Community, Public, and Population Health Content in Nursing Curricula: National Survey Results.

BACKGROUND: Policy, societal, and system changes are prompting nursing programs to expand population health content in curricula. This study examined the current state of community, public, and population health (CPPH) education in nursing curricula throughout the United States. METHOD: This descriptive study examined CPPH education in nursing programs nationally. A survey was developed and distributed to nursing programs from January to May 2021. RESULTS: CPPH content integration occurred across all program levels, and the majority of the participants were involved in the development of CPPH-specific curriculum. Programs experienced reductions in CPPH curriculum due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), lack of experienced faculty, budget constraints, and an emphasis on acute care. CONCLUSION: The continuation of CPPH education in current nursing curricula is critical. National and academic nursing organizations must continue to monitor CPPH content in nursing curricula to assure a competent CPPH nursing workforce. [J Nurs Educ. 2024;63(5):282-291.].

Pets, obesity and nurses: surgical site infections in the community.

Many surgical site infections (SSI) emerge after the patient is discharged from hospital. So, practice and district nurses should remain alert for SSIs and address modifiable risk factors, which include helping obese patients lose weight, optimising glucose control in people with diabetes and encouraging smoking cessation. Animals, including pets, are important reservoirs of resistant bacteria. By optimising SSI care, nurses can not only improve wound healing but also help preserve antibiotic efficacy.

Deprivation of liberty and the community nurse.

In this month's Policy column, Iwan Dowie discusses the 'deprivation of liberty' - which is used to safeguard patients who may be lacking sufficient mental capacity to manage their own safety. The author, through previous legal cases, shares how the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS)-an amendment to the Mental Capacity Act 2005-came into being, and the importance of community nurses in knowing the DoLS.

Community support for families affected by dementia.

This paper provides and overview of the community support services that may be available for people with dementia and their family carers. The authors introduce dementia, including the impact of the diagnosis on both the person with dementia and the wider family. Using a case study approach, the authors describe the support available, spanning health and social care and third sector organisations. They discuss how this support can enable people with dementia and their carers to maintain wellbeing and cope with the impact of dementia. This article will be of interest to community nurses, and health and social care professionals more generally, who may encounter families affected by dementia in community settings. Having a good knowledge of the support available and how to access it will allow community nurses to capitalise on the health promotion opportunities presented to them, when they come into contact with families affected by dementia in the course of their day-to-day practice.

Delegation of insulin administration: a survey of community nursing teams in England.

In community nursing, the administration of insulin for people with type 2 diabetes can be delegated by registered nurses to healthcare support workers. Although a voluntary framework in England provides national guidance, little is known about its uptake. The project aim was to determine the roll-out, characteristics and support needs in relation to the delegation of insulin administration in community settings. An online survey was disseminated to community nursing services in England via social media and nursing networks. Of the 115 responding organisations, 81% (n=93) had an insulin delegation programme, with most initiated since 2018. From these services, 41% (n=3704) of insulin injections were delegated daily, with benefits for patients, staff and services reported, along with some challenges. Delegation of insulin administration is an established and valued initiative. Awareness of the national voluntary framework is increasing. National guidance is considered important to support governance arrangements and safety.

Exploring the barriers to oral healthcare promotion and provision in the community.

With their wide breadth of expertise and the ability to leverage the therapeutic relationship, community nurses are ideally placed to provide treatment and support to an extensive variety of patients with a diverse range of conditions. However, to date, oral health has remained a neglected domain in the community, especially in older demographics. Francesca Ramadan explores the barriers to community nurse provision of oral healthcare and the solutions proposed to overcome these challenges.

A Delphi Study to Construct an Index of Practice for Community Nurses Providing Transitional Home Care for Patients with Chronic Diseases.

Community nurses play a key role in providing continuous home care for patients with chronic diseases. However, a perfect system of responsibilities and requirements has not yet been formed, and nurses cannot provide high-quality nursing services for home-based patients. We attempted to construct an index of the scope of practice for community nurses providing home-based transitional care for patients with chronic diseases and to guide nurses in playing an active role in transitional care work. From March to May 2023, 14 representative community nurses from the Shanghai Community Health Service Center were selected for group interviews and 2 rounds of Delphi consultation. A total of 14 valid questionnaires were collected. The authority coefficients were 0.94 and 0.93, and the Kendall coefficients were 0.56 and 0.59 for the 2 rounds of expert consultation (P < .05). Finally, an index system, including 6 primary indices (transitional caring provider, patient self-management facilitator, community group intervention organizer, home caregiver supporter, family physician team collaborator and supervisor of home medical equipment use, and medical waste disposal) was constructed for community nurses involved in providing home-based transitional care for patients with chronic diseases. The weight values of the 6 indices were 0.19, 0.17, 0.21, 0.13, 0.14 and 0.16, respectively (CR = 0.035, and the consistency test was passed), and 16 secondary indicators and 42 tertiary indicators were identified. In this Delphi study, an index system that can be used to determine community nurses' roles in providing home-based transitional and continuous care for patients with chronic diseases was successfully established. The index system is considered reliable and easy to use and will provide a meaningful reference for community nurses and policy-makers.

Nursing care in patients with dependency-related skin injuries in the community: a scoping review.

PURPOSE: Dependency-related skin injuries (DRSI) occur in people who need a high level of support to carry out day-to-day activities. Owing to the ageing population, the number of people at risk of DRSI is increasing. Most wound care is performed by nurses in the community. This scoping review aimed to identify the extent of literature on nursing care for patients with or at risk of developing DRSI living in their own home. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A scoping review was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria and four main themes emerged: features of the community setting; wound types, causes and management; prevention strategies around aetiology and holistic care; care management and local wound care. CONCLUSION: Although most wounds occur in and are treated in the community, there is a paucity of research on wounds in this setting. The care of patients with DRSI in the community is complex and prevention according to the individual aetiology of each lesion is the key factor in wound care.

Researching the Effectiveness of an Online COVID-19 Educational Module among Community Health Nursing Students.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research study was to determine the effectiveness of an innovative online COVID-19 educational module among community health nursing students. DESIGN: Mixed-methods study. METHODS: The sample (N = 86) consisted of prelicensure and postlicensure community health nursing students, who completed a pretest, COVID-19 educational intervention, and posttest. FINDINGS: The majority of participants' scores increased from pretest to posttest, and most participants strongly agreed that the COVID-19 educational module was effective. Strategies to address vaccine hesitancy, information learned and found most helpful, and plans for application and utilization of this knowledge were revealed. CONCLUSIONS: An online COVID-19 community health nursing educational intervention was effective at improving participants' knowledge, confidence, and attitudes regarding COVID-19. CLINICAL EVIDENCE: Online COVID-19 community health nursing education was an effective strategy for increasing preparation for this pandemic and the format can be useful to utilize for future public health emergencies.

A global approach to promoting research and evidence-based practice for community nurses.

Community health nurses world-wide provide health promotion and preventative care, support and guidance as well as clinical care for people with long-term conditions or needing acute care at home and end-of-life care, across all age groups. The importance of health care in the community has been growing globally as health systems recognise both the economic and human need for people to remain in their communities rather than in hospital. Research in community nursing provides evidence to support policy, practice and education. This article describes the global contribution that the International Collaboration for Community Health Nursing makes towards disseminating evidence that could improve the lives and health of communities.

An Innovative Community Health Nursing Virtual Reality Experience: A Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) simulation in nursing education, especially about non-acute care including community health, is an emerging learning strategy; more research is needed about its effectiveness. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative community health nursing VR simulation on prelicensure students' knowledge about social determinants of health and cultural competence, with a goal of enhancing students' preparation for practice. Methods: In a convergent mixed methods study, 100 prelicensure nursing students in a community health nursing course at a Midwestern U.S., urban, public university completed a pretest, a VR simulation, a posttest, and an evaluation. Pre- and posttests containing content questions adapted from leading community health nursing text faculty resources were used to assess learning, and the Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified (SET-M) was used to assess perceived effectiveness of the intervention. Results: The majority of participants' posttest scores were higher than their pretest scores. Most participants strongly agreed that the VR simulation was effective, and reported on new knowledge/skills learned, material found most helpful, and benefit to their nursing practice. Conclusions: The community health nursing VR simulation was effective at increasing participants' knowledge and their confidence in their knowledge and abilities.

A conjugalidade de casais em "geração sanduíche": Análise baseada no modelo dinâmico de avaliação e intervenção familiar / The conjugality of couples in the 'sandwich generation': Analysis based on the dynamic model of family assessment and intervention

Este relatório retrata o processo de aquisição e desenvolvimento de competências regulamentadas para o exercício profissional do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária - Área de Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar, tendo como objetivos: analisar e refletir acerca da aquisição de competências comuns e específicas, no decorrer dos estágios; e expor os resultados de um estudo empírico em função da identificação de uma questão emergente da prática baseada na evidência. No primeiro capítulo descrevem-se as atividades clínicas desenvolvidas no processo de cuidados às famílias nos estágios em duas unidades de saúde familiar, e no segundo capítulo descreve-se a investigação realizada a partir da identificação de uma questão da prática clínica: ?Quais as implicações na satisfação conjugal de casais em ?geração sanduíche?, decorrentes do cuidado simultâneo a ascendentes e descendentes??. A exigência do cuidado intergeracional tem implicações na conjugalidade de casais em ?geração sanduíche?. Neste contexto, o Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar é o agente facilitador da adaptabilidade e funcionalidade conjugal. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo-exploratório, transversal, com abordagem qualitativa. A amostra foi intencional, constituída por 10 casais em ?geração sanduíche? (n = 20 indivíduos). Foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada para recolha dos dados, cuja o tratamento e análise foram sustentados na análise de conteúdo de Bardin, com categorias baseadas no Modelo Dinâmico de Avaliação e Intervenção Familiar. Os casais em ?geração sanduíche? percecionaram implicações na sua conjugalidade inerentes ao cuidado simultâneo a ascendentes e a descendentes, contudo demonstram satisfação com a mesma, evidenciando que as estratégias de coping conjugal mobilizadas foram eficazes no contexto supracitado. Conclui-se houve reorganização conjugal e redefinição de papeis familiares, traduzidos na adaptação dos casais no processo de transição inerente ao cuidado intergeracional sem prejuízo do desenvolvimento conjugal. Percecionam no Enfermeiro de Família além da competência técnica, um recurso externo facilitador do cuidado simultâneo aos ascendentes e descendentes, e do desenvolvimento conjugal e familiar.

Conhecimentos dos educadores do pré-escolar e professores do 1º ciclo do ensino básico sobre os maus-tratos a crianças e as suas atitudes face à sinalização / Pre-school teachers' and primary school teachers' knowledge of child abuse and their attitudes towards reporting it

Introdução: O presente Relatório Final de Estágio é o culminar de um percurso de formação que reflete a aquisição de competências comuns e específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária, na área de Enfermagem de Saúde Comunitária e de Saúde Pública, com a elaboração de um projeto de intervenção para educadores do pré-escolar e professores do 1º ciclo do ensino básico. Segundo o Relatório Anual da Atividade da CPCJ de Coimbra de 2021, as entidades que mais comunicaram situações de perigo foram as autoridades policiais, seguido de anónimos, escolas e, o Ministério Público. A nível nacional, as escolas são as segundas entidades que mais sinalizam, porém, no município de Coimbra apenas sinalizaram 11,96% dos casos. Entende-se que se esteja perante uma questão de subsinalização por parte das escolas, sendo este um local de eleição para a deteção precoce de maus-tratos. Objetivos: caracterizar os contextos de estágio; descrever e refletir sobre as atividades desenvolvidas para a aquisição de competências Especializadas em Enfermagem de Saúde Comunitária e de Saúde Pública; avaliar os conhecimentos dos educadores/professores sobre maus-tratos infantis e as suas atitudes face à sinalização. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, transversal, com educadores do pré-escolar e professores do 1º ciclo do ensino básico do Agrupamento de Escolas Coimbra Sul (N=34). Foi aplicada a EAtEMtl e a ?Checklist para reconhecimento do educador de possível mau trato infantil?. Resultados: espera-se que as competências adquiridas contribuam para um crescimento pessoal e profissional e forneçam oportunidades de intervenção na área da enfermagem comunitária e de saúde pública com ganhos em saúde para as comunidades. Sobre os resultados do estudo: os educadores/professores possuem mais conhecimentos sobre maus-tratos físicos; é na tipologia de maus-tratos psicológicos que têm menos conhecimentos sobre os sinais de suspeita; foram detetados mais sinais de suspeita ao nível da negligência e menos ao nível dos maus-tratos físicos; os educadores/professores apresentam atitudes concordantes com a sinalização dos maus-tratos e discordantes quanto à autoridade parental abusiva e punição física.

Community-based nursing: a concept analysis with Walker and Avant's approach.

BACKGROUND: Community-based nursing in recent years has received much attention from nursing schools in different countries as a suitable solution in response to existing and future problems and challenges, but there is yet no comprehensive and correct understanding of this concept and considering its importance, the present study was conducted to the aim of analyzing the concept of community-based nursing. METHODS: Concept analysis was done using Walker and Avant's 8-step approach. Nursing dictionary, Persian dictionary, research articles, journals and conferences articles, dissertations, thesis, books, and other sources related to the concept of research were investigated through search engines and available databases using the keywords of nursing, community-based, concept analysis and Walker and Avant from 1990 to 2023. Finally, 54 articles related to the concept were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: The results showed that community-based nursing has attributes such as individual-oriented/ family-oriented/ community-oriented, social partnership with the communities and stakeholders, social justice, and group and interprofessional cooperation, the community as the main activity setting, providing services based on cultural diversity, providing services according to the context, conditions and community needs, caring for individuals and families with health problems throughout life, responding to the community needs, community-based experiences and facing real-life issues in the context of community, using a problem-based and service-based approach, providing context-based care and considering factors affecting health. In this regard, borderline and related cases (community health nursing, community-oriented nursing, population-based nursing, and public health nursing) were also presented to clarify the concept. Antecedents of community-based nursing included: determining the position of community-based nursing, making infrastructure and structure, the partnership between university, hospital and community, identifying all settings, the presence of educators proficient in education, survey of community needs, having knowledge, communication and community-based skills, expanding the role of the nurse, stakeholders' attitude towards community-oriented nursing and management and financial support. Consequences of community-based nursing included: competence development in nurses, solving community-based nursing challenges, meeting the health needs of individuals, families and communities, social justice, and increasing access to health care services. CONCLUSION: The results of this study can provide an objective and understandable image of the use of community-based nurses and their education in practice. Conducting more quantitative and qualitative studies about community-based nursing is also recommended.