manifestations of West Nile infection in humans range from asymptomatic illness to West Nile encephalitis. METHODS: The laboratory offers an array of tests, the preferred method being detection of RNA and serum IgM for WNV, which, if detected, confirms the clinical diagnosis. Although no definitive antiviral therapy and vaccine are available for humans, many approaches are being studied. STUDY: This article will review the current literature of the natural cycle, geographical distribution, virology, replication cycle, molecular epidemiology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, clinical manifestations, blood donor screening for WNV, treatment, prevention and vaccines.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes , Febre do Nilo Ocidental , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental , Animais , Aves , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/fisiopatologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/transmissão , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/virologia , Culex , Reservatórios de Doenças , Cavalos , Humanos , Insetos Vetores , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/fisiopatologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/transmissão , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/virologia , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/genética , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/patogenicidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel Bunyavirus. Recent data suggest that the physiological balance of multiple proinflammatory cytokines is substantially changed in cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection, and the inflammatory response probably plays an important role in disease progression. Angiotensin II is an important active substance of the renin-angiotensin system, and studies have demonstrated that angiotensin II is involved in key events in the inflammatory process and can regulate inflammatory cell responses. METHODS: In order to elucidate the role of angiotensin II in the pathogenesis of SFTS, we collected serum samples from SFTS patients in the acute or convalescent phase and tested the angiotensin II levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as well as SFTSV viral RNA with real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, we explored possible correlations between the angiotensin II levels and clinical parameters in SFTS patients. RESULTS: Our data showed that the serum level of angiotensin II was significantly increased in the acute phase compared with that seen in the convalescent phase and the healthy controls, while there were no significant differences between the convalescent cases and healthy controls (p>0.05). A correlation analysis demonstrated that the level of angiotensin II positively correlated with the SFTS viral RNA load. The angiotensin II levels were also found to be correlated with clinical parameters indicating impairments in organ functions. Moreover, we also found that the angiotensin II levels were significantly increased in the severe cases versus the non-severe cases (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The serum angiotensin II levels in SFTS patients may be used to stratify the disease severity and are possibly predictive of disease outcomes.
Assuntos
Angiotensina II/sangue , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/sangue , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/sangue , Phlebovirus , Adulto , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/fisiopatologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/fisiopatologia , Citocinas/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Viral/sangue , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , SíndromeAssuntos
Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Dengue/epidemiologia , Saúde Global , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/epidemiologia , Internacionalidade , Febre de Chikungunya/fisiopatologia , Febre de Chikungunya/terapia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/fisiopatologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/terapia , Dengue/fisiopatologia , Dengue/terapia , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/fisiopatologia , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/terapia , HumanosRESUMO
The emerging wildlife disease white-nose syndrome (WNS) affects both physiology and behaviour of hibernating bats. Infection with the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), the first pathogen known to target torpid animals, causes an increase in arousal frequency during hibernation, and therefore premature depletion of energy stores. Infected bats also show a dramatic decrease in clustering behaviour over the winter. To investigate the interaction between disease progression and torpor expression we quantified physiological (i.e., timing of arousal, rewarming rate) and behavioural (i.e., arousal synchronisation, clustering) aspects of rewarming events over four months in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) experimentally inoculated with Pd. We tested two competing hypotheses: 1) Bats adjust arousal physiology adaptively to help compensate for an increase in energetically expensive arousals. This hypothesis predicts that infected bats should increase synchronisation of arousals with colony mates to benefit from social thermoregulation and/or that solitary bats will exhibit faster rewarming rates than clustered individuals because rewarming costs fall as rewarming rate increases. 2) As for the increase in arousal frequency, changes in arousal physiology and clustering behaviour are maladaptive consequences of infection. This hypothesis predicts no effect of infection or clustering behaviour on rewarming rate and that disturbance by normothermic bats contributes to the overall increase in arousal frequency. We found that arousals of infected bats became more synchronised than those of controls as hibernation progressed but the pattern was not consistent with social thermoregulation. When a bat rewarmed from torpor, it was often followed in sequence by up to seven other bats in an arousal "cascade". Moreover, rewarming rate did not differ between infected and uninfected bats, was not affected by clustering and did not change over time. Our results support our second hypothesis and suggest that disturbance, not social thermoregulation, explains the increased synchronisation of arousals. Negative pathophysiological effects of WNS on energy conservation may therefore be compounded by maladaptive changes in behaviour of the bats, accelerating fat depletion and starvation.
Assuntos
Quirópteros , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes , Hibernação/fisiologia , Micoses , Animais , Nível de Alerta/fisiologia , Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Quirópteros/fisiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/microbiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/fisiopatologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/veterinária , Micoses/microbiologia , Micoses/fisiopatologia , Micoses/veterinária , Nariz/microbiologia , Pele , Fatores de Tempo , Torpor/fisiologia , Gravação em VídeoAssuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Tifo por Ácaros/epidemiologia , Adulto , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tifo por Ácaros/diagnóstico , Tifo por Ácaros/fisiopatologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a newly emergent disease that potentially threatens all temperate bat species. A recently identified fungus, Geomyces destructans, is the most likely causative agent of this disease. Until 2009, WNS and G. destructans were exclusively known from North America, but recent studies have confirmed this fungus is also present in Europe. We assembled an international WNS consortium of 67 scientists from 29 countries and identified the most important research and conservation priorities to assess the risk of WNS to European bats. Here, we review what is known about WNS and G. destructans and detail the conservation and research recommendations aimed at understanding and containing this emerging infectious disease.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/fisiologia , Quirópteros/microbiologia , Quirópteros/fisiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/veterinária , Dermatomicoses/veterinária , Animais , Ascomicetos/classificação , Ascomicetos/genética , Evolução Biológica , Quirópteros/imunologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/patologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/fisiopatologia , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Dermatomicoses/epidemiologia , Dermatomicoses/patologia , Dermatomicoses/fisiopatologia , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Densidade DemográficaAssuntos
Cólera/terapia , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Influenza Humana/terapia , Coqueluche/terapia , Cólera/diagnóstico , Cólera/fisiopatologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/fisiopatologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/terapia , Humanos , Influenza Humana/diagnóstico , Influenza Humana/fisiopatologia , Estados Unidos , Coqueluche/diagnóstico , Coqueluche/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
We report 13 cases of Naegleria fowleri primary amebic meningoencephalitis in persons in Karachi, Pakistan, who had no history of aquatic activities. Infection likely occurred through ablution with tap water. An increase in primary amebic meningoencephalitis cases may be attributed to rising temperatures, reduced levels of chlorine in potable water, or deteriorating water distribution systems.