Disparities in Surgical Intervention and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Racial/Ethnic Groups With Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Racial and socioeconomic disparities in spine surgery for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis persist in the United States, potentially contributing to unequal health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes. This is important as lumbar spondylolisthesis is one of the most common causes of surgical low back pain, and low back pain is the largest disabler of individuals worldwide. Our objective was to assess the relationship between race, socioeconomic factors, treatment utilization, and outcomes in patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis. METHODS: This cohort study analyzed prospectively collected data from 9941 patients diagnosed with lumbar spondylolisthesis between 2015 and 2020 at 5 academic hospitals. Exposures were race, socioeconomic status, health coverage, and HRQoL measures. Main outcomes and measures included treatment utilization rates between racial groups and the association between race and treatment outcomes using logistic regression, adjusting for patient characteristics, socioeconomic status, health coverage, and HRQoL measures. RESULTS: Of the 9941 patients included (mean [SD] age, 67.37 [12.40] years; 63% female; 1101 [11.1%] Black, Indigenous, and People of Color [BIPOC]), BIPOC patients were significantly less likely to use surgery than White patients (odds ratio [OR] = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.62-0.75). Furthermore, BIPOC race was associated with significantly lower odds of reaching the minimum clinically important difference for physical function (OR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60; 0.91) and pain interference (OR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62-0.97). Medicaid beneficiaries were significantly less likely (OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46-0.92) to reach a clinically important improvement in HRQoL when accounting for race. CONCLUSION: This study found that BIPOC patients were less likely to use spine surgery for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis despite reporting higher pain interference, suggesting an association between race and surgical utilization. These disparities may contribute to unequal HRQoL outcomes for patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis and warrant further investigation to address and reduce treatment disparities.

Race-specific associations: inflammatory mediators and chronic low back pain.

ABSTRACT: Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a global health crisis that disproportionately burdens non-Hispanic Black (NHB) individuals, compared with those who identify as non-Hispanic White (NHW). Despite the growing personal and societal impact of cLBP, its biological underpinnings remain poorly understood. To elucidate the biological factors that underlie the racial disparities in cLBP, this study sought to determine whether inflammatory mediators associated with pain interference (PI), pain at rest (PAR), and movement-evoked pain (MEP) differ as a function of racial identity. Blood samples were collected from 156 individuals with cLBP (n = 98 NHB participants, n = 58 NHW participants). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and multiplex assays were used to quantify concentrations of proinflammatory (fibrinogen, C-reactive protein [CRP], serum amyloid A, tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], and interleukin [IL]-1α, IL-1ß, and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory markers (IL-4 and IL-13). Spearman rho correlations were used to assess associations among markers of inflammation and PI, PAR, and MEP using the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form. Analyses revealed that for NHW patients, CRP, serum amyloid A, and IL-6 were positively associated with cLBP outcomes and IL-4 was inversely associated with PAR and MEP. However, for NHB patients, only IL-1α was positively associated with PAR. Our findings suggest that, while there are associations between inflammation and cLBP outcomes, the biomarkers that underlie the inflammation could very well differ as a function of racialized minority group. However, more research with racially inclusive samples is needed to elucidate the mechanisms that may contribute to racial disparities in cLBP.

Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reproducibility of the Back Beliefs Questionnaire among older Brazilians with acute low back pain. A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) has emerging as an epidemic, multifactorial and multidimensional condition in older age. Assessment of attitudes and beliefs of patients with back pain is necessary for understanding the impact of psychosocial factors on pain perception and management. OBJECTIVES: To cross-culturally adapt and examine the validity and reproducibility (intra and interrater reliability and agreement) of the Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) in older Brazilians with acute LBP. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional methodological report conducted at the Department of Physical Therapy of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: The present study was conducted for translating, adapting, and examining the psychometric properties of a questionnaire. Participants aged ≥ 60 years experiencing an acute episode of LBP were recruited. Coefficients of internal consistency, reliability and agreement were obtained using Cronbach's α, intraclass correlations, and standard error of measurement and the smallest detectable change, respectively. RESULTS: Twenty-six participants aged between 60-84 years and reporting a mean of 9.8 (4.3) years of schooling completed the study. The Brazilian Portuguese-language version of the BBQ (BBQ-Brazil) was proposed and presented with adequate conceptual, semantic, operational, and measurement equivalence from the original version. Intra and interrater evaluations showed moderate (0.74) and excellent (0.91) intraclass correlation coefficients, respectively, with small standard error of measurement for both evaluations. Internal consistency was considered adequate (0.70). CONCLUSION: BBQ-Brazil had consistent measurements of validity and reproducibility, and proved to be a valuable tool in clinical practice for addressing attitudes and beliefs of older patients with acute LBP.

Hematoma iatrogênico simulando lesão tumoral intradural lombar / Iatrogenic hematoma mimicking lumbar intradural tumoral lesion

Em um quadro clínico de lombociatalgia, o diagnóstico diferencial engloba uma variedade de possíveis etiologias. Descreve-se um caso de um doente do sexo feminino, com história de lombociatalgia incapacitante relacionada com hematoma intradural, consequência de punção lombar e drenado após laminectomia lombar. São revistas as várias séries descritas na literatura, assim como são discutidos os diferentes fatores de risco, quadros clínicos e estratégias de prevenção e tratamento.

In the presence of lumbar radicular pain, the differential diagnosis includes several possible etiologies. Here is described a case of a female patient with incapacitating low back pain and lumbar radicular pain caused by an intradural hematoma, consequence of lumbar puncture, surgically drained after laminectomy. The several series in the literature describing these cases are revised, and the different risk factors, clinical pictures, prevention and treatment strategies are discussed.

Avaliação da dor e da capacidade funcional em indivíduos com lombalgia crônica / Evaluation of pain and functional capacity in patients with chronic low back pain

Objetivo - Diante da elevada prevalência da inabilidade funcional, nas variadas faixas etárias, provocada pela lombalgia, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a dor e a capacidade funcional de indivíduos acometidos pela lombalgia crônica, residentes no município de Jequié/BA. Métodos - Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 17 indivíduos portadores de lombalgia crônica, independentemente do fator etiológico. Foi utilizado como instrumento um questionário semiestruturado contendo informações sociodemográficas, comportamentais e de saúde, a Escala Visual Analógica de Dor, o questionário de dor de McGill e o questionário Roland-Morris Brasil de Incapacidade. Os dados foram submetidos à estatística descritiva, com determinação de médias, frequências e desvio-padrão. Resultados - Verificou-se que a média de idade dos indivíduos foi de 44,4 (± 15,4) anos, sendo que a maioria era do sexo feminino, e possuía o ensino médio. Na avaliação da dor, foi observada uma elevada porcentagem de indivíduos com dor intensa (70,6%); e maior frequência dos descritores enjoada (76,5%) e queima (70,6%), nas categorias afetiva e sensitiva, respectivamente. De acordo com o questionário Roland-Morris, verificou-se que 23,5% dos indivíduos foram classificados com incapacidade funcional. Conclusão - Este estudo constatou que o quadro de dor e as modificaçõesfuncionais de indivíduos portadores de lombalgia crônica merecem uma avaliação completa e minuciosa, de modo que contribua para o diagnóstico e para o direcionamento de programas de reabilitação.

Objective - In view of a high prevalence of the functional inability, in different ages, provoked by the low back pain, this study has the objective to evaluate pain and functional capacity of individuals whit the chronic lumbar pain, resident in the city of Jequié/BA. Method - This is a cross-sectional study with 17 individuals whit chronic lumbar pain, independent of factor etiologic. Was used as a tool semi-structured questionnaire contained social-demographic, mannering and health information, the Visual Analog Scale of Pain, The McGill Pain Questionnaire and the Disability Brazil Roland-Morris Questionnaire. Data were submitted to descriptive statistics, calculating averages, frequencies and standard deviation. Results - We found that the average age of subjects was 44,4 (± 15,4) years, most of whom were female, and had finished high school. In the assessment of pain, we observed a high percentage of individuals with severe pain (70,6%) and higher frequency of sick descriptors (76,5%) and burns (70,6%), sensory and affective categories, respectively. According to the Roland-Morris questionnaire, it was found that 23,5% of the individuals had been classified with functional incapacity. Conclusion - This study has evidenced that the pain episodes and the functional modifications of individuals with chronic lumbar pain deserve a complete and minute evaluation, in way that contributes for the diagnosis and the aiming of rehabilitation programs.

Estabilización dinámica con ligamentoplastia interespinosa en discopatía degenerativa de columna vertebral lumbar / Dynamic stabilization with interspinous ligamentoplasty in degenerative discopaty of lumbar spine

El tratamiento de la Discopatía Degenerativa lumbar, mediante dispositivo suave de estabilización dinámica, con el uso de ligamento para reforzamiento interespinoso, altera favorablemente el movimiento y la transmisión de carga de un segmento vertebral, proporcionando estabilidad y previniendo la enfermedad del segmento adyacente. Por lo tanto se realiza un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal con 25 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 58 años, con diagnóstico de Discopatia degenerativa lumbar; con estudios de imágenes previos con radiografias en proyección AP, lateral y laterales dinámicas además de Resonancia Magnética, con los cuales se confirmo el diagnóstico, al igual que control radiológico postoperatorio, a los que se les practico semihemilaminectomia mas discectomíamas foraminectomía mas ligamentoplastia interespinosa del segmento afectado y adyacentes. Se obtuvo como resultado mejoría clínica inmediata en la mayoría de los pacientes y con pronto reintegro a sus actividades habituales luego de la cirugía.

The treatment of lumbar degenerative discopaty, by means of a soft dynamic stabilization device, with the use of ligament for interspinous reinforcement, alter favorably the movement and load transmission of a vertebral segment, providing stability and preventing the disease of the adjacent segment. Therefore a prospectivelongitudinal study is carried out on 25 patients with ages ranging from 15 to 58 years, with a lumbar degenerative disease diagnosis; previous radiographicstudies in AP, lateral and dynamic-laterals projectionsand also Magnetic Resonance Imaging confirm the diagnosis, along with postoperative radiological controls. The patients received semi-hemilaminectomy plus discectomy plus foraminectomy plus interspinous ligamentoplasty of affected and adjacent segments. As result, inmediate clinical improvement in most patients was obtained and a soon return to their usual activities after the surgery.

Lombalgia e cefaléia como aspectos importantes da dor crônica na atenção primária à saúde em uma comunidade da região amazônica brasileira / Low back pain and headache as important aspects of chronic pain in primary health care in a community of the Brazilian Amazon region

A dor tem sido descrita como sendo uma experiência sensorial e emocional desagradável que é associada ou descrita em termos de lesão tecidual. Na atenção primária à saúde, a dor crônica atinge altos níveis de prevalência, especialmente devido aos quadros de lombalgia e de cefaléias. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a prevalência de dor crônica na atenção primária à saúde na cidade de Buriticupu, localizada no estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Dentre todos os quadros clínicos, a dor crônica foi o diagnóstico mais prevalente entre os pacientes investigados, sendo encontrada em 539 pacientes (23,02 por cento). Dor músculo-esquelética foi o quadro de dor crônica mais comum, atingindo 250 pacientes (10,62 por cento), sendo que lombalgia foi o diagnóstico mais prevalente entre os quadros de dor músculo-esquelética, sendo encontrada em 120 pacientes (5,12 por cento). Por outro lado, as cefaléias foram o segundo quadro de dor crônica mais comum, depois da dor músculo-esquelética, tendo sido diagnosticada em 212 pacientes (9,05 por cento). Assim, 61,6 por cento dos pacientes com dor crônica apresentavam lombalgia ou cefaléia. Análise estatística univariada encontrou associação entre gênero feminino e cefaléia, entre idade avançada e os principais tipos de dor crônica que foram avaliados neste estudo (músculo-esquelética, lombalgia e cefaléia), e entre índice de massa corpórea e dor músculo-esquelética e lombalgia. Quando a análise multivariada foi conduzida, as associações observadas com gênero feminino e idade avançada não mostraram alterações, mantendo os mesmos padrões de associação. No entanto, o índice de massa corpórea não apresentou mais associação com qualquer tipo de dor crônica.