Influência do tipo de preparo na adaptação interna e infiltração marginal em laminados cerâmicos / Influence of the design preparation on the internal adaptation and marginal infiltration in ceramic laminate veneers

Este estudo laboratorial teve como objetivo avaliar a infiltração marginal, adaptação interna e gap cervical de laminados cerâmicos, em função da realização ou não de preparo. Método: Vinte e quatro incisivos centrais superiores hígidos, com volumes e tamanhos padronizados, foram subdivididos em dois grupos, n=12, de acordo com o tipo de preparo. GRUPO CP - minimamente invasivo com linha de término na extensão do preparo; GRUPO SP ­ sem preparo, somente remoção de áreas retentivas. Todos os espécimes foram moldados com silicone de adição (Virtual Ivoclar - Vivadent), e sobre os modelos obtidos foram confeccionados laminados em cerâmica de Dissilicato de Lítio (Emax Press Ivoclar-Vivadent) com espessuras entre 0.3/0.7mm. Após ajustes, as peças foram cimentadas com cimento resinoso fotopolimerizável (Variolink Esthetic LC Ivoclar ­ Vivadent), seguindo as recomendações do fabricante. Em seguidas os espécimes foram envelhecidos em cicladoras térmica, 6.000 ciclos de 5 a 55ºC, e mecânica com 100N por 100.000 ciclos. Após o término das ciclagens todos foram imersos em substância corante por 24 horas e cortados paralelamente ao eixo do dente e horizontalmente para avaliação da infiltração marginal, adaptação interna e gap cervical em esteriomicroscópio. Os resultados apontaram que, na infiltração marginal, o grupo CP teve a maior média na região cervical (1,601 mm) comparado ao grupo SP (1,471 mm), porém não estatisticamente significante. Em ambos os grupos a infiltração marginal na região cervical foi maior que na proximal, diferindo estatisticamente. A adaptação interna foi melhor no grupo CP nos três terços analisados, porém somente no terço cervical houve diferença estatisticamente significante. O gap cervical teve menores valores no grupo SP, porém sem diferença estatisticamente significante. Conclui-se que o tipo de preparo não apresentou influência significativa em termos de infiltração marginal e adaptação, mostrando que ambas as situações podem ser clinicamente aceitáveis(AU)

This laboratory study aimed to evaluate the marginal infiltration, internal adaptation and cervical gap of ceramic laminate venners, by whether or not preparation. Method: Twenty-four upper central incisors with standard volumes and sizes were subdivided into two groups, n = 12, according to the type of preparation. CP GROUP - minimally invasive with finishing line in preparation extension; GRUPO SP - without preparation, only removal of retentive areas. All the specimens were molded with addition silicone (Virtual Ivoclar - Vivadent), on the obtained models laminates in ceramic of Lithium Dissilicate (Emax Press Ivoclar - Vivadent) were made with thicknesses between 0.3 / 0.7mm. After adjustments, the pieces were cemented with photopolymerizable resin cement (Variolink Esthetic LC Ivoclar - Vivadent), following the manufacturer's instructions. Then the specimens were aged in thermal cycling machine, 6,000 cycles of 5 to 55ºC, and mechanical with 100N per 100,000 cycles. After the cycling, all specimens were immersed in dye substance for 24 hours and cut parallel to the axis of the tooth and horizontally for evaluation of marginal infiltration, internal adaptation and cervical gap in stereomicroscope. The results showed that, in marginal infiltration, the CP group had the highest mean in the cervical region (1.601 mm) compared to the SP group (1.471 mm), but not statistically significant. In both groups the marginal infiltration in the cervical region was greater than in the proximal one, differing statistically. Internal adaptation was better in the CP group in the three thirds analyzed, but only in the cervical third there was a statistically significant difference. The cervical gap had lower values in the SP group, but without statistically significant difference. It was concluded that the type of preparation did not have significant influence in terms of marginal infiltration and adaptation, showing that both situations can be clinically acceptable(AU)

Randomized controlled clinical study of veneered zirconia abutments for single implant crowns: Clinical, histological, and microbiological outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effect of veneering of the submucosal part of zirconia abutments and the type of retention (cemented vs screw-retained) on clinical, microbiological, and histological outcomes of single-tooth implant crowns. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 44 patients with a single missing tooth to be replaced by an implant in the anterior region participated in the study. Implants were randomly assigned to receive zirconia-based CAD/CAM reconstructions using either one of four treatment modalities: cement-retained with submucosal veneering (CR-P), cement-retained without submucosal veneering (CR-W), screw-retained with submucosal veneering (SR-P), and screw-retained without submucosal veneering (SR-W). Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline (after crown insertion), at 6 and 12 months. Histological and microbiological analyses were performed at 6 months. Descriptive statistics and the Kruskal-Wallis test were applied. RESULTS: The clinical evaluation revealed, in general, stable peri-implant soft tissues with minimal differences for all measured parameters between the four groups, except for bleeding on probing with the two cemented groups exhibiting higher values at 12 months (35.0% ± 26.5% for CR-W and 25.0% ± 38.8% for CR-P versus 13.1 ± 14.8 for SR-W and 13.0 ± 18.2 for SR-P). The descriptive and semi-quantitative histology showed a trend for a higher inflammatory reaction in the two cemented (a medium to high number of inflammatory cells) compared to the screw-retained groups (low number of inflammatory cells) at 6 months. The microbiological test demonstrated low bacterial counts and a similar distribution in between the groups except for two species (Tannerella forsythia and Peptostreptococcus micros) that were found in higher counts in the cemented groups at 6 months. CONCLUSION: Submucosal veneering of zirconia abutments did not negatively affect the health of the peri-implant tissues. The cemented groups, though, did show a clinical and histological trend to higher levels of inflammation.

Thermal cracks of implant-based zirconia four-unit restorations: A fractographic analysis of two restorations fractured during production.

Two zirconia-based 4-unit restorations intended for the same patient fractured during the veneering process even though the prolonged cooling protocol recommended by the manufacturers was used. Fractographic analyses revealed that both restorations fractured as a result of thermal shock, but at different times during production. Further investigation is necessary to optimize the firing protocols for large zirconia-based restorations and avoid fracture due to thermal shock.

Marginal Adaptation and Fracture Resistance of Lithium Disilicate Laminate Veneers on Teeth with Different Preparation Depths.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation and fracture load of ceramic laminate veneers on teeth with different preparation depths. A total of 75 extracted intact human maxillary central incisors were prepared with three different preparation depths (P) and assigned to the following five groups (n = 15): P1 (0.3-mm depth of preparation; preparation entirely in enamel); P2 (0.5-mm depth of preparation; preparation in enamel and dentin complex); P3 (1-mm depth of preparation; preparation entirely in dentin); P4 (no preparation, only surface roughening); and P5 (unrestored, intact teeth as control). A total of 60 lithium disilicate laminate veneers were fabricated. The marginal adaptation of the veneers was evaluated by light microscope and scanning electron microscope after cementation with resin cement. Finally, the veneers were loaded until fracture at a 90-degree angle to the lingual surface of the tooth. Statistical analyses were performed using analysis of variance and Tukey multiple range test. There was a significant difference between the marginal gap value of the distocervical measurement points of P1 and P2 and the distal measurement points of P3 and P4 (P = .33 and P = .017, respectively). The highest fracture resistance values were observed in the P5 group (mean: 389.55 ± 22 N) and the P2 group (mean: 322.86 ± 79.38 N), and the lowest values were observed in the P3 group (mean: 219.21 ± 60.74 N). The marginal adaptation of the laminate veneer restorations was not related to the depth of preparation. Mean fracture resistance of laminate veneers with 0.5-mm preparation depth was greater than that of the 0.3-mm and 1-mm preparation depth laminate veneers and those with no preparation.

Effect of Preparation Designs on the Prognosis of Porcelain Laminate Veneers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between preparation designs and prognosis of porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs). METHODS: Electronic and manual literature searches were performed in Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, and Scopus databases for randomized controlled trials and retrospective and prospective cohort studies comparing any two of three preparation designs. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Pooled hazard ratios and risk ratios were used to evaluate the difference between two preparation designs. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis, and evaluation of publication bias were performed if possible. RESULTS: Of 415 screened articles, 10 studies with moderate to high quality were included in the meta-analysis. Comparison of preparations with incisal coverage to preparations without coverage revealed a significant result based on time-to-event data (hazard ratio=1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.18-2.78, I2=12.5%), but the result was insignificant based on dichotomous data (risk ratio=1.04, 95% CI=0.59-1.83, I2=42.3%). The other comparisons between any two of overlap, butt-joint, and window types revealed no statistically significant difference. Subgroup analyses regarding the porcelain materials, location of prosthesis, and tooth vitality could account for only part of the heterogeneity. No evidence of publication bias was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitation of the present study, it can be concluded that preparation design with incisal coverage for PLVs exhibits an increased failure risk compared to those without incisal coverage. The failure risk of the overlap type may be higher than the butt-joint type but must be validated in further studies.

Zirconia-based versus metal-based single crowns veneered with overpressing ceramic for restoration of posterior endodontically treated teeth: 5-year results of a randomized controlled clinical study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this 5-year randomized controlled trial was to compare the longevity and clinical behavior of single posterior crowns made with pressable ceramic on zirconia and on metal frameworks, and if failures occur, to delineate the contributing factors. METHODS: 72 patients, who needed the covering of at least a molar and/or premolar, were included in the study. All teeth were endodontically treated, with absence of periapical lesion or active periodontitis. Ninety single crowns were made with zirconia or metal framework and covered with pressable veneering ceramics. Two independent examiners assessed the survival of restorations at 6 months, 1-4 and 5 years after restoration placement including periapical radiographs, intraoral photographs, and USPHS modified criteria. The statistical analyses were performed with the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: One core fracture occurred in Zircad/Zirpress crowns and one metal ceramic crown was lost for root fracture. Chipping fracture of the veneering ceramic was detected in 2 metal-ceramic crowns and in 3 zirconia-based crowns. The Estimate Cumulative Survival (ECS) and the Estimate Cumulative Success (ECSs) with standard deviation (SE) were respectively 97,73±2,19 and 92,64±4,14 for zirconia-based crowns whereas 97,44±2,39 and 91,11±4,27 for porcelain fused to metal crowns. CONCLUSIONS: The present randomized controlled trial shows that the survival of zirconia-based and metal-based single crowns is similar over a follow-up period of 5 years. No significant differences in esthetic, functional and biological outcomes were demonstrated between the two groups. The main failure mode was the chipping fracture of the veneering ceramic in both materials. Study number on ClinicalTrial.gov NCT02758457. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: According to the results of this clinical study, zirconia-based rehabilitations with overpressing veneering technique represent a valid alternative to metal-based for posterior single crown restorations.

Influence of misfit on the occurrence of veneering porcelain fractures (chipping) in implant-supported metal-ceramic fixed dental prostheses: an in vitro pilot trial.

OBJECTIVE: Technical complications such as veneer fractures are more common in implant-supported than tooth-supported restorations. The underlying causes have not been fully identified. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether misfit between the restoration and the implant may affect the risk of veneer fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty standardized five-unit implant-supported metal-ceramic fixed dental prostheses (FDP)s were manufactured and fixed in acrylic blocks. The test group consisted of ten FDPs fixed with a 150-µm misfit at the distal abutment. The remaining ten FDPs were fixed without misfit and acted as a control group. All FDPS underwent cyclic loading for a total of 100,000 cycles at 30-300 N. The FDPs were checked for cracks or chip-off fractures regularly. After cyclic load, the retorque value of all abutment screws was checked. RESULTS: Cracks within the veneering porcelain were noted in nine FDPs in the test group and one FDP in the control group. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Fractures of the veneering porcelain occurred in three FDPs in the test group. No fractures occurred in the control group. This difference was not statistically significant. There were no significant differences in retorque values neither between the groups nor between different abutment positions in the FDPs. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this in vitro pilot trial, it is suggested that misfit between a restoration and the supporting implant may increase the risk of cracking and/or chipping of the veneering porcelain for metal-ceramic FDPs.

Numeric simulation of occlusal interferences in molars restored with ultrathin occlusal veneers.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Selecting material for a minimally invasive occlusal veneer reconstruction concept requires an understanding of how stresses are distributed during functional and parafunctional forces. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate stress distribution in a maxillary molar restored with ultrathin occlusal veneers and subjected by an antagonistic mandibular molar to clenching and working and nonworking movements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A maxillary first molar was modeled from microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) data, using medical image processing software, stereolithography editing/optimizing software, and finite element software. Simulated ultrathin occlusal veneer materials were used. The mandibular molar antagonist was a solid nondeformable geometric entity. Loads simulated clenching, working, and nonworking movements with loading of 500 N. The values of the maximum principal stress were recorded. RESULTS: In the clenching load situation, maximum tensile stresses were located at the occlusal veneer (52 MPa for composite resin versus 47 MPa for ceramic). In the working movement, significant additional tensile stresses were found on the palatal root (87 MPa for composite resin and 85 MPa for ceramic). In the nonworking movement, tensile stress on the ultrathin occlusal veneer increased to 118 MPa for composite resin and 143 MPa for ceramic veneers. Tensile stress peaks shifted to the mesiobuccal root (75 MPa for composite resin and 74 MPa for ceramic). CONCLUSIONS: The topography of stresses generated by the various occlusal interferences were clearly identified. Significant tensile stress concentrations were found within the restoration's occlusal topography and root, with the nonworking interference being the most harmful and also the most revealing of the difference between the composite resin and ceramic ultrathin occlusal veneers.

A randomized controlled clinical trial of 3-unit posterior zirconia-ceramic fixed dental prostheses (FDP) with layered or pressed veneering ceramics: 3-year results.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present pilot study was to test whether or not posterior zirconia-ceramic fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) with pressed veneering ceramic exhibit less chipping than FDPs with layered veneering ceramics. METHODS: Forty patients (13 female, 27 male; mean age 54 years (range 26.1-80.7 years) in need of one maxillary or mandibular three-unit FDP in the second premolar or molar region were recruited and treated at two separate centers at the University of Zurich according to the same study protocol. The frameworks were made out of zirconia using a CAD/CAM system (Cerec Sirona, Bensheim, Germany). The patients were randomly assigned to either the test group (zirconia frameworks veneered with pressed ceramic; IPS e.max ZirPress, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein; n=20) or the control group (layered veneering ceramic; IPS e.max Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein; n=20). All FDPs were adhesively cemented and evaluated at baseline (i.e., cementation), at 6 months and at 1 and 3 years of clinical service. The survival of the reconstruction was recorded. The technical outcome was assessed using modified United States Public Health Services (USPHS) criteria. The biologic parameters analyzed at abutment teeth and analogous non-restored teeth included probing pocket depth (PPD), plaque control record (PCR), bleeding on probing (BOP), and tooth vitality (CO2). Data was descriptively analyzed and survival was calculated using Kaplan-Meier statistics. RESULTS: 36 patients (25 female, 11 male; mean age 52.3 years) with 18 test and 18 control FDPs were examined after a mean follow-up of 36 months (95% CI: 32.6-39.1 months). Comparison of groups was done by Crosstabulation showing even distribution of the respective restored teeth amidst the groups. Survival rate was 100% for both test and control FDPs. Chipping of the veneering ceramic tended to occur more frequently in test (n=8; 40%) than in control (n=4; 20%) FDPs, albeit not significantly (p=0.3). No further differences of the technical outcomes of test and control FDPs occurred.In both test and control group healthy conditions and no difference of the biologic parameters at the abutment and un-restored teeth was found. CONCLUSION: Zirconia FDPs with pressed and layered veneering ceramics exhibited similar outcomes at 3 years. A trend to more chipping of the pressed veneering ceramic, however, was observed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Posterior restorations with zirconia frameworks are a viable treatment method. When restoring posterior teeth with all-ceramic restorations, care providers should be aware of the higher rate of chipping compared to the published data on conventional metal-ceramic restorations.

Direct anterior composite veneers in vital and non-vital teeth: a retrospective clinical evaluation.

OBJECTIVES: This retrospective, longitudinal clinical study investigated the performance of direct veneers using different composites (microfilled×universal) in vital or non-vital anterior teeth. METHODS: Records from 86 patients were retrieved from a Dental School clinic, comprising 196 direct veneers to be evaluated. The FDI criteria were used to assess the clinical evaluation. The survival analysis was done using Kaplan-Meier method and Log-Rank test. The multivariate Cox regression with shared frailty was used to investigate the factors associated with failure. RESULTS: A total of 196 veneers were evaluated, with 39 failures. The mean time of service for the veneers was 3.5 years, with a general survival rate of 80.1%. In the qualitative evaluation of the restorations, microfilled composite showed slighty better esthetics. The annual failure rates (AFR) were 4.9% for veneers in vital teeth and 9.8% for non-vital teeth with statistical significance (p=0.009). For microfilled and universal veneers the respective AFRs were 6.0% and 6.2% (p>0.05). Veneers made in non-vital teeth had a higher risk of failure over time compared to those made in vital teeth (HR 2.78; 95% CI 1.02-7.56), but the type of material was not a significant factor (p=0.991). The main reason for failure was fracture of the veneer. CONCLUSION: Direct composite veneers showed a satisfactory clinical performance. Veneers performed in vital teeth showed a better performance than those placed in non-vital teeth. No difference in the survival rate for different composites was found, although microfilled composites showed a slightly better esthetic appearance. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Direct composite veneers show good results in esthetic dentistry nowadays. Composite veneers in vital teeth have a lower risk of failure than those in non-vital teeth.

Balancing the risks and benefits associated with cosmetic dentistry - a joint statement by UK specialist dental societies.

Cosmetic dentistry has become increasingly popular, largely as a result of social trends and increased media coverage. This understandable desire for the alleged 'perfect smile' needs to be tempered with an appropriate awareness of the significant risks associated with invasive cosmetic procedures such as veneers and crowns. Patients need to be properly informed that elective removal of healthy enamel and dentine can result in pulpal injury and poorer periodontal health in the longer term, particularly if they are young. The duty of candour means that they ought to be informed that aggressive reduction of sound tooth tissue is not biologically neutral and results in structural weakening of their teeth. Less invasive procedures such as bleaching on its own or for example, combined with direct resin composite bonding, can satisfy many patient's demands, while still being kinder to teeth and having much better fall-back positions for their future requirements. It is the opinion of the British Endodontic Society, British Society for Restorative Dentistry, Restorative Dentistry UK, Dental Trauma UK, British Society of Prosthodontics and the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry that elective invasive cosmetic dental treatments can result in great benefit to patients, but that some aggressive treatments used to achieve them can produce significant morbidities in teeth which were previously healthy. This is a worrying and growing problem with many ethical, legal and biologic aspects, but many adverse outcomes for patients who request cosmetic dental improvements are preventable by using biologically safer initial approaches to treatment planning and its provision.

Transformação do sorriso por meio de fechamento de diastema utilizando resina composta nanoparticulada - relato de caso / Smile transformation through diastema closure using composite nanofilled - case report

A presença de diastema entre os dentes anteriores pode gerar desarmonia do sorriso e comprometer a estética do paciente. Com a evolução dos materiais e das técnicas restauradoras, o fechamento de diastema empregando resinas compostas tornou-se alternativa viável para resolução da maioria dos casos clínicos. Este tratamento permite restabelecer a função, possibilitando os contatos interproximais, bem como restabelecimento da estética, proporcionando um sorriso mais harmônico e agradável. Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de correção de diastemas nos dentes anteriores superiores, utilizando resina composta nanoparticulada pela técnica direta para restabelecimento funcional e estético. O caso foi acompanhado por quatro anos, sendo realizados alguns reparos ao longo desse tempo, demonstrando que o fechamento de diastema com resina composta ‚ uma técnica viável e confiável, além de apresentar boa longevidade

The presence of anterior diastema can result on smile disharmony and compromise the patient’s aesthetic. The evolution of dental materials and techniques has made the use of composite resin for diastema closure a viable option treatment for most clinical cases. It restores function allowing the interproximal contacts, as well as harmony, reestablishing of the smile’s aesthetic. This clinical report aims at demonstrating the clinical correction of an anterior diastema restoring the functional anatomy and especially aesthetic through nanofilled composite resin restorations. The case was followed for 4-years and some repairs were carried out over this time, demonstrating the reliability and viability of the technique, with good longevity of the treatment

Clinical fractures of veneered zirconia single crowns.

Crowns made from an yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) core with a porcelain veneer have shown high clinical failure rates. Manifestations of clinical failure in veneering ceramic ranges from a single chip to an extended fracture. Core failures are uncommon but usually are catastrophic. This article examines the possible causes of failure in zirconia systems and presents a case report involving the diagnosis and repair of three different types of failure in six 3Y-TZP/porcelain crowns.

Identification of risk factors for fracture of veneering materials and screw loosening of implant-supported fixed partial dentures in partially edentulous cases.

This retrospective study identified the risk factors for fracture of veneering materials and screw loosening of implant-supported fixed partial dentures in partially edentulous cases. The study group included a total of 182 patients who were installed 219 suprastructures at the Fixed Prosthodontic Clinic of Okayama University Dental Hospital between February 1990 and March 2005 and were subdivided in two subgroups: 120 patients (149 facing suprastructures) were included in the subgroup to investigate the risk factors of fracture of veneering materials, and 81 patients (92 suprastructures) were included in the subgroup to identify the risk factors of abutment screw loosening. Each patient was followed up from the day of suprastructure installation until March, 2005. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify the risk factors related to technical complications, and eight factors were regarded as candidate risk factors. Screw retention was the significant risk factor for fracture of veneering materials, whereas connection of suprastructures with natural tooth was the significant risk factor for screw loosening. It was suggested that screw retention was a significant risk factor for the fracture of veneering materials, and connection of suprastructures with natural tooth was a significant risk factor for screw loosening. Future studies, involving dynamic factors (e.g. bruxism) as predictors as well, are more helpful to discuss the risk factor of fracture of veneering materials and screw loosening.

Removal of fractured laminate veneers with Er:YAG laser: report of two cases.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the efficiency of Er:YAG laser for removal of laminate veneers in case of fracture. Primary modes of failure of porcelain laminate veneers were noted to be fracture, microleakage, or debonding. BACKGROUND DATA: One of the predisposing factors for the occurrence of fractures is heavy functional or parafunctional loading. METHODS: Removal of fractured laminate veneers with Er:YAG laser is proposed as a reliable method. Two cases are presented in which fractured laminate veneers were removed with Er:YAG laser. The parameters used for removal were set at 20 Hz/320 mJ, with water irrigation for 9 sec and the chisel-type laser tip was selected (1.2×0.4 mm, rectangular shape). The pulse width was 200 ms. RESULTS: The laminates were removed without any damage to the underlying tissue. The new restorations were reconstructed and both patients were taken under recall program at 6-month intervals. CONCLUSIONS: The removal of fractured laminate veneers with Er:YAG laser could be a suitable alternative in routine clinical use.

Avaliação da resistência ao microcisalhamento na interface de união entre a porcelana feldspática e esmalte / Evaluation of microshear bond strength of the interface union between feldspathic porcelain and enabel

Este estudo visou avaliar a influência do tipo de ativação do agente cimentante resinoso, da espessura do material restuarador e do envelhecimento da restuaração na resistência adesiva da porcelana feldspática ao esmalte por meio de teste de microcisalhamento. Sessenta blocos cerâmicos de porcelana feldspática (VITA VM7) foram obtidos na cor A1, com as dimensões de 5x5x10mm. Eles receberam tratamento de superfície com ácido fluorídrico a 10%, silano e sistema adesivo. Paralelamente ao tratamento das porcelanas, sessenta dentes molares humanos recém-extraídos, foram aplainados na sua superfície vestibular e receberam tratamento com ácido fosfórico 37% e sistema adesivo...