The contribution of school climate, socioeconomic status, ethnocultural affiliation, and school level to language arts scores: A multilevel moderated mediation model.

Evidence suggests that schools can promote academic success and higher grades by reducing the negative effect of socioeconomic disadvantage through the mediation of a positive climate. However, a critical question largely remains unanswered: Does the mediation of positive school climate on the link between socioeconomic background and academic achievement remain similar for all schools in all cultures and among all ethnic groups? Using a nationally representative database with school climate and language arts test scores of primary and secondary Hebrew and Arabic language schools in Israel (N = 1188), we examined the contribution of both internal (i.e., school climate and grade level) and external (i.e., ethnocultural and socioeconomic backgrounds) influences on schools' language arts test scores. Using multilevel analyses, findings indicated that the magnitude of the mediation of positive school climate, as manifested by a greater sense of security and decreased school violence, in the link between socioeconomic status and test scores was significant only for elementary schools educating Arabic language minority populations and not for nonminority elementary Hebrew language schools. However, this was not the case for secondary schools, where evidence of higher test scores in schools with positive school climate did not emerge. Despite the many socioeconomic obstacles that ethnocultural minority students face, these results indicate that schools prioritizing a positive climate can increase academic opportunities and level the playing field for students from vulnerable cultures and backgrounds. School professionals are encouraged to invest resources that improve school climate to support underprivileged students' prosperity, especially in schools educating students from minoritized backgrounds, where more significant contributions likely exist. Implications for educational policy and future research are discussed.

Girls' comparative advantage in language arts explains little of the gender gap in math-related fields: A replication and extension.

Women remain underrepresented in most math-intensive fields. [Breda and Napp, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116, 15435 (2019)] reported that girls' comparative advantage in reading over math (i.e., the intraindividual differences between girls' reading vs. math performance, compared to such differences for boys) could explain up to 80% of the gender gap in students' intentions to pursue math-intensive studies and careers, in conflict with findings from previous research. We conducted a conceptual replication and expanded upon Breda and Napp's study by using new global data (PISA2018, N = 466,165) and a recent US nationally representative longitudinal study (High School Longitudinal Study of 2009, N = 6,560). We coded students' intended majors and careers and their actual college majors. The difference between a student's math vs. reading performance explained only small proportions of the gender gap in students' intentions to pursue math-intensive fields (0.4 to 10.2%) and in their enrollment in math-intensive college majors (12.3%). Consistent with previous studies, our findings suggest girls' comparative advantage in reading explains a minority of the gender gap in math-related majors and occupational intentions and choices. Potential reasons for differences in the estimated effect sizes include differences in the operationalization of math-related choices, the operationalization of math and reading performance, and possibly the timing of measuring intentions and choices. Therefore, it seems premature to conclude that girls' comparative advantage in reading, rather than the cumulative effects of other structural and/or psychological factors, can largely explain the persistent gender gap in math-intensive educational and career choices.

Partnering With Latino/a Caregivers and Community Stakeholders to Understand Priorities and Needs Prior to Implementing an Early Literacy Program.

PURPOSE: Latino/a children disproportionately experience academic vulnerabilities, including in reading. Caregiver-mediated interventions can be leveraged to support the bilingual language development of young Latino/a children to prevent these well-documented disparities in reading. However, in leveraging these programs, it is important to weigh Latino cultural values surrounding education, family connection, and learning alongside the barriers and inequities experienced by Latino families. In response to this need, this study used a community-partnered approach to (a) understand caregivers' needs related to the language and literacy development of their young children and (b) understand perspectives for how best to implement a culturally adapted and culturally responsive caregiver-mediated program. METHOD: A total of 101 caregivers completed a needs assessment of sociodemographic information, child development and needs, and family needs. Subsequently, nonprofit staff and caregivers completed semistructured interviews or focus groups about the development and implementation of a birth-to-5 program supporting early language development. RESULTS: Thirty-five percent of families reported having at least one child with delayed language. Furthermore, 60.3% of respondents reported desiring strategies to support their child's early reading. Deductive content analysis revealed that both staff and caregivers desired a birth-to-5, caregiver-mediated program. Staff described family-level characteristics to consider for an early language program, community strengths, specific inequities faced by Latino families, and suggestions about culturally responsive early language and literacy program content and structure. Caregivers described barriers and inequities that they have faced related to their children's learning and development and how a birth-to-5 program could be responsive to their needs and values. CONCLUSIONS: Staff and caregiver emphasized the resilience of Latino families and their strong values surrounding educational involvement. At the same time, participants also reported barriers and inequities rooted in systemic racism that have prevented families from being involved in certain aspects of the children's education. Together, these results revealed the importance of an early literacy program that is responsive to the structural inequities experienced by families.

Japanese written pseudowords can be conditioned to Japanese spoken words with positive, negative, and active emotions.

This study aimed to examine whether Japanese participants condition spoken words' meanings to written pseudowords. In Survey 1, we selected spoken words associated with negative (α = .91) and positive (α = .79) features for Experiment 1 and passive (α = .90) and active (α = .80) features for Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, participants evaluated four written pseudowords' emotional valence using a 7-point semantic differential scale (1: negative; 7: positive) before and after conditioning spoken words with negative, neutral, or positive features to each pseudoword. In the conditioning phase, participants read each pseudoword, listened to a spoken word, and verbally repeated each spoken word. The results showed that a pseudoword was conditioned to spoken words with positive and negative features. In Experiment 2, participants evaluated four pseudowords' activeness using a 7-point semantic differential scale (1: passive; 7: active) before and after conditioning spoken words of passive, neutral, and active features to each written pseudoword. In the conditioning phase, the participants read each written pseudoword, listened to a spoken word, and repeated the spoken word. The results showed that the activeness evaluations were more increased for pseudowords conditioned to spoken words of active and neutral features after conditioning than before conditioning but were unchanged for a pseudoword conditioned to those with passive features before and after conditioning. Additonally, Survey 2's results showed that although the positiveness and activeness responses of the words used in Experiments 1 and 2 were controlled well, the lack of significant differences among positiveness responses of words may influence the evaluative conditioning in Experiment 2. That is, when participants condition passive (low arousal) words' activeness (arousal) ratings to those of pseudowords, words' positiveness (valence) ratings would be important in the evaluative conditioning. Our findings suggest that participants can condition spoken word meanings of preference and activeness to those of written pseudowords. It also indicates that linguistically evaluative conditioning's effects are robust in a non-alphabetic language.

Do ouvido ao narrado: interlocução terapeuta-sujeito com afasia em atividade com história em quadrinhos / From heard to narrated: therapist-subject with aphasia interlocution in an activity with comic books

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a interlocução terapeuta-sujeito com afasia no processo de interpretação e organização de história em quadrinhos. Métodos Estudo transversal, de natureza qualitativa. Os dados coletados foram de situações enunciativas audiogravadas e apresentadas descritivamente por quadros de interlocução (A1-T1) e (A2-T2), registrando atividade com Histórias em Quadrinhos (HQ), realizada em encontro do Grupo Interdisciplinar de Convivência da instituição, do qual participaram sujeitos com e sem afasia. Analisou-se a interlocução entre duas terapeutas em formação (T1 e T2) e dois sujeitos com afasia (A1 e A2). Resultados As interlocuções entre A1-T1 e A2-T2, ocorridas durante o processo de organização das HQ, evidenciaram posicionamentos diferentes das terapeutas, no que tange ao ouvido e ao narrado. A1 foi reconhecida por T1 como sujeito de linguagem, à medida que a terapeuta promoveu a disjunção, ou seja, encaminhou A1 à condição de locutor; o mesmo fato não ocorreu com A2 e T2, pois o primeiro não foi reconhecido como sujeito de linguagem, já que T2 manteve-se em conjunção, não conferindo lugar de fala a A2. Conclusão A enunciação benvenistiana configura-se como recurso teórico-metodológico para análise e intervenção clínica junto a sujeitos com afasia. O contexto de convivência grupal impõe-se como lócus de cuidado e formativo para as diferentes áreas de atenção às pessoas com afasia, articulando, interdisciplinarmente, aspectos da enunciação à prática terapêutica.

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the therapist-subject with aphasia interlocution in the process of interpretation and organization of comics. Methods Cross-sectional study of a qualitative nature. The data are from audio-recorded enunciative situations and presented descriptively by interlocution charts (A1-T1) and (A2-T2), registering activity with Comics, held at a meeting of the Interdisciplinary Group of Coexistence (GIC) in which subjects with and without aphasia participate. The interlocution between two therapists in training (T1 and T2) and two subjects with aphasia (A1 and A2) is analyzed. Results: The interlocutions between A1-T1 and A2-T2, which occurred during the process of organization of the comic, show different positions of the therapists regarding the ear and the narrated. A1 is recognized by T1 as a subject of language as the therapist promotes disjunction, that is, it directs A1 to the condition of speaker; the same does not occur with A2 and T2, because the former is not recognized as a subject of language, since T2 remains in conjunction, not giving A2 speaking space. Conclusion Benvenistian enunciation is configured as a theoretical and methodological resource for analysis and clinical intervention with subjects with aphasia; the context of group coexistence imposes itself as a locus of care and training for the different areas of attention to people with aphasia, articulating, interdisciplinary, aspects of enunciation to therapeutic practice.

Paradigma manicomial e proibicionismo como operadores da guerra de raças no Brasil / Asylum paradigm and prohibitionism operating the racial war in Brazil / Paradigma asilar y prohibicionismo como operadores de la guerra racial en Brasil

Este artigo relaciona o paradigma manicomial, relativo à assistência psiquiátrica, à compreensão e ao manejo do campo da saúde mental, ao paradigma proibicionista, referente ao porte, uso e à circulação de drogas, como duas séries de políticas e práticas sociais que operam a guerra de raças que está na base do Estado brasileiro. Com isso, propomos uma investigação arqueogenealógica acerca do emaranhado de condições de emergência das práticas e objetos de saber-poder mobilizados por esses dois paradigmas, atentando ao caráter político das verdades que as sustentam. Dedicamo-nos especialmente ao período entre o final do século XIX e o começo do XX ao interrogar as dinâmicas de forças que constituem as práticas sociais e seus efeitos de subjetivação, produzidos pela sujeição de corpos por meio de uma diversidade de mecanismos morais, disciplinares, eugênicos, higienistas e biopolíticos que articulam os anseios de modernização e produtividade do Estado brasileiro à gestão dos problemas de saúde e segurança do país, colocando a pobreza, o vício e a doença como desdobramento da sua constituição racial. Concluímos, por fim, que o conflito de raças aparece como fundo intrínseco que se atualiza no cerne e a partir dos campos problemáticos da saúde mental e das drogas, colocando como saída dos impasses sociais e políticos eliminar ou pelo menos diluir, via miscigenação ou submissão para integração, o elemento físico e cultural do negro do Brasil.(AU)

This article puts in relation the asylum paradigm, associated to psychiatric care, to the understanding and management of the mental health field, to the prohibitionist paradigm, that refers to the possession, use and circulation of drugs, as two series of social policies and practices that operate racial war that is in the base of the Brazilian State. So on, we propose an archeogenealogical investigation about the emergency conditions of the practices and objects of knowledge-power organized by these two paradigms, paying attention to the political character of the truths that support them. Looking especially at the period between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, we questioned the dynamics of forces that constitute social practices and their effects of subjectivation, produced by the subjection of bodies through moral, disciplinary, eugenic, hygienist and biopolitics mechanisms that articulate the modernization and productivity aspirations of the Brazilian State to the management of the country's health and safety problems, understanding poverty, addiction and disease as consequences of its racial constitution. We conclude that the conflict of races is an intrinsic background that is updated at the heart of the problematic fields of mental health and drugs. Considering this, the solution for social and political impasses is the elimination or at least dilution, through miscegenation or submission for integration, of the physical and cultural element of black people in Brazil.(AU)

Este artículo relaciona el paradigma asilar de atención psiquiátrica, comprensión y manejo del campo de la salud mental, con el paradigma prohibicionista, referente a al uso y circulación de drogas, como dos series de políticas y prácticas sociales que operan la guerra racial que está en el fundamento del Estado brasileño. Así, proponemos una investigación arqueogenealógica sobre las condiciones de emergencia de prácticas y objetos de saber-poder movilizados por estos dos paradigmas, prestando atención al carácter político de las verdades que los sustentan. Nos dedicamos especialmente al período entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX buscando la dinámica de fuerzas que constituyen a las prácticas sociales y sus efectos de subjetivación, producidos por la sujeción de los cuerpos a través de una diversidad de mecanismos morales, disciplinarios, eugenésicos, higienistas y biopolíticos que articulan las aspiraciones de modernización y productividad del Estado brasileño a la gestión de los problemas de salud y seguridad del país, comprendiendo la pobreza, la adicción y la enfermedad como resultado de su constitución racial. Finalmente, concluimos que el conflicto racial aparece como un trasfondo intrínseco que se actualiza en el cerne y desde los campos problemáticos de la salud mental y de las drogas, tomando como soluciones a los impasses sociales y políticos nacionales, la eliminación o al menos la dilución, a través del mestizaje o de la sumisión para fines de integración, del elemento físico y cultural del negro en Brasil.(AU)

Licentîa hypomnema: reflections and perceptions in teacher education / Licentîa hypomnema: reflexões e percepções na formação de educadoras(es) / Licentîa hypomnema: reflexiones y percepciones en la formación del profesorado

Student protagonism is paramount in the knowledge construction process. In this paper, we discuss a didactic-pedagogical resource called licentîa hypomnema (LH), inspired in portfolios and learning diaries in which student-teachers record their understandings and reflections regarding pedagogical topics learned at University in a meta-learning process on learning about teaching. The initial context of the research was a Psychological Development and Teaching course, offered in the Teacher Education program at Universidade de Brasília (UnB). Two of the authors, then Literacy and Languages Teaching students, produced their LH and peer assessed each other during the course. In their annotations, the student-authors recorded two pedagogical situations related to the use of LH in their own teaching practices, causing an impact on their formative path. These materials consist of the data for analysis and discussion. Moreover, we discuss possible uses of reflexive writing in teacher education and other learning contexts. Producing a LH supports knowledge production and allows students to connect theory and practice, which consequently influences the student's teaching practice. Since LH is a didactic-pedagogical resource and not a close-ended tool, both the context and individuals who use it should be considered.(AU)

O protagonismo de estudantes tem grande importância no processo de construção do conhecimento. Neste artigo, discutimos um recurso didático-pedagógico chamado licentîa hypomnema (LH), inspirado em portfólios e diários de aprendizagem, isto é, estudantes de licenciatura escrevem suas compreensões e reflexões acerca de assuntos pedagógicos vistos na universidade em um processo de meta-aprendizagem sobre aprender a ensinar. O contexto inicial da pesquisa foi um curso de Desenvolvimento Psicológico e Ensino, ministrado em cursos de Licenciatura da Universidade de Brasília (UnB). Duas das autoras eram estudantes do curso de Letras, elas produziram seus LH, realizando avaliação por pares entre si durante o curso. As estudantes-autoras trouxeram em seus registros duas situações pedagógicas relacionadas ao uso desse recurso em suas próprias práticas de ensino que causaram um impacto em suas trajetórias formativas. São esses relatos que compõem os dados para análise e discussão. Além disso, procuramos discutir possíveis desdobramentos para o uso do recurso da escrita reflexiva na formação docente e em outros contextos de aprendizagem. A produção do LH fornece suporte para a produção de conhecimento e permite ao aluno conectar teoria e prática, o que, consequentemente, reverbera na prática de ensino do aluno. O LH é um recurso didático-pedagógico e não uma ferramenta fechada, portanto, tanto o contexto quanto as pessoas que o utilizam devem ser considerados.(AU)

El protagonismo de los estudiantes tiene gran importancia en el proceso de construcción del conocimiento. En este trabajo, discutimos un recurso didáctico-pedagógico llamado licentîa hypomnema (LH), que se inspira en diarios de aprendizaje, es decir, estudiantes de profesorado escriben sus comprensiones y reflexiones sobre temas pedagógicos aprendidos en la universidad, produciendo un proceso de meta-aprendizaje sobre aprender a enseñar. El contexto inicial de la investigación fue un curso de Desarrollo Psicológico y Enseñanza, impartido en el programa de Formación de Profesores de la Universidade de Brasília (UnB). Dos de las autoras eran alumnas de la carrera de Letras que produjeron sus LH y realizaron una evaluación por pares mutua durante el curso. Las estudiantes autoras plantearon en su LH dos situaciones pedagógicas relacionadas con el uso de este recurso en sus propias prácticas de enseñanza, causando un impacto en su trayectoria formativa. Estos materiales constituyen los datos para el análisis y la discusión en esta investigación. Buscamos discutir posibles desdoblamientos para el uso del recurso de la escritura reflexiva en la formación docente y en otros contextos de aprendizaje. La producción de este recurso da soporte a la producción de conocimiento y permite al estudiante conectar teoría y práctica, lo que consecuentemente repercute en su práctica docente. El LH es un recurso didáctico-pedagógico y no una herramienta cerrada, por lo tanto, se debe considerar tanto el contexto como las personas que lo utilizan.(AU)

Intervención educativa para la consolidación de habilidades y destrezas en el idioma inglés / Educational intervention for the consolidation of abilities and skills in the management of the English language

Introducción: La consolidación de destrezas y habilidades en el dominio del idioma inglés constituye una de las prioridades en el perfil de graduado de los estudiantes de la carrera de Nutrición. Objetivo: Consolidar las destrezas y habilidades de los estudiantes de la carrera de Nutrición en el dominio del idioma inglés. Métodos: Se desarrolló una investigación aplicada, con diseño cuasiexperimental, enfoque mixto y alcance descriptivo. El universo estuvo compuesto por 151 estudiantes de la carrera de Nutrición de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo entre septiembre 2021 y marzo 2022; de los cuales 110 formaron parte de la muestra del estudio y a quienes se le aplicó una intervención educativa. La intervención estuvo orientada, en un primer momento, a identificar las falencias relacionadas con el dominio del idioma inglés; a partir de los resultados se trazó la estrategia y después de terminada la intervención se realizó una evaluación. Se empleó la prueba de McNemar para identificar cambios significativos en el nivel de destrezas y habilidades de los estudiantes. Resultados: Al inicio de la investigación se registraron bajos niveles de destreza en todas las habilidades del idioma inglés. Después de terminar la intervención se elevó considerablemente el dominio del idioma inglés en los estudiantes. Se evidenció una mejoría significativa en cuanto a la comprensión, habla, interpretación y escritura. Conclusiones: La intervención educativa aplicada mejoró el nivel de destreza de los estudiantes de la carrera de Nutrición con respecto a las habilidades relacionadas con el dominio del idioma inglés(AU)

Introduction: The consolidation of skills and abilities in the management of the English language constitutes one of the priorities in the graduate profile of the students of the nutrition career of the Higher Polytechnic School of Chimborazo. Objective: To consolidate the skills and abilities of the students of the nutrition career, in the management of the English language. Methods: an applied research was developed, with a quasi-experimental design, a mixed approach and a descriptive scope. The universe was made up of 151 students of the nutrition career of the Polytechnic Higher School of Chimborazo; of which 110 were part of the study sample and to whom an educational intervention was applied. The intervention was oriented, at first, to identify the shortcomings related to the use of the English language; from the results was plotted. After the intervention ended, an evaluation was carried out and the McNemar test was used to identify significant changes in the level of skills and abilities of the students. Results: At the beginning of the investigation, low skill levels were recorded in all English language skills. After finishing the intervention, the command of the English language in the students increased considerably. A significant improvement was evidenced in terms of comprehension, speaking, interpretation and writing. Conclusions: The educational intervention applied improved the skill level of the students of the nutrition career around the skills related to the command of the English language(AU)

En defensa del gerundio proscrito ni horror, ni error / In defense of the proscribed gerund neither horror, nor error

RESUMEN Introducción: una dificultad lingüística recurrente en los textos escritos de los profesionales de la salud radica en la incorrecta utilización del gerundio debido a la influencia del idioma inglés en el español, las malas traducciones, el desconocimiento lingüístico y las concepciones erróneas ―dogmáticas― arraigadas. Objetivo: fundamentar el empleo acertado del gerundio español en la redacción científica, como importante y necesaria estructura del idioma español. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, se consultaron 32 textos ―tesis de grado, artículos originales y de revisión-. Después de la lectura preliminar, se seleccionaron 20, teniendo en cuenta la actualización de la bibliografía y su pertinencia con el objetivo propuesto. Resultados: según el análisis, el gerundio puede ser utilizado correctamente en las más disímiles situaciones. Las multiplicidades de funciones otorgadas a esta forma no personal verbal por inexpertos en el idioma han lastrado sus funciones y han generado temor entre los que desconocen sus bondades y posibilidades. Los autores consideran que la superación lingüística en el conocimiento morfosintáctico del idioma es casi nula en un contexto universitario donde la prioridad es el dominio de las ciencias médicas, unido al desinterés de algunos profesionales del sector por no considerar el lenguaje como la mejor herramienta para su proyección intelectual y como aspecto inherente a su imagen profesional. Conclusiones: se constató que las generalidades de los autores consultados coinciden en que el gerundio puede utilizarse en todos los estilos de redacción, incluyendo el científico, siempre que se emplee en correspondencia con las normas lingüísticas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: a recurrent linguistic difficulty in the written texts of health professionals lies in the incorrect use of the gerund due to the influence of the English language in Spanish, bad translations, linguistic ignorance and ingrained ―dogmatic― misconceptions. Objective: to base the correct use of the Spanish gerund in scientific writing, as an important and necessary structure of the Spanish language. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out, 32 texts were consulted ― degree theses, original articles and review articles. After preliminary reading, 20 were selected, taking into account the updating of the bibliography and its relevance to the proposed objective. Results: according to the analysis, the gerund can be correctly used in the most dissimilar situations. The multiplicities of functions granted to this non-personal verbal form by inexperienced in the language have weighed down its functions and have generated fear among those who are unaware of its benefits and possibilities. The authors consider that linguistic improvement in the morphosyntactic knowledge of the language is almost nil in a university context where the priority is the domain of medical sciences, together with the lack of interest of some professionals in the branch for not considering language as the best tool for its intellectual projection and as an inherent aspect of their professional image. Conclusions: it was found that the generality of the consulted authors agree that the gerund can be used in all writing styles, including the scientific one, as long as it is used in correspondence with the linguistic norms.

Short-Term and Long-Term Educational Outcomes of Infants Born Moderately and Late Preterm.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship of moderate and late preterm birth (320/7-366/7 weeks) to long-term educational outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: We hypothesized that moderate and late preterm birth would be associated with adverse outcomes in elementary school. To test this, we linked vital statistics patient discharge data from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development including birth outcomes, to the 2015-2016 school year administrative data of a large, urban school district (n = 72 316). We compared the relative risk of moderate and late preterm and term infants for later adverse neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes in kindergarten through the 12th grade. RESULTS: After adjusting for socioeconomic status, compared with term birth, moderate and late preterm birth was associated with an increased risk of low performance in mathematics and English language arts, chronic absenteeism, and suspension. These risks emerged in kindergarten through grade 2 and remained in grades 3-5, but seemed to wash out in later grades, with the exception of suspension, which remained through grades 9-12. CONCLUSIONS: Confirming our hypothesis, moderate and late preterm birth was associated with adverse educational outcomes in late elementary school, indicating that it is a significant risk factor that school districts could leverage when targeting early intervention. Future studies will need to test these relations in geographically and socioeconomically diverse school districts, include a wider variety of outcomes, and consider how early interventions moderate associations between birth outcomes and educational outcomes.

Systematic CHAAOS: Teaching Vocabulary in English/Language Arts Special Education Classes in Middle School.

In this multi-year study, we taught English/Language Arts teachers of students with learning disabilities in middle school to incorporate 15 min of daily vocabulary activities with students in their intact special education English/Language Arts classes. During Year 1, teachers taught 48 words to their sixth grade students, who learned and retained the words significantly better than the students in business-as-usual (BAU) control classes. In the current study, we report the second year results, as the sixth grade students entered seventh grade. Students (n = 42) in treatment classes again learned 48 new vocabulary words significantly better than similar students in BAU (n = 21) special education classes. In seventh grade, students also outperformed BAU students on maintenance of these age-appropriate words (p < .001) and on a standardized measure of vocabulary (p = .04).

Educação física, corpo e linguagem / Physical education, body and language / Educación física, cuerpo, lenguaje

Trata-se de um dossiê cujo objetivo é discutir a relação entre a EF, o corpo e a linguagem. Reúne artigos escritos por colegas da Espanha, do Chile e do Brasil. Analisa a temática desde perspectivas teóricas e metodológicas diversas, todas elas empenhadas em garantir centralidade ao corpo no processo de elaboração do conhecimento e na própria linguagem.

This special issue discusses the relation between Physical Education, body and language. It embraces papers by researchers from Spain, Chile and Brazil, which analyze this theme from different theoretical and methodological approaches, all of them interested in underlining the main role of the body on the processes of making of knowledge and language.

Se tratade un dosier cuyoobjetivo es discutir la relación entre la Educación Física, el cuerpo y el lenguaje. Reúne artículos escritos por colegas de España, Chile y Brasil. Analiza la temática desde perspectivas teóricasy metodológicas diversas, todas ellas dedicadas a garantizar centralidad al cuerpo en el proceso de elaboración del conocimiento y en el propiolenguaje.

Effects of PM2.5 on Third Grade Students' Proficiency in Math and English Language Arts.

Fine particulate air pollution is harmful to children in myriad ways. While evidence is mounting that chronic exposures are associated with reduced academic proficiency, no research has examined the frequency of peak exposures. It is also unknown if pollution exposures influence academic proficiency to the same degree in all schools or if the level of children's social disadvantage in schools modifies the effects, such that some schools' academic proficiency levels are more sensitive to exposures. We address these gaps by examining the percentage of third grade students who tested below the grade level in math and English language arts (ELA) in Salt Lake County, Utah primary schools (n = 156), where fine particulate pollution is a serious health threat. More frequent peak exposures were associated with reduced math and ELA proficiency, as was greater school disadvantage. High frequency peak exposures were more strongly linked to lower math proficiency in more advantaged schools. Findings highlight the need for policies to reduce the number of days with peak air pollution.

Psychoanalysis vis-à-vis irony: a review of the main approaches and conceptions of irony / A psicanálise vis-à-vis à ironia: revisão das principais abordagens e concepções de ironia

RESUMO: Historicamente marcada por uma polissemia problemática e uma nítida dificuldade de apreensão, a ironia se constitui em uma noção polimorfa para diversas áreas do conhecimento — característica que se redobra na psicanálise, na qual os raros trabalhos dedicados à ironia ignoram este estado de coisas: para Freud, uma técnica de chiste; para Reik, a rejeição de um mundo presente frustrante; para Assoun, a retórica do inconsciente. Este trabalho visa circunscrever as principais abordagens da ironia, revendo criticamente a literatura qualificada e delimitando suas múltiplas definições e problemáticas de modo a fornecer subsídios para sua abordagem pela psicanálise.

Abstract: Irony is a polymorphous notion, historically known for its polysemy and for posing an undeniable difficulty to its apprehension. This characteristic is redoubled in psychoanalysis, field in which the rare works dedicated to irony take one definition amongst many others. For Freud, irony is taken as a joke technique; for Reik, the rejection of a frustrating world; for Assoun, the rhetoric of Unconscious itself. This work aims to circumscribe the main approaches of irony, critically reviewing the specialized literature, highlighting the major questions and definitions of irony in order to provide elements to its approach in psychoanalysis.

The impact of the introduction of bilingual learning on sixth grade educational achievement levels.

Bilingualism was implemented in the Community of Madrid (Spain) more than ten years ago, through the incorporation of the English language in the teaching methods of certain schools. Since that time, various research projects have been carried out, with the objective of comparing the academic performance of students in bilingual schools with those in non-bilingual schools. The present paper makes use of primary education data from the Department of Education and Research for the Community of Madrid in an effort to analyze whether or not bilingualism results in the relative improvement of educational outcomes achieved in primary schools in the Region of Madrid, in Spain. More specifically, the data used is from sixth grade classrooms, given that, generally speaking, in this grade all schools give a standardized test which measures academic performance in Math, Science and Technology, Spanish Language Arts and English Language Arts. Our assessment makes use of a multinomial logit model, and includes the most common variables found in the research on the determination of educational outcomes (variables related to whether or not schools are bilingual, which is the main focus of this paper), as well as other less common variables considered to be relevant. These include absenteeism, satisfaction levels among families and students, and the percentage of students in second chance programs. The results show that bilingualism does not lower children performance in the subjects taught in English or in the subjects taught in Spanish. Academic performance in Mathematics, Science and Technology, and Spanish Language Arts is similar with respect to those schools which are not bilingual. However, results in English are significantly higher in bilingual schools when compared to non-bilingual schools.

O estruturalismo na obra de Jacques Lacan: um retorno a questão da linguagem / Structuralism in Jacques Lacan's work: returning to the question of language / Estructuralismo en el trabajo de Jacques Lacan: un regreso a la cuestión del lenguaje / Le structuralisme dans l´oeuvre de Jacques Lacan: un retour á la question du langage

Este artigo busca analisar as contribuições do movimento estruturalista para o avanço da psicanálise lacaniana. Para isso, apresentamos um breve histórico sobre as origens desse pensamento e suas principais filiações. Tanto a antropologia de Lévi-Strauss quanto a linguística de Jakobson possibilitaram que Lacan realizasse o seu projeto freudiano atravessado por uma nova forma de produzir ciência. No entanto, destacamos que a relação de Lacan com a linguística saussuriana teve um impacto singular para os rumos da psicanálise. Lacan encontrou na linguística estrutural uma possibilidade de trazer a psicanálise de volta para o seu campo específico - o da linguagem. Desse modo, o estruturalismo ocupa um lugar importante na história da psicanálise, fato este que tentamos demonstrar nesse trabalho.

This article analyzes the contributions of the structuralist movement to the advance of Lacanian psychoanalysis. The study presents a brief history of the structuralism and its main affiliations. Both Lévi-Strauss's anthropology and Jakobson's linguistics enabled Lacan to carry out his Freudian project characterized by a new way of producing science. However, the study highlights that Lacan's relationship with Saussurian linguistics had a unique impact on the direction of psychoanalysis. Lacan found in structural linguistics a possibility of bringing psychoanalysis back to its specific field - language. Thus, structuralism occupies an important place in the history of psychoanalysis, a fact that we try to demonstrate in this work.

Este artículo analiza las contribuciones del movimiento estructuralista al avance del psicoanálisis lacaniana. Para esto, presentamos una breve historia sobre los orígenes de este pensamiento y sus principales afiliaciones. Tanto la antropología de Lévi-Strauss como la lingüística de Jakobson le permitieron a Lacan realizar su proyecto freudiano atravesado por una nueva forma de producir ciencia. Sin embargo, destacamos que la relación de Lacan con la lingüística saussuriana tuvo un impacto único en la dirección del psicoanálisis. Lacan encontró en la lingüística estructural la posibilidad de devolver el psicoanálisis a su campo específico: el del lenguaje. Así, el estructuralismo ocupa un lugar importante en la historia del psicoanálisis, un hecho que intentamos demostrar en este trabajo.

Cet article cherche à analyser les contributions du mouvement structuraliste pour le développement de la psychanalyse lacanienne. Pour ce faire, nous présentons un bref historique des origines de cette pensée et ses filiations plus importantes. Aussi bien l'anthropologie de Lévi-Strauss que la linguistique de Jakobson ont permis à Lacan de réaliser son projet freudien coupé par une nouvelle façon de produire de la science. Nous signalons, cependant, que le rapport de Lacan avec la linguistique saussurienne a frappé, particulièrement, la marche de la psychanalyse. Lacan a trouvé, dans la linguistique structurelle, une possibilité de faire revenir la psychanalyse à son domaine spécifique, celui du langage. Ainsi, le structuralisme occupe une place importante dans l'histoire de la psychanalyse, un fait que nous essayons de démontrer dans cet ouvrage.

El cuestionable empleo del gerundio en la redacción científica de los profesionales de la salud / The gerund questionable use in the scientific writing of health professionals

RESUMEN Fundamento: en la redacción científica se producen numerosas incorrecciones que provocan imprecisiones y anfibologías en los mensajes, entre ellas el uso incorrecto del gerundio, signo cuestionado e incluso rechazado por algunos investigadores. Objetivo: caracterizar el empleo del gerundio en la redacción científica de algunos profesionales de la salud. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva en la Facultad de Tecnología-Enfermería, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, durante 2018 y primer trimestre de 2019. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción; empíricos: revisión documental como fuente de datos primarios, encuesta en forma de cuestionario aplicado a profesionales y el análisis del discurso en los artículos científicos analizados; y matemáticos para los datos numéricos. Resultados: se constataron empleos correctos del gerundio simultáneo y perifrástico, esencialmente con estar; también el explicativo e ilocutivo; en otras situaciones lo utilizan de manera incorrecta: reiterado, con acción posterior y función adjetiva. Se percibió algún rechazo hacia su empleo en documentos científicos, debido a ciertas concepciones dogmáticas arraigadas, lo que condujo a cuestionamiento entre los investigadores. Conclusiones: se reafirma la necesidad de superación idiomática, en la que se incentive el uso del gerundio como un elemento que aporta diversos matices al texto científico.

ABSTRACT Background: in the scientific writing there are numerous inaccuracies that cause errors and amphibologies in the messages, including the incorrect use of the gerund, a questioned sign and even rejected by some researchers. Objective: to characterize the use of the gerund in the scientific writing of some health professionals. Methods: a descriptive investigation was carried out in the Faculty of Technology - Nursing, in Villa Clara, from20 18 to the first quarter of 2019. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction; Empirical ones: documentary review as a source of primary data, questionnaire survey applied to professionals and discourse analysis in the scientific articles analyzed; and mathematics for numerical data. Results: the correct use of simultaneous and peripheral gerund was found, essentially with being; also the explanatory and ilocutive; in other situations they use it incorrectly: repeated, with subsequent action and adjective function. Some rejection was perceived towards its use in scientific documents, due to certain entrenched dogmatic conceptions, which led to questioning among researchers. Conclusions: the need for language improvement is reaffirmed, in which the use of the gerund is encouraged as an element that brings diverse nuances to the scientific text.

Crime and Inequality in Academic Achievement Across School Districts in the United States.

This study investigates the effect of violent crime on school district-level achievement in English language arts (ELA) and mathematics. The research design exploits variation in achievement and violent crime across 813 school districts in the United States and seven birth cohorts of children born between 1996 and 2002. The identification strategy leverages exogenous shocks to crime rates arising from the availability of federal funds to hire police officers in the local police departments where the school districts operate. Results show that children who entered the school system when the violent crime rate in their school districts was lower score higher in ELA by the end of eighth grade, relative to children attending schools in the same district but who entered the school system when the violent crime rate was higher. A 10% decline in the violent crime rate experienced at ages 0-6 raises eighth-grade ELA achievement in the district by 0.03 standard deviations. Models that estimate effects by race and gender show larger impacts among Black children and boys. The district-wide effect on mathematics achievement is smaller and statistically nonsignificant. These findings extend our understanding of the geography of educational opportunity in the United States and reinforce the idea that understanding inequalities in academic achievement requires evidence on what happens inside as well as outside schools.

Cross-Domain Trajectories of Students' Ability Self-Concepts and Intrinsic Values in Math and Language Arts.

Different cross-domain trajectories in the development of students' ability self-concepts (ASCs) and their intrinsic valuing of math and language arts were examined in a cross-sequential study spanning Grades 1 through 12 (n = 1,069). Growth mixture modeling analyses identified a Moderate Math Decline/Stable High Language Arts class and a Moderate Math Decline/Strong Language Arts Decline class for students' ASC trajectories. Students' intrinsic value trajectories included a Strong Math Decline/Language Arts Decline Leveling Off, a Moderate Math Decline/Strong Language Arts Decline, and a Stable Math and Language Arts Trajectories class. These classes differed with regard to student characteristics, including gender, family background, and math and reading aptitudes. They also resulted in different high school math course enrollments, career aspirations, and adult careers.