RESUMO
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease and its relationship with infection has been extensively investigated. Concern for the increased prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in patients undergoing systemic immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive therapies for psoriasis has been gradually growing among clinicians. To evaluate the prevalence of HPV in a cohort of patients with psoriasis treated with currently available systemic, conventional and biotechnological drugs. A multi-centric prospective study was conducted in the main dermatological clinical centres of central and southern Italy. Data from 588 patients (366 males and 222 females) with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, aged ≥18 years and treated with conventional and biological drugs, were collected based on a documented history of HPV infection, a positive Papanicolaou test (Pap-test) when available, and clinical evidence of genital warts reported during consultation. Overall, 18 of 588 patients (3.6% [95% CI: 1.8-4.5]) were positive for HPV or had a history of cervical cancer. Considering anamnestic and demographic data, such as gender, age, smoking, weight and body mass index, no statistically significant differences between HPV+ and HPV- patients were found. Moreover, the eradication of HPV infection was successfully achieved using conventional treatments. The prevalence of HPV infection in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, undergoing systemic treatment with immunosuppressive agents or biologics, appears to be the same as that in the general Italian population, indicating that the level of infection among such patients is acceptable.
Assuntos
Fatores Biológicos/efeitos adversos , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/epidemiologia , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Psoríase/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Fatores Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/virologia , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidade do Paciente , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Psoríase/imunologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Since the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in December 2019, it has rapidly spread across many countries and it has become a crucial global health concern. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection not only effect on respiratory system, but on reproductive system of human. However, there has been not any review described the transmission paths and effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human reproductive system, systematically. In order to describe the transmission paths of SARS-CoV-2, effect on the male/female reproductive system of SARS-CoV-2 and some successful prevention measures. We would like to review effect of SARS-CoV-2 on reproductive system. To conclude, SARS-CoV-2 infection might damage to male reproductive system via ACE2 receptor mediating and male patients were reportedly slightly more affected than women by SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Assuntos
COVID-19/complicações , Genitália/virologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2/metabolismo , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/virologia , Saúde Global , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Masculino , Ovário/virologia , Gravidez , Sêmen/virologia , Fatores Sexuais , Testículo/virologia , Útero/virologiaRESUMO
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-established carcinogenic agent. This study aimed to assess prevalence and persistence rate of genital HPV infection in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) patients and healthy subjects. The risk factors influencing the persistence of genital HPV infection were also investigated. The samples were collected with the ThinPrep liquid-based cytology system. Among the HPV-positive patients, those consenting were retested after 12 months. Overall, 145/292 subjects proved HPV positive with a higher prevalence (51%) in STI than in healthy population (43%). The persistence of genital HPV infection was statistically associated with female gender, HR-HPV infection, smoking, and Ureaplasma parvum infection.
Assuntos
Alphapapillomavirus , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis/virologia , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Fumar Cigarros , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Latência ViralAssuntos
COVID-19/complicações , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Doenças Labiais/virologia , Úlcera/virologia , Adulto , Teste para COVID-19 , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/tratamento farmacológico , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Doenças Labiais/tratamento farmacológico , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , SARS-CoV-2 , Úlcera/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Most individuals are infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) at least once in their lifetime. Infections with low-risk types can cause genital warts, whereas high-risk types can cause malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to determine the burden of anogenital diseases potentially related to HPV in young women based on German statutory health insurance claims data. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective claims data analysis using the "Institute for Applied Health Research Berlin" (InGef) Research Database, containing claims data from approximately 4 million individuals. In the period from 2012 to 2017 all women born in1989-1992, who were continuously insured between the age of 23-25 years were identified. Using ICD-10-GM codes (verified diagnosis in the outpatient sector or primary or secondary diagnosis in the inpatient sector) the administrative prevalence (95% confidence interval) of genital warts (A63.0), anogenital diseases grade I (K62.8, N87.0, N89.0, N90.0), grade II (N87.1, N89.1, N90.1) and grade III (D01.3, D06.-, D06.0, D07.1, D07.2, N87.2, N89.2, N90.2) was calculated (women with diagnosis divided by all women). RESULTS: From 2012 to 2017, a total of 15,358 (birth cohort 1989), 16,027 (birth cohort 1990), 14,748 (birth cohort 1991) and 14,862 (birth cohort 1992) women at the age of 23-25 were identified. A decrease of the administrative prevalence was observed in genital warts (1.30% (1.12-1.49) birth cohort 1989 vs. 0.94% (0.79-1.10) birth cohort 1992) and anogenital diseases grade III (1.09% (0.93-1.26) birth cohort 1989 vs. 0.71% (0.58-0.86) birth cohort 1992). In anogenital diseases grade III, this trend was especially observed for severe cervical dysplasia (N87.2) (0.91% (0.76-1.07) birth cohort 1989 vs. 0.60% (0.48-0.74) birth cohort 1992). In contrast, anogenital diseases grade I (1.41% (1.23-1.61) birth cohort 1989 vs. 1.31% (1.14-1.51) birth cohort 1992) and grade II (0.61% (0.49-0.75) birth cohort 1989 vs. 0.52% (0.42-0.65) birth cohort 1992) remained stable. CONCLUSIONS: A decrease of the burden of anogenital disease potentially related to HPV was observed in the younger birth cohorts. This was observed especially for genital warts and anogenital diseases grade III. Further research to investigate this trend for the upcoming years in light of varying HPV vaccination coverage for newer birth cohorts is necessary.
Assuntos
Doenças do Ânus/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/epidemiologia , Papillomaviridae/fisiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Demandas Administrativas em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Doenças do Ânus/virologia , Estudos de Coortes , Condiloma Acuminado/epidemiologia , Condiloma Acuminado/virologia , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Adulto Jovem , Displasia do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/virologiaRESUMO
AIM: To investigate the prevalence of cervico-vaginal co-infection with high-risk (HR) HPV types and other sexually transmitted pathogens (STPs) in women with anogenital warts (AGWs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, cervico-vaginal smears of women with AGWs were examined with real-time polymerase chain reaction for the presence of HR-HPV types and common STPs. Women with recent cervical HPV infection and general population were used for comparisons. RESULTS: A total of 689 women participated in the study. Among the examined groups, higher rates of cervico-vaginal co-infection with HR-HPV types and other STPs collectively were recorded in women with AGWs (p=0.0049 and p<0.004, respectively). Within the AGWs group, cervical co-infection with HR-HPV types was detected more often in women with recurrent disease (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The higher rates of cervico-vaginal co-infection with HR-HPV types and common STPs in women with AGWs may affect their risk for cervical carcinogenesis and the natural course of their disease.
Assuntos
Doenças do Ânus/epidemiologia , Condiloma Acuminado/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Verrugas/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Doenças do Ânus/virologia , Colo do Útero/virologia , Condiloma Acuminado/virologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Grécia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papillomaviridae/fisiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Prevalência , Esfregaço Vaginal , Verrugas/virologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This review provides a general overview on the positivity and persistence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in female genital tract (FGT) of non-pregnant women and animals, as well as in cell cultures, and its influence on FGT health. We performed a systematic review based on the PRISMA statement to identify studies focused on "Zika virus" and "non-pregnant female" in PubMed, Embase, Scopus Scholar and Web of Knowledge databases of full-text papers and abstracts published in English, with no restrictions regarding the initial date of publication, up to August 2019. Our search terms yielded 625 records, that were 108 after removal of duplicates, leaving 517 items for title and abstract reviews. Of these, 475 did not meet the inclusion criteria, leaving 42 records for full-text review and resulting in the exclusion of 6 additional records. The remaining 36 met our inclusion criteria. Variations were observed regarding the presence and persistence of ZIKV in lower and upper genital samples. However, the FGT was the place in which ZIKV RNA has been detected, sometimes for relatively long periods, even after the clearance from blood and urine. In addition to the vagina and cervix, the endometrium, uterus and ovary (oocytes and follicles) could also be involved in persistent ZIKV infections. Further prospective studies are needed to assess the effect of ZIKV on FGT health.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Genitália Feminina/virologia , Infecção por Zika virus/virologia , Zika virus/genética , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
Introduction: Genital warts are benign lesions caused by sexual transmission of human papillomavirus types 6 and 11, with significant impact on healthcare resource use and patients' quality of life. Objective: To describe the epidemiology of genital warts in adults visiting a physician office for any reason, physician practice patterns, and healthcare resource use and costs in Colombia. Methods: Participants were a convenience sample of 53 physicians in 5 specialties: primary care (15), gynecology (24), urology (12), proctology (1), and dermatology (1). Physicians completed a survey and daily log of all patients 18-60 years old seen over 10 days in their practices in 2016-2017. The physician survey recorded genital warts consultation and management patterns. The daily log recorded patient demographic information and genital warts diagnosis. Results: Among 6,393 patients logged by physicians, the genital warts prevalence was 2.03% (95%CI 1.692.38) and incidence 1.30% (95%CI 1.021.58). Primary care physicians referred most of their genital warts cases for treatment (female: mean 63.3%, SD=44.8; male: mean 58.3%, SD=43.8). Treatment of non-resistant episodes (<6-month duration) lasted an average of 37.4 days (SD=29.4) and required an average of 4.0 (SD=1.9) office visits for females and 3.0 (SD=1.7) for males. The overall mean cost of an episode of care was USD558.13 (SD=507.30). Conclusion: Genital warts cases reported by most participant physicians were mainly direct-consult, but patients were typically treated by specialists. Much of the genital warts health care utilization and costs reported could be prevented by immunization with the quadrivalent or nonavalent HPV vaccine.
Introdução: As verrugas genitais são lesões benignas, de transmissão sexual, causadas pelo papilomavírus humano tipos 6 e 11 e que causam impacto significativo no uso de recursos de saúde e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Objetivo: Descrever a epidemiologia das verrugas genitais em adultos que buscaram atendimento médico ambulatorial por qualquer motivo, incluindo padrões de prática médica, uso de recursos de saúde e custos na Colômbia. Métodos: foi utilizada uma amostra de conveniência composta por 53 médicos em 5 especialidades: clínico geral (15), ginecologia (24), urologia (12), proctologia (1) e dermatologia (1). Os médicos completaram um questionário e registros diários de todos os pacientes com idade entre 18 e 60 anos atendidos durante 10 dias em seus consultórios em 2016-2017. O questionário registrou os padrões de prática médica e de tratamento de verrugas genitais. Os registros diários continham informações demográficas do paciente e o diagnóstico de verrugas genitais. Resultados: Entre 6.393 atendimentos médicos, a prevalência das verrugas genitais foi de 2,03% (IC95% 1,692,38) e a incidência de 1,30% (IC95% 1,021,58). Os clínicos gerais encaminharam a maioria dos pacientes com verrugas genitais para tratamento (mulheres: média de 63,3%, DP=44,8; homens: média de 58,3%, DP=43,8). O tratamento dos casos não-persistentes (<6 meses de duração) durou em média 37,4 dias (DP=29,4) e requereu uma média de 4,0 (DP=1,9) consultas para mulheres e 3,0 (DP=1,7) para homens. O custo médio geral do tratamento foi de US$ 558,13 (SD=507,30). Conclusão: Os casos de verrugas genitais relatados pela maioria dos médicos participantes derivaram-se principalmente de atendimentos primários e os pacientes foram tratados geralmente por especialistas. Grande parte da utilização de recursos e custos relacionados a verrugas genitais poderia ser evitada pela imunização com a vacina papilomavírus humano 4-valente ou 9-valente.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Verrugas/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/epidemiologia , Verrugas/economia , Verrugas/virologia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Incidência , Prevalência , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/economia , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/economia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/virologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Infection by Primate erythroparvovirus 1, generally known Parvovirus B19, is highly prevalent worldwide. Although infection by this virus will not be clinically problematic in most cases, new infections during pregnancy could result in serious repercussions in the fetus. Serologic and PCR-based methods are among the available approaches for diagnosis of Parvovirus B19 infection. In this regard, the present study is aimed to investigate the frequency of Parvovirus B19 infection by these two techniques in pregnant women of Zanjan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross sectional-descriptive study, 110 pregnant women referring to Mousavi hospital in Zanjan during one year were evaluated in terms of serologic and Real-Time PCR test results in search for Parvovirus B19 infection. The rate of positive IgG and IgM were determined in women and the Real-Time PCR results were reported. RESULTS: Overall, 18.2% of participants were above 35 years old and 4.5% of them were younger than 18 years old. 41 (44.1%) and 2 (1.8%) cases had positive anti-Parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM, respectively. Real-Time PCR results were negative in all the studied samples. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, prevalence of acute Parvovirus B19 infection was 0 and 2% based on Real-Time PCR and IgM tests, respectively. About 40% of pregnant women had experienced infection with this virus before.
Assuntos
Eritema Infeccioso , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos , Parvovirus B19 Humano , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Adulto , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Eritema Infeccioso/diagnóstico , Eritema Infeccioso/epidemiologia , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Ginecologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Obstetrícia/estatística & dados numéricos , Parvovirus B19 Humano/genética , Parvovirus B19 Humano/imunologia , Parvovirus B19 Humano/isolamento & purificação , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Prevalência , Testes Sorológicos/métodos , Testes Sorológicos/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are indicated for anal cancer prevention, but evidence for vaccine effectiveness (VE) against anal HPV infections among women is limited. We estimated the VE (≥1 dose) against anal HPV positivity of the bivalent vaccine, whose target types HPV-16/18 are associated with approximately 90% of HPV-related anal cancers. Among 548 female STI clinic visitors 16-24 years old who provided an anal swab sample as part of a repeated cross-sectional survey, VE against HPV-16/18 was 89.9% (95% confidence interval, 63.0%-97.2%). Type-specific VE correlated well with VE against cervicovaginal HPV (Spearman ρ = 0.76), suggesting comparable effectiveness of HPV-16/18 vaccination against genital and anal infections.
Assuntos
Canal Anal/imunologia , Papillomavirus Humano 16/imunologia , Papillomavirus Humano 18/imunologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/imunologia , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/imunologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/imunologia , Vacinas Combinadas/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Canal Anal/virologia , Proteção Cruzada/imunologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/imunologia , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Humanos , Países Baixos , Vacinação/métodos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: GLUT1, an ubiquitous glucose transporter in the mammalian cells, is upregulated in many tumours, including human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced head and neck or cervical cancer. OBJECTIVE: To study in anogenital lesions whether or not GLUT1 expression correlates with genomic high-risk HPV integration, the first step in neoplastic transformation. METHODS: Forty-three HPV-positive biopsies positive for either low-risk or high-risk HPV were selected. Paraffin sections adjacent to those tested for the presence of HPV were processed for GLUT1 immunocytochemistry. GLUT1 expression was analysed by two histologists, blinded to HPV type and status and then compared with HPV typing results. RESULTS: Two main staining patterns were observed, either staining from the basal to the granular layer or staining of superficial layers only. The first staining pattern corresponded to lesions with high number of episomal HPV-positive nuclei. Superficial staining was observed in lesions with low number of episomal HPV nuclei or when high-risk HPV was integrated in the cell genome. CONCLUSION: Our results show that GLUT1 overexpression correlates with the number of episomally infected cells in the lesion, but not with the type (low or high risk) of HPV.
Assuntos
Doenças do Ânus/metabolismo , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/metabolismo , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/metabolismo , Transportador de Glucose Tipo 1/metabolismo , Infecções por Papillomavirus/metabolismo , Doenças do Ânus/virologia , Biópsia , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologiaRESUMO
To investigate the composition of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in anogenital warts (AGWs), viral nucleic acid in 110 AGWs, pooled into 11 specimen pools, were subjected to viral metagenomic analysis. After finding HPV7 in AGWs, conventional PCR screening was performed for HPV7 in other 190 individual AGW specimens. Viral metagenomic results indicated that 29 different types of HPV were recovered, with HPV11 and HPV6 showing the highest proportion of sequence reads. HPV7 was detected in 7 of 11 pools, 5 of which contained abundant HPV7 sequence reads. 24 complete genomes of HPV were acquired in viral metagenomic analysis, including 5 HPV7 genomes, based on which phylogenetic analysis and pairwise sequence comparison were conducted. PCR screening for HPV7 in other 190 individual AGW specimens revealed 25 positive cases (13.16%), of which the amplified fragments were sequenced and confirmed to be HPV7 sequences. Although HPV7 was generally found in hand warts and recently also in warts in toe webs, our data suggested that the role of HPV7 in AGW should be considered in the future clinical test and vaccine development for AGWs.
Assuntos
Doenças do Ânus/virologia , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Metagenômica/métodos , Papillomaviridae/classificação , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Verrugas/virologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papillomaviridae/genética , Prevalência , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis with a chronic or subacute progression caused by the inhalation of dehydrated yeasts or basidiospores. The causative agents are C. gattii and C. neoformans. The latter is more commonly associated with cellular immunodeficiency and is not rare in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Cryptococcosis is common in pregnant women with AIDS; however, it is uncommon for the placenta to be affected, with few reported cases in the literature. We present the case of a pregnant woman with AIDS who had placental and pulmonary cryptococcosis associated with fungemia, with a satisfactory clinical outcome obtained after therapy.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/microbiologia , Criptococose/microbiologia , Fungemia/microbiologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/microbiologia , Doenças Placentárias/microbiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Sepse Neonatal/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Placentárias/patologia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are responsible for one-third of all cancers caused by infections. Most HPV studies focus on chronic infections and cancers, and we know little about the early stages of the infection. Our main objective is to better understand the course and natural history of cervical HPV infections in healthy, unvaccinated and vaccinated, young women, by characterising the dynamics of various infection-related populations (virus, epithelial cells, vaginal microbiota and immune effectors). Another objective is to analyse HPV diversity within hosts, and in the study population, in relation to co-factors (lifestyle characteristics, vaccination status, vaginal microbiota, human genetics). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The PAPCLEAR study is a single center longitudinal study following 150 women, aged 18-25 years, for up to 2 years. Visits occur every 2 or 4 months (depending on HPV status) during which several variables are measured, such as behaviours (via questionnaires), vaginal pH, HPV presence and viral load (via qPCR), local concentrations of cytokines (via MesoScale Discovery technology) and immune cells (via flow cytometry). Additional analyses are outsourced, such as titration of circulating anti-HPV antibodies, vaginal microbiota sequencing (16S and ITS1 loci) and human genotyping. To increase the statistical power of the epidemiological arm of the study, an additional 150 women are screened cross-sectionally. Finally, to maximise the resolution of the time series, participants are asked to perform weekly self-samples at home. Statistical analyses will involve classical tools in epidemiology, genomics and virus kinetics, and will be performed or coordinated by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in Montpellier. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has been approved by the Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud Méditerranée I (reference number 2016-A00712-49); by the Comité Consultatif sur le Traitement de l'Information en matière de Recherche dans le domaine de la Santé (reference number 16.504); by the Commission Nationale Informatique et Libertés (reference number MMS/ABD/AR1612278, decision number DR-2016-488) and by the Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé (reference 20160072000007). Results will be published in preprint servers, peer-reviewed journals and disseminated through conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02946346; Pre-results.
Assuntos
Protocolos Clínicos , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Citocinas/imunologia , Feminino , França/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/imunologia , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Estudos Longitudinais , Microbiota/imunologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/imunologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Vagina/virologia , Carga Viral/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a double-stranded DNA virus, with more than 200 different genotypes having been identified. This infection is considered the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI), and it is the cause of a significant number of diseases, both benign lesions (anogenital condylomas) and pre-malignant lesions and different cancers. The diagnosis of the infection is performed by molecular techniques based on the detection of viral DNA, the mRNA of oncogenic proteins and cellular alteration caused by the infection. Although there is no consensus regarding the best treatment, this should be individualised, and there are different options with ablative treatments being more effective but with greater recurrences, and immunomodulatory treatments being less effective in the short term but with fewer recurrences. Among the preventive strategies, vaccination against HPV is the best strategy against anogenital neoplasms and warts, its maximum effectiveness being when it is administered prior to exposure to HPV.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/virologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/terapia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/terapia , Guias de Prática Clínica como AssuntoRESUMO
The primary function of the female reproductive tract (FRT) is to enable successful reproduction, yet the biologic mechanisms required to accomplish this, which include fluctuating sex hormones and tolerance of semen and a semi-allogeneic fetus, can leave this unique mucosal environment susceptible to pathogenic challenge. Consequently, the FRT has evolved specialized innate and adaptive immune responses tailored to protecting itself from infection without compromising reproductive success. A family of innate immune cytokines that has emerged as important regulators of these immune responses is the type I IFNs. Type I IFNs are typically rapidly produced in response to pathogenic stimulation and are capable of sculpting pleotropic biologic effects, including immunomodulation, antiproliferative effects, and inducing antiviral and bactericidal molecules. Here, we review what is currently known about type I IFN-mediated immunity in the FRT in human, primate, and murine models and explore their importance with respect to three highly relevant FRT infections: HIV, Zika, and Chlamydia.
Assuntos
Genitália Feminina/metabolismo , Imunidade , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Animais , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/imunologia , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais/metabolismo , Humanos , Sêmen/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Approximately 90% of genital warts are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11. In the United States, HPV vaccination has been recommended for girls and women aged ≤26 years, and since 2011, for boys and men aged ≤21 years and for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) aged ≤26 years. METHODS: Data were obtained from 27 clinics participating in the STD Surveillance Network. Trends in the annual prevalence of anogenital warts (AGW) from 2010-2016 were described by sex and by the sex of sex partners. RESULTS: During 2010-2016, significant declines in the prevalence of AGW were observed in women aged <40 years, men who have sex with women only (MSW) aged <40 years, and MSM of all age categories. An inflection in trend in 2012 was noted for MSW aged 20-24 or 25-29 years and for MSM aged 20-24 years. CONCLUSIONS: The observed declines in the prevalence of AGW suggest that HPV morbidity is declining among populations attending STD clinics, including MSW, MSM, and women. Declines in younger age groups are consistent with what would be expected following the implementation of HPV vaccination. However, declines were also observed in older age groups and are not likely to be the result of vaccination.
Assuntos
Doenças do Ânus/epidemiologia , Condiloma Acuminado/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/epidemiologia , Adulto , Doenças do Ânus/virologia , Bissexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/virologia , Heterossexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Homossexualidade Masculina/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores Sexuais , Parceiros Sexuais , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study aims to describe and characterize incident HR-HPV infections and associated diseases in HIV-infected women. 805 HIV-infected women enrolled in the VALHIDATE Study were screened and followed-up for HPV by co-testing. Social, behavioral and health data were collected. HPV-DNA positive samples were typed using a commercial kit or RFLP analysis. Conventional Pap-smears were evaluated using the 2001 Bethesda System. The participants with abnormal cytological results were referred for colposcopy. 565 HIV-infected women (median age: 43 years) were analysed, 40.9% had >5 lifetime sexual partners, 77.2% contracted HIV through sexual intercourse, 93% were receiving antiretroviral treatment and 77.3% had undetectable HIV-RNA. The women underwent 1254 follow-ups (median follow-up: 33 months) for 1430.6 PersonYear-Follow-Up. 37.4% of baseline HPV-negative women acquired incident HPV-infections, 69.6% of which were HR-HPVs. HPV-53 was the most common HPV type detected (9.3%). 18.2% of women showed incident or progressive cytological abnormalities (7.8% ASC-US, 9.7% LSIL and 0.6% HSIL) and colposcopy revealed CIN2 (N = 2), CIN1 (N = 2) and VIN3 (N = 1). The preventable fraction of incident infections was 11.3%, 16.7%, and 35.2% for the 2v-4v-9v-HPV vaccines respectively (χ2 p < 0.0001). The overall burden of incident lesions attributable to the vaccine types were 9.1% for 2v-, 14.5% for 4v- and 30.9% for 9v-vaccine. High HPV incidence rates and high percentages of multiple HR-HPV infections were observed in a cohort of HIV-infected women receiving effective antiretroviral treatment. Primary prevention strategies based on the new 9v-HPV vaccine may help to prevent incident infections and disease progression in this cohort of women.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Adulto , DNA Viral/análise , Feminino , Seguimentos , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/virologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/virologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a necessary cause of cervical cancer and is also closely related to penile cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, and anal cancer in males. However, few studies are reported on male HPV. This study aimed to investigate HPV infection of the external genitalia in men whose female partners have cervical HPV infection. METHODS: We collected the relevant data on the male outpatients whose partners had cervical HPV infection in our Department of Urology and Andrology from August to December 2016. We obtained samples with nylon swabs from the glans penis, corona, inner layer of the prepuce and penile body and detected different types of HPV infection using the Hybribio HPV typing kit, PCR and membrane hybridization. RESULTS: Valid data were collected from 140 males, which showed 83.5% of HPV infection of the external genitalia, including 60 cases of HPV6 (43.2%), 27 cases of HPV16 (19.4%), 14 cases of HPV39 (10.1%), 13 cases of HPV18 (9.4%), 13 cases of HPV58 (9.4%), and 13 cases of HPV52 (9.4%). Redundant prepuce was found in 75.5% of the males, but there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of HPV infection between the normal and redundant prepuce groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Men who have the female partners with positive cervical HPV are at high risk of HPV infection and therefore need to be screened and treated so as to reduce HPV infection in both sexes.