RESUMO
Abstract There are a limited number of studies examining the effects of the pandemic on the daily lives of Turkish community pharmacists, and no research investigating the impact on the lives of Turkish hospital pharmacists has been found. This study aimed to examine the effects of the pandemic on the personal and professional lives of Turkish community pharmacists and hospital pharmacists. In this qualitative study design, a comprehensive set of interviews was conducted with a total of 13 community pharmacists and 7 hospital pharmacists, employing a semi-structured interview guide. Through thematic content analysis of the interviews, four main themes, 1) long-term impacts, 2) dealing strategies, 3) professional life impacts, 4) personal life impacts, have emerged for both community pharmacists and hospital pharmacists. In addition to the psychological impacts and supply chain issues commonly mentioned in the literature, the study revealed ongoing effects such as the inability to sell available products and economic difficulties. Also, the increased demand for over-the-counter products during the pandemic highlights the need for the government to develop policies to address this issue.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Farmacêuticos/classificação , Serviços Básicos de Saúde , COVID-19/patologia , Pandemias/classificação , Categorias de Trabalhadores/classificaçãoRESUMO
Abstract This work analyzed the pharmacotherapeutic problems identified by the clinical pharmacist in an intensive care unit (ICU) and the acceptance of pharmaceutical interventions in solving these problems. This is a descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study, carried out in the adult ICU of a public hospital. All patients hospitalized during the study period had their pharmacotherapy monitored and those whose stay at the ICU lasted less than 24 hours were excluded. The pharmacotherapeutic problems were classified according to type, cause, acceptability/implementation, mode of intervention, outcome and related pharmacotherapeutic group. 302 patients were followed up and 350 pharmacotherapeutic problems were identified. Most of them were classified as unnecessary drug-treatment (n=186; 53.1%). The most frequent causes were excessive drug administration (n=181; 97.3%), and antimicrobials was the main group of drugs associated to that type of problem. 350 pharmaceutical interventions were performed, highlighting "prescriber informed only" (n=178; 50.9%), with an average acceptability of 90.7%, with those carried out on site being more effective (93.4%). The number of pharmacotherapeutic problems that were totally solved was 282 (80.6%). Clinical pharmacy activities in the ICU identified, prevented and corrected pharmacotherapeutic problems, contributing to the optimization of pharmacotherapy in aspects related to the need, efficacy and safety of treatments.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pacientes/classificação , Assistência Farmacêutica/ética , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/organização & administração , Organização e Administração/normas , Farmacêuticos/classificação , Preparações Farmacêuticas/administração & dosagem , Segurança do Paciente/normas , Prática Farmacêutica Baseada em Evidências/tendênciasRESUMO
Abstract This study aimed to characterize and compare medicines formularies (MFs) used in Long-Term Care (LTC) facilities in Portugal, and to identify the prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Medicines (PIMs). A systematic contact with LTC facilities was undertaken in December 2021. MFs were systematized according to the Anatomical Therapeutical Chemical classification system (ATC), followed by descriptive content analysis. A structured comparison between MFs developed by public organizations and private LTC facilities was performed. After duplicate removal and exclusion of medicines not for systemic use, two explicit criteria - the Algorithm of medication review in frail older people and the EU(7)-PIM list - were employed for PIMs identification. Five MFs were obtained and assessed. The three MFs developed by private institutions covered 23% of the national LTC facilities and approximately 34% of the national total of beds. Heterogeneity was particularly high for the Alimentary tract and metabolism, Blood and blood-forming organs, Musculoskeletal system, and Respiratory system ATC groups. A PIM prevalence of 29,4% was identified. Medicines distribution between the MFs suggests the need to develop national guidelines towards harmonizing medicines usage in LTC. The prevalence of PIMs found highlights the importance of a particular optimized use of this health technology in aged sub-populations
Assuntos
Farmacêuticos/classificação , Formulário Farmacêutico , Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos/classificação , Comitê de Farmácia e Terapêutica/classificação , Portugal/etnologia , Idoso , Preparações Farmacêuticas/administração & dosagem , Lista de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados/éticaRESUMO
Abstract The announcement by the WHO of the characterization of the new Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic, entails an adaptation by the community pharmacy in carrying out its care activity in general, with particular emphasis on "Minor Ailments Service" in particular. The measures taken by the different health administrations in which patient telephone care by primary care offices is prioritized have left more consultations on symptoms in the community pharmacist health-related problems as pharmacies are the closest health facilities to the patient. The similarity between the symptomatology caused by the new Coronavirus with that of some Enteroviruses that cause mild respiratory and gastrointestinal tables (dry cough, fever, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhoea, etc.) makes community pharmacies highly capable places for contagion detection and prevention. A model of protocolized intervention is needed to facilitate the pharmacist's work in discriminating during the indication between minor symptoms and symptoms of referral for possible cases of COVID-19 so that in conjunction with the rest of the staff we help control the disease and make better use of primary care consultations.
Assuntos
Farmácias/classificação , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Farmacêuticos/classificação , Assistência Farmacêutica/ética , Atenção Primária à Saúde/classificação , Coronavirus/patogenicidadeRESUMO
O organogel é formado por uma matriz tridimensional composta de filamentos que se auto-organizam em uma rede entrelaçada e que, por seu tipo de estrutura, pode ser utilizado com o objetivo de atuar como um implante que se forma in situ, sendo capaz de se comportar como uma forma farmacêutica de liberação prolongada. Esse trabalho tem, por tanto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver, caracterizar, quantificar e traçar perfis de dissolução para formulações de organogel contendo meloxicam como principio ativo. O material está dividido em quatro capítulos, sendo apresentada inicialmente (I) revisão da literatura a respeito da lecitina de origem vegetal, com suas principais fontes de obtenção, como soja, girassol e colza, e também seu uso farmacêutico na obtenção de formulações como organogéis, microemulsões e lipossomas. Os demais capítulos abordam (II) desenvolvimento e otimização de uma formulação de organogel contendo lecitina de soja e Pluronic® F-127 como formadores da matriz tridimensional e meloxicam como principio ativo. (III) Desenvolvimento e validação de um método de quantificação do teor de meloxicam por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). (IV) Desenvolvimento de um método de dissolução para formulações de organogel, que fosse capaz de ser utilizado na caracterização do perfil de dissolução de diferentes formulações. Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível desenvolver formulações de organogel contendo lecitina de soja, Pluronic® F-127 e meloxicam, assim como um método analítico validado para as analises de teor. Por fim, foram obtidos também os perfis de dissolução de duas formulações mais promissoras
Organogels are formed by a three-dimensional matrix composed of filaments that selforganize in an interlaced network and that, due to its type of structure, can be used with the objective of acting as an implant that forms in situ, being able to behave as an extendedrelease dosage form. This work has, therefore, the objective of this work was to develop, characterize, quantify and trace dissolution profiles for organogel formulations containing meloxicam as active ingredient. The material is divided into four chapters, initially presented (I) review of the literature on lecithin of plant origin, with its main sources of production, such as soybean, sunflower and rapeseed, and also its pharmaceutical use in obtaining formulations such as organogels , microemulsions and liposomes. The remaining chapters address (II) development and optimization of an organogel formulation containing soy lecithin and Pluronic® F-127 as three-dimensional matrix formers and meloxicam as an active ingredient. (III) Development and validation of a method for quantification of meloxicam content by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). (IV) Development of a dissolution method for organogel formulations, capable of being used to characterize the dissolution profile of different formulations. With the results obtained, it was possible to develop organogel formulations containing soy lecithin, Pluronic® F-127 and meloxicam, as well as a validated analytical method for content analysis. Finally, the dissolution profiles of two more promising formulations were also obtained
Assuntos
Preparações Farmacêuticas/análise , Médicos Veterinários , Drogas Veterinárias/análise , Poloxâmero/análise , Dissolução , Lecitinas/análise , Meloxicam/antagonistas & inibidores , Farmacêuticos/classificação , Química Farmacêutica/instrumentação , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Formas de Dosagem , MétodosRESUMO
Abstract Pharmaceutical services correspond to a set of actions that aim to guarantee the integral access and rational use of drugs by the population. In this sense, this study aimed to identify the frequency and conditioning factors for clinical services of primary care in the Federal District, Brazil. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted, in which 34 pharmacists were interviewed. The most frequently developed clinical pharmaceutical services were dispensing, pharmaceutical guidance for users, and technical-pedagogical activities for the health team. There is a greater frequency of operation of clinical services by pharmacists working in pharmacies with physical infrastructure, with better levels of adequacy, greater support from management and health staff, and the inclusion in Family Health Support Nucleus activities. Although the clinical pharmaceutical services in primary care are incipient, the study raises important data for the reorientation and qualification of these actions.
Assuntos
Assistência Farmacêutica/organização & administração , Atenção Primária à Saúde/ética , Saúde da Família , Farmácias/ética , Farmacêuticos/classificação , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Estudos Transversais/métodosRESUMO
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of medication errors over a period of one year in King Fahad Hospital Madina Saudi Arabia. This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one year from 2018 January to 2018 December using patient's records. King Fahad Hospital in Madina was selected for the study center. Data collected include the number and types of errors, severity, location of errors, errors by profession, and errors occurred in the medical wards. Statistical analysis was carried out using statistical package for social science version22. A total of twenty- six hundred and fifty-eight medication errors were reported during the study period. Among the reports 2567(96.5%) of the errors were due to near misses, followed by transcribing errors 1597(60%), ordering errors 928(34.9%), duplicative therapy 765(28.7%), wrong dose 454(%). The most common procedures involve medication errors were wrong documentation 442(16.6%), duration 168(6.3%) wrong quantity 162(6.4%). Majority of the medication errors were contributed by physicians (99.2%) and 0.7% of them were due to the pharmacist. In conclusion study findings reported that yet some kind of medication errors has been under reported and it was common in most hospital, further studies with intervention programs needed to control the incidence of medication errors in a Saudi hospital
Assuntos
Arábia Saudita/etnologia , Incidência , Hospitais/classificação , Erros de Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Farmacêuticos/classificação , Médicos/classificação , Estudos Transversais/métodosRESUMO
Abstract Pharmacist-physician collaboration is a strategy for optimizing patient care and improving health outcomes. Nevertheless, there is a lack of information in Brazil about collaborative practices among these professionals. The aim of this study was to measure collaborative attitude of pharmacists and physicians who were working together in a teaching hospital. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2018 to January 2019 with pharmacists and physicians working in a teaching hospital in Northeastern Brazil. These professionals were invited to provide responses to the Brazilian version of the "Scale of Attitudes Towards Pharmacist-Physician Collaboration" (SATP2C); their scores ranged between 16 and 64 points. The software Epi Info TM (version 3.5.4) was used for data analysis, and data were expressed in means. Forty-four professionals participated in this study. The mean age was 33.5 (DP = 7.1) years. More than half of participants were male (n = 25, 56.8%). The means from the SATP2C for pharmacists and physicians were 54.20 and 50.91, respectively, indicating good collaborative attitudes. There was no statistical difference between the mean scores of pharmacists and physicians. Participants showed a predisposition for collaborative teamwork. Future studies should focus on understanding the process by which collaboration translates into clinical practice
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Farmacêuticos/classificação , Médicos/classificação , Brasil/etnologia , Colaboração Intersetorial , Relações Interpessoais , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Análise de DadosRESUMO
Abstract To assess the performance indicators for pharmaceutical services (PS) in primary health care (PHC), the level of satisfaction with pharmacy services among users and managers / pharmacists' impressions in relation to the findings were evaluated. The study used mixed methods, including a retrospective and descriptive study of the performance indicators for PS in PHC, an observational study on the level of satisfaction and a qualitative study of users' perception of pharmacy services at Health Units. Managers and pharmacists' impressions of the study results were also collected. Only 44.4% of pharmacies had a full-time pharmacist. From the establishments visited, 5.3% did not have an air-conditioned environment, and only 33.3% of the items essential to the Good Practices of Storage of Medicines and Supplies criteria were fulfilled. Although 77.9% of the prescribed medicines were dispensed, it did not reach the 80% standard. The satisfaction level of users was 3.2±0.6, indicating dissatisfaction with pharmacies' services. By means of an evaluation of each item within the questionnaire, it was possible to observe that variables related to pharmaceutical care presented low scores in relation to other domains, thus evidencing the fragility of the pharmaceutical- patient relationship in users' perception. Managers and pharmacists suggested that these results were related to the inadequate physical infrastructure of pharmacies, work overload, lack of recognition and undervaluation of pharmacists, lack of interaction within the PHC team, high turnover of pharmacists, and lack of PS prioritization by the administration. PS in PHC has structural and organizational weaknesses that require changes. In general, users are dissatisfied with pharmacies' services, especially with pharmaceutical care.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pacientes , Satisfação Pessoal , Farmacêuticos/classificação , Assistência Farmacêutica/organização & administração , Atenção Primária à Saúde/classificação , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento do Consumidor , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/organização & administração , Gestor de Saúde , Organização e Administração/estatística & dados numéricos , Farmácias , Diagnóstico da Situação de Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Equipamentos e Provisões/provisão & distribuição , Avaliação da Pesquisa em SaúdeRESUMO
Abstract The hospital pharmacy needs a constant process of evaluation and monitoring of its activities. In Brazil, several agencies establish tasks and duties for pharmacists, but little is known about the compliance and the perception of the professional regarding these policies. The present study aims to characterize the pharmacist's perception of Brazilian hospital pharmacy policies according to the Basel Statements. A search was performed for the contacts of all medium and high complexity hospitals in the country. Subsequently, a questionnaire elaborated following the Basel Statements was sent by e-mail to hospital pharmacists throughout the country. The domain analyzed was "Human Resources, Training, and Development". Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 19.0. Pharmacists representing a total of 111 hospitals from all Brazilian regions answered the survey questionnaire and showed that more than half of the hospital pharmacists perceive themselves as not complying, whether in the service of local, national, or pharmaceutical education. Besides updating the professionals in relation to national policies, it is necessary that the representative bodies of the pharmaceutical class be more present in the elaboration and evaluation of the policies directed to human resources, seeking uniformity and the possibility of carrying out the activities required.
Assuntos
Farmacêuticos/classificação , Farmácia/instrumentação , Educação em Farmácia/ética , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Inquéritos e Questionários/estatística & dados numéricos , Recursos Humanos , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of direct-acting antivirals in a Unified Health System pharmacy of Londrina, Brazil. A descriptive observational study was performed from June 2017 to June 2018. Sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic variables of patients were collected from secondary data sources. Effectiveness was evaluated by sustained virologic response (SVR) and safety was evaluated by adverse events (AEs) and drug interactions (DIs). The mean population (N=30) was 56.6±11.3 years old and almost all patients had comorbidities (93.3%) and concomitant drugs (96.7%). Effectiveness evaluation was possible in 17 patients, and all of them (100.0%) achieved SVR. Eighteen patients (60.0%) reported 38 AEs, mostly mild, such as stomach symptoms and headache. No statistical relation was found between AE occurrence and treatment duration, Ribavirin use, number of comorbidities or number of concomitant drugs. A total of 48 DIs were reported, 18 being severe, and were managed by the pharmacist. The study indicates that the treatment was effective and safe.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antivirais/análise , Eficácia , Hepatite C Crônica/patologia , Seguro/classificação , Pacientes/classificação , Farmacêuticos/classificação , Sistema Único de Saúde , Preparações Farmacêuticas/administração & dosagem , Interações Medicamentosas , Tratamento Farmacológico/métodosRESUMO
Abstract Transgender is a broad-spectrum term referring to people who do not match their assigned sex at birth. Several issues, including social detachment, poor access to healthcare services, and the lack of social/economic opportunities, have historically affected this population. In this scenario, pharmacists - not mentioned in national and international clinical guidelines/protocols regarding transgender care - might be key professionals to serve and care for this population. The main goal of this literature review was to identify the pharmacists' role in the care of transgender people. The articles were retrieved from scientific databases. After applying filters (e.g., language, full-text availability, and coverage of the research question), seven articles were included in this review. The articles did not present pharmaceutical experiences or practices regarding transgender healthcare. Instead, some articles stressed the inadequate or inappropriate use of hormones and their side effects, also covering the role of this issue in professional development, gaps, and potential opportunities for research and pharmaceutical services. Pharmacists, included in a multi-professional team, could be a key element to promote access to healthcare and the well-being of the transgender population.
Assuntos
Farmacêuticos/classificação , Revisão , Atenção à Saúde , Pessoas Transgênero/classificação , Assistência Farmacêutica/éticaRESUMO
Abstract To assess the therapy relative to indication, effectiveness, safety and adherence in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). An interventional, prospective, non-randomized study was conducted in a single secondary care center in Brazil. The pharmacist-led medication therapy management (MTM) was conducted to detect drug-related problems (DRPs) at baseline and after six months of intervention. The health status outcomes (i.e. cognitive screening tests; levels of glucose; total cholesterol; triglycerides; thyroid stimulating hormone; serum free thyroxine and blood pressure) were measured. 66 patients with AD were included, of whom 55 patients completed the follow-up of six months. 36 patients (36/55) were non-adherent to AD drug therapy. Out of detected 166 DRPs, 116 were solved. Four patients were withdrawn from the AD protocol due to resolution of prodromal symptoms. On the conclusion of the study, the MTM improved and controlled blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides levels (p<0.05). The pharmacist-led MTM was effective in solving 69.8% of DRPs, improving and controlling the clinical parameters evaluated
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pacientes/classificação , Farmacêuticos/classificação , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Idoso , Adesão à Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Revisão de Medicamentos , Erros de Medicação/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Recentemente, produtos farmacêuticos e cosméticos com concentrações mínimas de parabenos e outros conservantes ganharam e apelo comercial e de segurança, devido à controvérsia sobre a segurança dos conservantes. No entanto, o uso de conservantes é essencial para garantir a conservação microbiana de produtos cosméticos e farmacêuticos durante o seu uso. Neste trabalho, desenvolveu-se um método quimiométrico de espectroscopia no infravermelho com Fourier transform near-infrared (FTIR) para prever a eficácia de sistemas conservantes em produtos farmacêuticos e cosméticos tópicos usando os conceitos de Quality by design (QbD) e Process Analytical Technology (PAT). A abordagem de QbD foi usada para determinar a eficácia antimicrobiana frente aos microrganismos: Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) e Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), em funções das concentrações de parabenos, e determinar a região de Design Space, empregando o delineamento de compóstio central (CCD) Todas as 15 formulações preparadas foram analisadas utilizando um espectrofotômetro (FTIR) equipado com aparato de Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR). Os modelos de regressão por Partial Least Squares (PLS) para predição dos "slopes" das curvas de morte microbiana em função dos espectros ATR/FTIR foram bem ajustados, com R2 e R2-predição de 0,9937 e 0,8921, 0,9947 e 0,8783, e 0,9957 e 0,9222 para Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) e Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), respectivamente. O método FTIR proposto aplicado em uma abordagem de PAT foi capaz de prever a eficácia do sistema conservante em tempo reduzido. Este método de predição de silício permitirá um controle lote-a-lote da eficácia do sistema conservante de produtos farmacêuticos e cosméticos
Recently, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics with minimal concentrations of parabens and other preservatives have gained and commercial and safety appeal due to controversy over the safety of preservatives. However, the use of preservatives is essential to ensure the microbial conservation of cosmetic and pharmaceutical products during use. In this work, a chemometric method of infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR) was developed to predict the effectiveness of preservative systems in pharmaceutical products and topical cosmetics using the concepts of Quality by design (QbD) and Process Analytical Technology (PAT). The QbD approach was used to determine antimicrobial efficacy against candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC) microorganisms 6538), in functions of paraben concentrations, and determine the Design Space region, employing the design of central composite (CCD). All 15 prepared formulations were analyzed using a spectrophotometer (FTIR) equipped with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR). The Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression models for the prediction of the slopes of microbial death curves as a function of ATR /FTIR spectra were well adjusted, with R2 and R2-prediction 0.9937 and 0.8921, 0.9947 and 0.8783, and 0.9957 and 0.9222 for Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538)respectively. The proposed FTIR method applied in a PAT approach was able to predict the effectiveness of the preservative system in reduced time. This method in silico prediction will allow a batch-to-lot control of the effectiveness of the preservative system of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics
Assuntos
Tecnologia , Otimização de Processos/métodos , Conservantes de Alimentos/análise , Métodos , Farmacêuticos/classificação , Análise Espectral/métodos , Simulação por Computador/tendências , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Cosméticos/farmacologia , Análise de FourierRESUMO
An exploratory study was conducted to present the approach of Brazilian hospital pharmacists to registering, documenting, archiving and disseminating clinical practice. The data were collected using an electronic questionnaire (n=348). In fact, 97.41% of pharmacists record their clinical practice, out of which 64.01% (n=217) do in electronic form, mainly in private hospitals (p<0.000), in the central, southern and southeastern regions (p=0.040), and by professionals with 1-5 years of experience (p=0.001). The main software used is non-specific to clinical practice: an electronic spreadsheet (47.93%; n=104) and text editor (13.37%; n=29). The archiving of records is performed by 87.61% (n=297) of professionals, where 80.13% (n=238) do so in physical form; however, 77.31% (n=184) of these files are kept for less than the standard recommended time. Documentation in medical records is carried out by 55.17% (n=192) of pharmacists, increasing among those with 1-5 years of clinical practice (p=0.001), and dissemination is performed by 74.71% (n=260) of hospital pharmacists, with a lower frequency in public hospitals (p=0.012) and among professionals with fewer hours dedicated exclusively to clinical pharmacy (p=0.012). These results can undergird the revision of competency-based training programs of Brazilian clinical pharmacists to remain pharmacists as a valuable health team member
Assuntos
Farmacêuticos/classificação , Assistência Farmacêutica/organização & administração , Brasil/etnologia , Guia de Prática Clínica , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Farmácia/normas , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar/ética , Formulário FarmacêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate the strengths of the officers who recently served within an American Pharmacists Association Academy of Student Pharmacists (APhA-ASP) chapter and to discuss the potential impacts of these strengths upon the pharmacy profession. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING: The chapter officers from the Classes of 2010-2016 (n = 67; 66% female) voluntarily participated in a variety of leadership development programs created by the chapter advisors. Each of these programs included activities based upon the book, Strengths Based Leadership, and the determination of each officer's top five strengths using the StrengthsFinder 2.0 assessment. For this study, all of the officer's top five strengths were compiled (n = 335) and evaluated based upon their individual frequencies and their association with each of the strengths based leadership domains (i.e. executing, influencing, relationship building, and strategic thinking). FINDINGS: All 67 officers completed the StrengthsFinder 2.0 assessment with the five most frequently identified strengths being achiever (n = 27), harmony (n = 27), learner (n = 26), input (n = 19), and individualization (n = 17). In addition, the officer's strengths most frequently corresponded to the leadership domain of relationship building (35%), followed by the domains of executing (28%), strategic thinking (26%), and influencing (11%). SUMMARY: These findings may help explain why the profession continues to succeed with respect to implementing collaborative patient-centered care, but continues to be challenged with respect to maximizing professional advocacy.
Assuntos
Liderança , Farmacêuticos/classificação , Humanos , Farmacêuticos/psicologia , Farmacêuticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Profissionalismo , Desenvolvimento de Programas/métodos , SociedadesRESUMO
Pharmaceutical care has undergone several transformations in the health context over the years. Thus, the pharmacist has suffered a reconfiguration of his performance, mainly with the incorporation of clinical services and patient approach. The study analyzed the results of the implementation of pharmaceutical clinical services in Primary Health Care, through the use of indicators of supply, demand and productivity, clinical and process quality related to pharmaceutical care. We included all the clinical visits (n=1,833) performed to 1,080 users in 12 Basic Health Unit facilities from May to November 2016, of which 40.8% (n=748) were consultations in the establishments and 50.2% (n=1,085) home visits. Most patients (73.5%) were referred by team and 17.5% were captured through active search. Of the total workload, 12.5% ââwere dedicated to pharmaceutical consultations and 20.0% to home visits. In total, we identified 3,078 pharmacotherapy-related issues, an average of 2.8 per patient, and 6,882 pharmaceutical interventions were performed, equivalent to 6.3 interventions per patient. The problem with adherence to pharmacotherapy and the intervention of medication counseling were the most found. Results reinforce the importance of pharmaceutical clinical services in identifying the control of the most prevalent health conditions and monitoring the therapeutic results associated with drug use
Assuntos
Idoso , Assistência Farmacêutica/estatística & dados numéricos , Relações Profissional-Paciente , Prática Profissional/estatística & dados numéricos , Centros de Saúde , Pacientes/estatística & dados numéricos , Farmacêuticos/classificação , Brasil , Tratamento Farmacológico , Múltiplas Afecções CrônicasRESUMO
Background The definitions that are being used for the terms 'clinical pharmacy' and 'pharmaceutical care' seem to have a certain overlap. Responsibility for therapy outcomes seems to be especially linked to the latter term. Both terms need clarification before a proper definition of clinical pharmacy can be drafted. Objective To identify current disagreements regarding the term 'Clinical Pharmacy' and its relationship to 'Pharmaceutical Care' and to assess to which extent pharmacists with an interest in Clinical Pharmacy are willing to accept responsibility for drug therapy outcomes. Setting The membership of the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy. Methods A total of 1,285 individuals affiliated with the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy were invited by email to participate in an online survey asking participants to state whether certain professional activities, providers, settings, aims and general descriptors constituted (a) 'Clinical Pharmacy only', (b) 'Pharmaceutical Care only', (c) 'both' or (d) 'neither'. Further questions examined pharmacists' willingness to accept ethical or legal responsibility for drug therapy outcomes, under current and ideal working conditions. Main outcome measures Level of agreement with a number of statements. Results There was disagreement (<80% agreement among all participants) regarding 'Clinical Pharmacy' activities, whether non-pharmacists could provide 'Clinical Pharmacy' services, and whether such services could be provided in non-hospital settings. There was disagreement (<80% agreement among those linking items to Clinical Pharmacy) as to whether Pharmaceutical care also encompassed certain professional activities, constituted a scientific discipline and targeted cost effectiveness. The proportions of participants willing to accept legal responsibility under current/ideal working conditions were: safety (32.7%/64.3%), effectiveness (17.9%/49.2%), patient-centeredness (17.1%/46.2%), cost-effectiveness (20.3%/44.0%). Conclusions The survey identified key disagreements around the term 'Clinical Pharmacy' and its relationship to 'Pharmaceutical Care', which future discussions around a harmonised definition of 'Clinical Pharmacy' should aim to resolve. Further research is required to understand barriers and facilitators to pharmacists accepting responsibility for drug therapy outcomes.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Assistência Farmacêutica , Farmacêuticos , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar/métodos , Sociedades Farmacêuticas , Inquéritos e Questionários , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Assistência Farmacêutica/classificação , Farmacêuticos/classificação , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar/classificação , Papel Profissional , Sociedades Farmacêuticas/classificaçãoRESUMO
ABSTRACT This study evaluates whether the integration of pharmacists into health-care teams through the delivery of pharmaceutical care-based medication therapy management (MTM) services can improve the clinical outcomes of patients with chronic health conditions in the primary health-care setting. A retrospective descriptive study of 92 outpatients assisted by MTM pharmacists in primary health-care units was carried out over 28 months (median follow-up: 05 months). Patients were followed up by MTM pharmacists, with a total of 359 encounters and a ratio of 3.9 encounters per patient. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia was 29.5%, 22.0% and 19.4%, respectively. There was a high prevalence of drug-related problems with a ratio of 3.4 per patient. Pharmacists performed a total of 307 interventions to prevent or resolve drug-related problems. With regard to control of the most prevalent chronic medical conditions, a high percentage of patients reached their therapy goals by the last encounter with the pharmacist: 90.0% for hypertension, 72.3% for diabetes mellitus and 90.3% for dyslipidaemia. MTM services provided by pharmacists resolved drug therapy problems and improved patients' clinical outcomes. This study provides evidence for health-care managers of the need to expand the clinical role of pharmacists within the Brazilian public health-care system.