A genealogical approach to academic success.

We analyse academic success using a genealogical approach to the careers of over 95,000 scientists in mathematics and associated fields in physics and chemistry. We look at the effect of Ph.D. supervisors (one's mentors) on the number of Ph.D. students that one supervises later on (one's mentees) as a measure of academic success. Supervisors generally provide important inputs in Ph.D. projects, which can have long-lasting effects on academic careers. Moreover, having multiple supervisors exposes one to a diversity of inputs. We show that Ph.D. students benefit from having multiple supervisors instead of a single one. The cognitive diversity of mentors has a subtler effect in that it increases both the likelihood of success (having many mentees later on) and failure (having no mentees at all later on). We understand the effect of diverse mentorship as a high-risk, high-gain strategy: the recombination of unrelated expertise often fails, but sometimes leads to true novelty.

Historical recollection of anthropometric data from schoolchildren attending summer camps from 1887 to 1934 in Spain: Interpretations and comparison with coetaneous and modern references.

OBJECTIVES: Around the aim of gaining knowledge on the secular trends in nutritional status of the Spanish population, we found a collection of historical records compiled by La Institución Libre de Enseñanza and their alumni association along 47 years. These data had been collected from boys and girls attending summer camps, with a policy of improving health of children with unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. The objective is to extract all possible information about growth changes, and eventually any interpretation related to status of the originating families. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Primary data were collected from both unpublished manuscripts containing the original records and publications of the organizing institutions. They had been gathered from 86 summer camps in Spain from 1887 to 1934. In these camps, detailed anthropometric data were collected from every attendee, including body height and weight. The sample population amounts to 1,791 boys and 1,281 girls, between 7 and 16 years of age. RESULTS: Body height and weight, pooled by camp year, age and sex, displayed variable secular increases. A similar observation appears for the body mass index (BMI). As a complement, a comparison was done to contemporary published references from both Spanish and international studies. DISCUSSION: Height, weight, and BMI from the camps may be judged as retardation of growth and malnutrition by modern standards but it is not the case when coetaneous references are considered: no overall significant differences were found with respect to several publications from Spanish and European populations.

Formal Leaders and Social Change: A Historical Case Study of Student Body Presidents as Activists.

This chapter explores how two student activists used their roles as student body presidents to lead their campuses to protest the Kent State Shootings in 1970. The administrative responses and their strategies for working with activists are also explored.

Reforma universitaria. A 100 años del manifiesto liminar / University reform. 100 years after the liminal manifesto

El movimiento estudiantil que se inició con la lucha de los estudiantes de Córdoba por la reforma de la universidad señala el nacimiento de una nueva generación latinoamericana. La reforma universitaria se distinguió por instalar la autonomía, el cogobierno, las cátedras libres y la extensión universitaria y, además, produjo dos grandes corrientes culturales, el movimiento reformista y el intelectual reformista. Otros cambios universitarios fueron la asistencia libre complementada con docencia libre y con la periodicidad de cátedra. El movimiento reformista se originó en el rechazo a una forma de enseñanza dominada por el clero y enteramente dependiente del Estado, con el objetivo de alcanzar una universidad autónoma, gratuita y libre. Tuvo, además dos efectos colaterales, uno de los cuales fue la continuidad de los congresos estudiantiles donde se debatían los temas de interés de los propios estudiantes de distintos países del continente. En estas reuniones se afirmó la unión y la solidaridad entre sus diferentes componentes. El segundo efecto fue la defensa de la independencia y la soberanía de los países de América Latina. (AU)

The student movement that began with the struggle of the students of Córdoba for the reform of the university marks the birth of a new Latin American generation. University reform was distinguished by installing autonomy, co-government, free chairs and university extension and, in addition, produced two major cultural currents, the reformist movement and the reformist intellectual. Other university changes were free attendance complemented with free teaching and with the periodicity of chair. The reformist movement was originated in the rejection of a form of education dominated by the clergy and totally dependent on the State, in order to achieve an autonomous, free and free university. It also had two side effects, one was the continuity of the student congresses where the topics of interest of the students from different countries of the continent were discussed. In these meetings the union and solidarity among its different components was affirmed. The second effect was the defense of the independence and the sovereignty of the Latin American countries. (AU)

APA/APAGS Award for Distinguished Graduate Student in Professional Psychology: Luz Maria Garcini.

The APA/APAGS Award for Distinguished Graduate Student in Professional Psychology is awarded on an annual basis by the APA Board of Professional Affairs (BPA) and the American Psychological Association of Graduate Students (APAGS) to a graduate student who has demonstrated outstanding practice and application of psychology. The 2016 award winners is Luz Maria Garcini, whose commitment to the health and mental health of those recently immigrated has led to research and service that "have greatly benefited the lives of undocumented individuals in the border area of southern California." Garcini's award citation, biography, and a selected bibliography are presented here. (PsycINFO Database Record

Fifty Years in the Life of Veterinary Students.

Many changes in US veterinary colleges and their student bodies have occurred during the past 50 years. These have reflected US demographics in many ways. With these changes have come many changes in student life. The Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges has played an important role in facilitating and tracking many of the changes by creating numerous opportunities for colleges to work together on issues related to admissions, diversity, and scholarly publication in the Journal of Veterinary Medical Education.

["A shot at the father: a student's assault". Sigmund Freud and the case of Ernst Haberl]. / "Ein Schuss gegen den Vater. Attentat eines Studenten" Sigmund Freud und der "Fall Ernst Haberl".

In the fall of 1922, the Freud family was involved in a criminal case: The son of Mathilde Freud's nursing sister, Ernst Haberl, had shot at his father. With the help of August Aichhorn the Viennese Juvenile Court's social assistance department was engaged on behalf of the young man. Freud commissioned the lawyer Valentin Teirich to defend him in court. The Viennese dailies reported the deed and the trial extensively (Haberl was acquitted). That a comment published in the Neue Freie Presse was written by Freud himself, as Teirich believed, is, according to Anna Freud, highly improbable.

[On the road to a new humanity: the reception of psychoanalysis in the early Kinderladen movement]. / Auf dem Weg zum neuen Menschen: Die Rezeption der Psychoanalyse in der frühen Kinderladenbewegung.

In the late 1960s a group of students in West Germany founded the so-called Kinderläden (day care centers) in order to experiment with new forms of early childhood education. Members of the early Kinderladen movement in particular pursued a radically utopian approach that, they hoped, would engender new human beings. With the aid of psychoanalytic writings, especially those of Wilhelm Reich, they sought to create subjects that would overcome repressive bourgeois norms and live out their sexuality freely. This reliance on Reich entailed a new interpretation of the "base", as psychoanalytic drive theory supplanted Marxist theory. As such, the early Kinderladen ac- tivists regarded the "basis" of society in biological, psychological, and pedagogic rather than economic terms.

[Hedonism and revolution. The reception of psychoanalysis in the Berlin student movement in the 1960s]. / Hedonismus und Revolution. Zur Rezeption der Psychoanalyse in der Berliner Studentenbewegung der sechziger Jahre.

The article takes hedonism and revolution as a vantage point to discuss the Kommune 2, an experiment in collective living, the anti-authoritarian kindergardens for the under-fives, and, last but not least, a speech in 1968 that spurred the women's movement in Western Germany. The author's interest is on the materials documenting how the Berlin student movement saw psychoanalysis: One point was that the pleasure principle should replace the reality principle for the sake of humankind, another that the authoritarian character structure has its roots in the denial of sexuality. Kindergarden children supposedly need "de-individualized identification" to develop ego-strength, when boys and girls differ in their superego organization. An important accomplishment was a group analysis conducted without an analyst, an experiment that worked amazingly well in the Kommune 2. In all, these various experiments in emancipation, with psychoanalysis a guide to interpersonal understanding, may be deemed spectacular when their aftereffects on everyday life in Germany have been tremendous.

Rituals of creativity: tradition, modernity, and the "acoustic unconscious" in a U.S. collegiate jazz music program.

In this article, I seek to complicate the distinction between imitation and creativity, which has played a dominant role in the modern imaginary and anthropological theory. I focus on a U.S. collegiate jazz music program, in which jazz educators use advanced sound technologies to reestablish immersive interaction with the sounds of past jazz masters against the backdrop of the disappearance of performance venues for jazz. I analyze a key pedagogical practice in the course of which students produce precise replications of the recorded improvisations of past jazz masters and then play them in synchrony with the recordings. Through such synchronous iconization, students inhabit and reenact the creativity epitomized by these recordings. I argue that such a practice, which I call a "ritual of creativity," suggests a coconstitutive relationship between imitation and creativity, which has intensified under modernity because of the availability of new technologies of digital reproduction.

Activating diversity: the impact of student race on contributions to course discussions.

Racial diversity is understood to play an important role for all students on the college campus. In recent years, much effort has gone into documenting the positive effects of this diversity. However, few studies have focused on how diversity impacts student interactions in the classroom, and even fewer studies attempt to quantify contributions from students of different races. Using Web blog discussions about race and religion, the authors uncover the differences in contributions black and white students make to those discussions. The implications of these findings are important for scholars interested in how diversity impacts student learning, and for policymakers advocating on behalf of affirmative action legislation.

Social energy and racial segregation in the university context.

OBJECTIVES: Universities often promote their diversity as a selling point, but are students of different races at these universities integrated socially? Using theories on social energy, I examine racial segregation among university students. METHODS: Quantitative data were collected on student residence patterns and social groupings formed at lunch tables at a case study university. In addition, interviews were conducted with 25 students. RESULTS: Students are substantially more segregated than chance predicts. Blacks and Hispanics are particularly segregated. Interviews reveal that these students spend large amounts of social energy coping with prejudice and discrimination as well as functioning in a student culture they find unwelcoming and foreign. CONCLUSIONS: Social energy drains on minority students from discrimination and an unwelcoming campus culture reduce energy left for interracial interaction, making these racial groups more segregated. The study highlights the need for understanding segregation as a function of the interaction of out-group preferences, in-group preferences, and the larger social context.

Young, black, and connected: Facebook usage among African American college students.

This article examines the extent and intensity of Facebook usage among African American college students and investigates their reasons for using Facebook. As expected, 98% of students in the survey had a Facebook account, and a large number of Facebook "friends." Younger users spent significantly more time on Facebook than older ones. Our findings underscore the importance of cultural influence for African American online users. Displaying photographs and personal interests on Facebook signals racial identity among African American college students. Personality traits, such as self-esteem, trust in people, satisfaction with university life, and racial identity, were not significant predictors on the time spent on Facebook.

Concurrent validity of the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI): a study of African American precollege students.

Concurrent validation procedures were employed, using a sample of African American precollege students, to determine the extent to which scale scores obtained from the first edition of the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) were appropriate for diagnostic purposes. Data analysis revealed that 2 of the 10 LASSI scales (i.e., Anxiety and Test Strategies) significantly correlated with a measure of academic ability. These results suggested that scores obtained from these LASSI scales may provide valid assessments of African American precollege students' academic aptitude. Implications for teachers, school counselors, and developmental studies professionals were discussed.