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1.
Food Res Int ; 194: 114917, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39232537

RESUMO

Withering is a crucial process that determines the quality of white tea (WT). Solar withering (SW) is reported to contribute to the aroma quality of WT. However, the mechanism by which aroma is formed in WT subjected to SW remains unclear. In this study, through headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and transcriptomics, we found that 13 key genes enriched in the mevalonic acid and methylerythritol phosphate pathways, such as those of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase and terpineol synthase, were significantly upregulated, promoting the accumulation of α-terpinolene, geraniol, and nerolidol, which imparted floral and fruity odors to WT subjected to SW. Additionally, the significant upregulation of lipoxygenases enriched in the lipoxygenase pathway promoting the accumulation of hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol, (E, Z)-3,6-nonadien-1-ol, and nonanal, which contributed to the green and fresh odor in WT subjected to SW. This study provided the first comprehensive insight into the effect mechanism of SW on aroma formation in WT.


Assuntos
Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Odorantes , Microextração em Fase Sólida , Odorantes/análise , Chá/química , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Camellia sinensis/química , Camellia sinensis/efeitos da radiação , Terpenos/análise , Aldeídos/análise , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Monoterpenos Acíclicos , Hexanóis/análise , Sesquiterpenos/análise , Octanóis
2.
PLoS One ; 19(8): e0308383, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39190744

RESUMO

Microbial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from fungi are known as their secondary metabolites from environmental sources. However, their physiological roles remain to be unclear. Even though the roles are still unknown, VOCs are deliberately released to convey information to both homologous and non-homologous organisms. We investigated the effects of single VOCs (hexanal, benzaldehyde, heptanal, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 3-octanone, 2-undecanone, 3-octanol, 2-Phenylethanol, 2-phenyl-2-propanol, phenylbenzaldehyde, 2-pentadecanone, ß-trans-bergamotene, ß-bisabolene, 2-methyl-5 -(1-methylethyl)pyrazine) on the fungal growth. In parallel, application of the co-culturing system in a growth chamber allowed free gas and VOCs exchange between emitter colonies of Fusarium solani and Aspergillus fumigatus, or between colonies of different growth stages of the same species. Distinct self-inhibition occurred by the emitters of fungal growing colonies against receiver ones on the stage of conidial germination or against the younger colonies at an earlier stage in both fungi. Similarly, the phenomenon of allelopathy appeared to work between growing colonies of F. solani and the germinating conidia or young colonies of A. fumigatus or vice versa. Solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed VOCs compounds of each fungi. In F. solani, hexanal and benzaldehyde appeared to be significant inhibitors for colony growth. Benzaldehyde inhibited filamentous growth but not conidial germination. In A. fumigatus, heptanal seemed to be an equivalent effector. The inhibitory effect of benzaldehyde was more distinct on the A. fumigatus conidial germination than its filamentous growth.


Assuntos
Aspergillus fumigatus , Benzaldeídos , Fusarium , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/farmacologia , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/metabolismo , Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos , Fusarium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Aspergillus fumigatus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Aspergillus fumigatus/efeitos dos fármacos , Aspergillus fumigatus/metabolismo , Benzaldeídos/farmacologia , Aldeídos/farmacologia , Aldeídos/metabolismo , Esporos Fúngicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Esporos Fúngicos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hexanóis/farmacologia , Cetonas/metabolismo
3.
Food Chem ; 460(Pt 3): 140689, 2024 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39116767

RESUMO

Residues of pesticides in milk may pose a threat to human health. This study aimed to develop a liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) method using hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)-based supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) for the simultaneous extraction and purification of four pesticides (boscalid, novaluron, cypermethrin and bifenthrin) in milk. Pesticides were extracted using SUPRAS prepared with nonanol and HFIP, and the extraction efficiency was analyzed. Results showed satisfactory recoveries ranging from 80.8%-111.0%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of <6.4%. Additionally, satisfactory linearities were observed, with correlation coefficients >0.9952. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the range of 1.8 µg·L-1-14.0 µg·L-1. The established method demonstrated high extraction efficiency with a short operation time (15 mins) and low solvent consumption (2.7 mL). The HFIP-based SUPRAS LPME method offers a convenient and efficient approach for the extraction of pesticides from milk, presenting a promising alternative to conventional techniques.


Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos , Microextração em Fase Líquida , Leite , Solventes , Microextração em Fase Líquida/métodos , Leite/química , Animais , Solventes/química , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Resíduos de Praguicidas/isolamento & purificação , Resíduos de Praguicidas/química , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Hexanóis/química , Bovinos , Praguicidas/isolamento & purificação , Praguicidas/química , Praguicidas/análise , Hidrocarbonetos Fluorados , Propanóis
4.
Biosensors (Basel) ; 14(8)2024 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39194622

RESUMO

A precise understanding of the self-assembly kinetics of small molecules on nanoparticles (NPs) can give greater control over the size and architecture of the functionalized NPs. Herein, a single-nanoparticle electrochemical collision (SNEC)-based method was developed to monitor the self-assembly processes of 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (6-MCH) and 1-hexanethiol (MCH) on Au NPs at the single-particle level, and to investigate the self-assembly kinetics exactly. Results showed that the self-assembly processes of both consisted of rapid adsorption and slow recombination. However, the adsorption rate of MCH was significantly lower than that of 6-MCH due to the poorer polarity. Also noteworthy is that the rapid adsorption of 6-MCH on Au NPs conformed to the Langmuir model of diffusion control. Hence, the proposed SNEC-based method could serve as a complementary method to research the self-assembly mechanism of functionalized NPs.


Assuntos
Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Ouro , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Compostos de Sulfidrila , Ouro/química , Compostos de Sulfidrila/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Hexanóis/química , Adsorção , Cinética , Técnicas Biossensoriais
5.
Pestic Biochem Physiol ; 203: 106005, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39084800

RESUMO

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) play key roles in host plant location by insects, and can accordingly serve as important targets for the development of attractants. In this study, we detected the high expression of SlitOBP34 in male antennae of Spodoptera litura. Subsequently, the fluorescence competitive binding experiments displayed that the SlitOBP34 protein has binding affinity for different ligands. Then, protein-ligand interaction analyses found the presence of six amino acid residues may serve as key recognition sites. Further electroantennographic and biobehavioral assessments revealed that the electrophysiological responses of male antennae were evoked in response to stimulation with the six identified host volatiles, and that these volatiles attracted male moths to varying extents. Notably, low concentrations of benzaldehyde, 1-hexanol, and cis-3-hexenyl acetate were found to have significant attractant effects on male moths, thereby identifying these three host volatiles as potential candidates for the development of male attractants. These findings advance our current understanding of the olfactory-encoded mechanisms of host plants selection in S. litura and have enabled us to develop novel adult attractants for controlling the pest in the future.


Assuntos
Antenas de Artrópodes , Proteínas de Insetos , Receptores Odorantes , Spodoptera , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis , Animais , Spodoptera/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Receptores Odorantes/metabolismo , Proteínas de Insetos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Insetos/genética , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/metabolismo , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/farmacologia , Antenas de Artrópodes/metabolismo , Hexanóis/farmacologia , Hexanóis/metabolismo , Acetatos/metabolismo , Acetatos/farmacologia , Benzaldeídos
6.
J Agric Food Chem ; 72(27): 15213-15227, 2024 Jul 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38916250

RESUMO

Researchers often consider microorganisms from Stenotrophomonas sp. to be beneficial for plants. In this study, the biocidal effects and action mechanisms of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Stenotrophomonas sp. NAU1697 were investigated. The mycelial growth and spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC), which is a pathogen responsible for cucumber wilt disease, were significantly inhibited by VOCs emitted from NAU1697. Among the VOCs, 33 were identified, 11 of which were investigated for their antifungal properties. Among the tested compounds, 2-ethylhexanol exhibited the highest antifungal activity toward FOC, with a minimum inhibitory volume (MIV) of 3.0 µL/plate (equal to 35.7 mg/L). Damage to the hyphal cell wall and cell membrane integrity caused a decrease in the ergosterol content and a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after 2-ethylhexanol treatment. DNA damage, which is indicative of apoptosis-like cell death, was monitored in 2-ethylhexanol-treated FOC cells by using micro-FTIR analysis. Furthermore, the activities of mitochondrial dehydrogenases and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III in 2-ethylhexanol-treated FOC cells were significantly decreased. The transcription levels of genes associated with redox reactions and the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway were significantly upregulated, thus indicating that stress was caused by 2-ethylhexanol. The findings of this research provide a new avenue for the sustainable management of soil-borne plant fungal diseases.


Assuntos
Fungicidas Industriais , Fusarium , Hexanóis , Doenças das Plantas , Stenotrophomonas , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis , Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos , Fusarium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/farmacologia , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/química , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia , Fungicidas Industriais/química , Hexanóis/farmacologia , Hexanóis/química , Stenotrophomonas/efeitos dos fármacos , Stenotrophomonas/genética , Stenotrophomonas/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
7.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 189 Suppl 1: 114765, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38810943

RESUMO

4-Hexen-1-ol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, photoirritation/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data show that 4-hexen-1-ol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- is not genotoxic. The repeated dose, reproductive, and local respiratory toxicity endpoints were evaluated using the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) for a Cramer Class I material, and the exposure to 4-hexen-1-ol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- is below the TTC (0.03 mg/kg/day, 0.03 mg/kg/day, and 1.4 mg/day, respectively). Data from read-across analog 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol (CAS # 763-32-6) show that there are no safety concerns for 4-hexen-1-ol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- for skin sensitization under the current declared levels of use. The photoirritation/photoallergenicity endpoints were evaluated based on ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectra; 4-hexen-1-ol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- is not expected to be photoirritating/photoallergenic. The environmental endpoints were evaluated; 4-hexen-1-ol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- was found not to be Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) as per the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Environmental Standards, and its risk quotients, based on its current volume of use (VoU) in Europe and North America (i.e., Predicted Environmental Concentration/Predicted No Effect Concentration [PEC/PNEC]), are <1.


Assuntos
Perfumes , Animais , Humanos , Hexanóis/toxicidade , Hexanóis/química , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Odorantes , Perfumes/toxicidade , Perfumes/química , Medição de Risco , Testes de Toxicidade
8.
New Phytol ; 241(5): 2275-2286, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38327027

RESUMO

Plant-derived volatiles mediate interactions among plants, pathogenic viruses, and viral vectors. These volatile-dependent mechanisms have not been previously demonstrated belowground, despite their likely significant role in soil ecology and agricultural pest impacts. We investigated how the plant virus, tobacco rattle virus (TRV), attracts soil nematode vectors to infected plants. We infected Nicotiana benthamiana with TRV and compared root growth relative to that of uninfected plants. We tested whether TRV-infected N. benthamiana was more attractive to nematodes 7 d post infection and identified a compound critical to attraction. We also infected N. benthamiana with mutated TRV strains to identify virus genes involved in vector nematode attraction. Virus titre and associated impacts on root morphology were greatest 7 d post infection. Tobacco rattle virus infection enhanced 2-ethyl-1-hexanol production. Nematode chemotaxis and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol production correlated strongly with viral load. Uninfected plants were more attractive to nematodes after the addition of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol than were untreated plants. Mutation of TRV RNA2-encoded genes reduced the production of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and nematode attraction. For the first time, this demonstrates that virus-driven alterations in root volatile emissions lead to increased chemotaxis of the virus's nematode vector, a finding with implications for sustainable management of both nematodes and viral pathogens in agricultural systems.


Assuntos
Hexanóis , Nematoides , Vírus de Plantas , Animais , Solo , Vírus de Plantas/genética
9.
Enzyme Microb Technol ; 175: 110409, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38335559

RESUMO

The solvent-free esterification of the free fatty acids (FFAs) obtained by the hydrolysis of castor oil (a non-edible vegetable oil) with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (a branched fatty alcohol) was catalyzed by different free lipases. Eversa Transform 2.0 (ETL) features surpassed most commercial lipases. Some process parameters were optimized by the Taguchi method (L16'). As a result, a conversion over 95% of the FFAs of castor oil into esters with lubricants properties was achieved under optimized reaction conditions (15 wt% of biocatalyst content, 1:4 molar ratio (FFAs/alcohol), 30 °C, 180 rpm, 96 h). The substrates molar ratio had the highest influence on the dependent variable (conversion at 24 h). FFAs/2-ethyl-1-hexanol esters were characterized regarding the physicochemical and tribological properties. Interestingly, the modification of the FFAs with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol by ETL increased the oxidative stability of the FFAs feedstock from 0.18 h to 16.83 h. The biolubricants presented a lower friction coefficient than the reference commercial mineral lubricant (0.052 ± 0.07 against 0.078 ± 0.04). Under these conditions, ETL catalyzed the oligomerization of ricinoleic acid (a hydroxyl fatty acid) into estolides, reaching a conversion of 25.15% of the initial FFAs (for the first time).


Assuntos
Óleo de Rícino , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados , Hexanóis , Esterificação , Ésteres/química , Ácidos Graxos/química , Lipase/metabolismo , Etanol , Catálise , Enzimas Imobilizadas/química
10.
N Biotechnol ; 81: 1-9, 2024 Jul 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38401749

RESUMO

Leveraging renewable carbon-based resources for energy and chemical production is a promising approach to decrease reliance on fossil fuels. This entails a thermo/biotechnological procedure wherein bacteria, notably Clostridia, ferment syngas, converting CO or CO2 + H2 into Hexanol, Butanol and Ethanol (H-B-E fermentation). This work reports of Clostridium carboxidivorans performance in a stirred tank reactor continuously operated with respect to the gas and the cell/liquid phases. The primary objective was to assess acid and solvent production at pH 5.6 by feeding pure CO or synthetic syngas under gas flow differential conditions. Fermentation tests were conducted at four different dilution rates (DL) of the fresh medium in the range 0.034-0.25 h-1. The fermentation pathways of C. carboxidivorans were found to be nearly identical for both CO and syngas, with consistent growth and metabolite production at pH 5.6 within a range of dilution rates. Wash-out conditions were observed at a DL of 0.25 h-1 regardless of the carbon source. Ethanol was the predominant solvent produced, but a shift towards butanol production was observed with CO as the substrate and towards hexanol production with synthetic syngas. In particular, the maximum cell concentration (0.5 gDM/L) was obtained with pure CO at DL 0.05 h-1; the highest solvent productivity (60 mg/L*h of total solvent) was obtained at DL 0.17 h-1 by using synthetic syngas as C-source. The findings highlight the importance of substrate composition and operating conditions in syngas fermentation processes. These insights contribute to the optimization of syngas fermentation processes for biofuel and chemical production.


Assuntos
1-Butanol , Butanóis , Fermentação , Butanóis/metabolismo , 1-Butanol/metabolismo , Clostridium/metabolismo , Reatores Biológicos/microbiologia , Etanol/metabolismo , Solventes/metabolismo , Carbono/metabolismo , Hexanóis/metabolismo
11.
Physiol Plant ; 175(5): e14016, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37882258

RESUMO

Iris lactea var. chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz has a unique floral fragrance that differs from that of other Iris spp.; however, its characteristic aroma composition remains unknown. This study aimed to identify the floral fragrance components of I. lactea var. chinensis during different flowering stages using headspace solid-phase microextraction in conjunction with gas chromatography mass spectrometry, electronic nose, and sensory evaluation. During the three flowering phases (bud stage, bloom stage, and decay stage), 70 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including 13 aldehydes, 13 esters, 11 alcohols, 10 alkanes, 8 ketones, 7 terpenes, 7 benzenoids, and 1 nitrogenous compound, were identified. According to principal component analysis, the primary VOCs were (-)-pinene, ß-irone, methyl heptenone, phenylethanol, hexanol, and 2-pinene. A comparison of the differential VOCs across the different flowering stages using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that 3-carene appeared only in the bud stage, whereas hexanol, ethyl caprate, ethyl caproate, linalool, (-)-pinene, and 2-pinene appeared or were present at significantly increased levels during the bloom stage. The phenylethanol, methyl heptenone, 3-methylheptane, and ß-irone reached a peak in the decay stage. The odor activity value and sensory evaluation suggested that "spicy" is the most typical odor of I. lactea var. chinensis, mainly due to 2-methoxy-3-sec-butylpyrazine, which is rare in floral fragrances.


Assuntos
Gênero Iris , Álcool Feniletílico , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis , Gênero Iris/química , Odorantes/análise , Norisoprenoides , Hexanóis
12.
Bioresour Technol ; 387: 129689, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37597573

RESUMO

CO2:H2-based gas fermentation with acetogenic Clostridium species are at an early stage of development. This work exploited the Adaptive Laboratory Evolution technique to improve the growth of C. carboxidivorans P7 on CO2 and H2. An adapted strain with decreased growth lag phase and improved biomass production was obtained. Genomic analysis revealed a conserved frameshift mutation in the catalytic subunit of the hexameric hydrogenase gene. The resulted truncated protein variant, most likely lacking its functionality, suggests that other hydrogenases might be more efficient for H2-based growth of this strain. Furthermore, the adapted strain generated hexanol as primary fermentation product. For the first time, hexanol was produced directly from CO2:H2 blend, achieving the highest maximum productivity reported so far via gas fermentation. Traces of valerate, pentanol, eptanol and octanol were observed in the fermentation broth. The adapted strain shows promising to enrich the product spectrum targetable by future gas fermentation processes.


Assuntos
Dióxido de Carbono , Hidrogenase , Fermentação , Clostridium/genética , Hexanóis , Hidrogênio
13.
Plant Signal Behav ; 18(1): 2234115, 2023 Dec 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37454374

RESUMO

Volatile organic compounds mediate plant-to-plant communication, and plants receiving volatile cues can acquire greater defenses against attackers. It has been expected that volatiles are received by factors that eventually lead to the induction of defense-related gene expression; however, the nature of these factors remain unclear. Structure-activity relationship analysis of gene expression induction by volatiles should provide insights into the nature of these factors. We conducted a structure-activity relationship study using maize seedlings and (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate (Z3HAC) as the lead compound. The acid portion of Z3HAC was not essential, and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol (Z3HOL), which is formed after the hydrolysis of Z3HAC, is likely the structure essential for the upregulation of the genes. The double bond of Z3HOL is essential; however, its geometry is indistinguishable. Strict specificity was detected regarding the length of the methylene chain on the α- and ω-sides of the double bond, and therefore, the 3-hexen-1-ol structure was found to be the ultimate structure. This finding provides insight into the nature of the factors that interact with a volatile compound and subsequently activate signaling pathways, leading to the upregulation of a subset of defense genes.


Assuntos
Plântula , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis , Plântula/genética , Plântula/metabolismo , Zea mays/metabolismo , Hexanóis/metabolismo , Hexanóis/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/metabolismo
14.
Molecules ; 28(9)2023 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37175252

RESUMO

The pitaya (dragon fruit) Hylocereus is a genus which belongs to the Cactaceae family. It is native to Mexico, occurring also in other regions of Central and South America. Pitaya fruit is mainly intended for consumption and for this reason the species is grown commercially. The fruit is a rich source of vitamins, biologically active compounds, and dietary fibre. Using in vitro culture can accelerate the process of reproduction and growth of pitaya plants. Profiling of volatile compounds contained in the stem of Hylocereus undatus was carried out using the SPME-GC-MS technique. The main compounds present were hexanal, 2-hexenal and 1-hexanol. The results showed differences in the occurrence of volatile compounds between plants grown in media with an addition of BA (6-benzylaminopurine) and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), which have been used as plant growth regulators. Statistically significant differences between the contents of volatile compounds were observed in the case of 2-hexenal and 1-hexanol. The effect of BA on reducing the amount of volatile compounds was observed. However, introduction of IAA to the in vitro medium resulted in more compounds being synthesized. This study is the first to describe the volatile compounds in the pitaya stem. The results indicate that plant hormones are able to modify the profile of volatile compounds.


Assuntos
Cactaceae , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/farmacologia , Hexanóis , Frutas
15.
Reprod Sci ; 30(10): 2945-2961, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36928896

RESUMO

Endometriosis is a chronic disease associated with a disrupted oxidative balance and chronic inflammation. In this study, we investigated the role of glutathione S-transferase Mu class 4 (GSTM4) in endometriosis and determined whether 6-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-ylthio) hexanol (NBDHEX) regulates GSTM4 expression to affect cellular functions and oxidative stress. GSTM4 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in endometrium from 15 endometriosis patients and 15 healthy controls. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of GSTM4, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), Survivin, B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-XL), Bax, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in primary endometrial stromal cells with endometriosis (EESC) and normal endometrial stromal cells (NESC). The effects of NBDHEX on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and Transwell assays. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of GSTM4 was significantly increased in endometrium from endometriosis patients. Upon NBDHEX treatment, ESC exhibited reduced proliferation, migration and invasion abilities, and increased apoptosis. NBDHEX decreased the expression of endometriosis prognostic markers (PCNA and MMP-9) and anti-apoptotic proteins (Survivin and Bcl-xl), while it increased the expression of the apoptotic protein Bax. It had no effect on Keap1 expression, and it decreased the expression of Nrf2. The effect of siRNA-mediated knockdown of GSTM4 was similar to that of suppressing GSTM4 expression with NBDHEX treatment. These results indicate that GSTM4 is highly expressed in endometriosis and its expression is inhibited by NBDHEX. Decreased expression of GSTM4 inhibits cell growth, migration, and invasion, and negatively regulates Nrf2 to affect oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Our results suggest that GSTM4 may play a role in ameliorating the progression of endometriosis. NBDHEX may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of endometriosis.


Assuntos
Endometriose , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz , Feminino , Humanos , Apoptose , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Endometriose/tratamento farmacológico , Endometriose/metabolismo , Endométrio/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Hexanóis/farmacologia , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/metabolismo , Células Estromais/metabolismo , Survivina/metabolismo
16.
Enzyme Microb Technol ; 165: 110208, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36753877

RESUMO

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 has a catalytic Ser residue in its active site. In this study, we examined the aminolysis and alcoholysis reactions of AChE that occurred alongside its hydrolysis reaction. The recombinant AChE recognized ethyl acetate as a substrate. Therefore, we evaluated acetylation of the amine and hydroxyl group by AChE, using acetylcholine and ethyl acetate as the acetyl donor. AChE recognized diaminoalkanes with 4- to 12-carbon chains and aminoalcohols with 4- to 8-carbon chains as acetyl acceptors, resulting in their acetylated products. In the acetylation of 1,6-diaminohexane, AChE preferentially used ethyl acetate as the acetyl donor above pH 8.0 and the efficiency increased with increasing pH. In contrast, the acetylation of 6-amino-1-hexanol was efficient with acetylcholine as the acetyl donor in the pH range of 4-10. In addition, acetylated 6-amino-1-hexanol was decomposed by AChE. The kinetic study indicated that the acetyl donor and acceptor are competitively recognized by AChE as substrates.


Assuntos
Acetilcolina , Acetilcolinesterase , Acetilcolinesterase/química , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Acetilação , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolismo , Aminas , Álcoois , Catálise , Hexanóis , Carbono , Cinética
17.
Molecules ; 28(4)2023 Feb 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36838768

RESUMO

The study of chemical reactions in multiple liquid phase systems is becoming more and more relevant in industry and academia. The ability to predict combined chemical and phase equilibria is interesting from a scientific point of view but is also crucial to design innovative separation processes. In this work, an algorithm to perform the combined chemical and liquid-liquid phase equilibrium calculation was implemented in the PC-SAFT framework in order to predict the thermodynamic equilibrium behavior of two multicomponent esterification systems. Esterification reactions involve hydrophobic reacting agents and water, which might cause liquid-liquid phase separation along the reaction coordinate, especially if long-chain alcoholic reactants are used. As test systems, the two quaternary esterification systems starting from the reactants acetic acid + 1-pentanol and from the reactants acetic acid + 1-hexanol were chosen. It is known that both quaternary systems exhibit composition regions of overlapped chemical and liquid-liquid equilibrium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that PC-SAFT was used to calculate simultaneous chemical and liquid-liquid equilibria. All the binary subsystems were studied prior to evaluating the predictive capability of PC-SAFT toward the simultaneous chemical equilibria and phase equilibria. Overall, PC-SAFT proved its excellent capabilities toward predicting chemical equilibrium composition in the homogeneous composition range of the investigated systems as well as liquid-liquid phase behavior. This study highlights the potential of a physical sound model to perform thermodynamic-based modeling of chemical reacting systems undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Água , Esterificação , Termodinâmica , Hexanóis
18.
Microb Biotechnol ; 16(4): 726-741, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36661185

RESUMO

Clostridium spp. are suitable for the bioconversion of C1 -gases (e.g., CO2 , CO and syngas) into different bioproducts. These products can be used as biofuels and are reviewed here, focusing on ethanol, butanol and hexanol, mainly. The production of higher alcohols (e.g., butanol and hexanol) has hardly been reviewed. Parameters affecting the optimization of the bioconversion process and bioreactor performance are addressed as well as the pathways involved in these bioconversions. New aspects, such as mixotrophy and sugar versus gas fermentation, are also reviewed. In addition, Clostridia can also produce higher alcohols from the integration of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and the reverse ß-oxidation pathway, which has also not yet been comprehensively reviewed. In the latter process, the acetogen uses the reducing power of CO/syngas to reduce C4 or C6 fatty acids, previously produced by a chain elongating microorganism (commonly Clostridium kluyveri), into the corresponding bioalcohol.


Assuntos
Biocombustíveis , Gases , Gases/metabolismo , Fermentação , Etanol/metabolismo , Butanóis/metabolismo , 1-Butanol/metabolismo , Clostridium/metabolismo , Bactérias/metabolismo , Hexanóis/metabolismo
19.
Bioresour Technol ; 367: 128201, 2023 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36374655

RESUMO

This study achieved high production of hexanol via gas fermentation using Clostridium carboxidivorans P7 by extracting hexanol from the fermentation broth. The hexanol extraction efficiency and inhibitory effects on C. carboxidivorans P7 of 2-butyl-1-octanol, hexyl hexanoate and oleyl alcohol were examined, and oleyl alcohol was selected as the extraction solvent. Oleyl alcohol was added at the beginning of fermentation and during fermentation or a small volume of oleyl alcohol was repeatedly added during fermentation. The addition of a small volume of oleyl alcohol during fermentation was the most effective for CO consumption and hexanol production (5.06 g/L), yielding the highest known hexanol titer through any type of fermentation including gas fermentation. Hexanol production was further enhanced to 8.45 g/L with the repeated addition of oleyl alcohol and ethanol during gas fermentation. The results of this study will enable sustainable and carbon-neutral hexanol production via gas fermentation.


Assuntos
Monóxido de Carbono , Hexanóis , Fermentação , Reatores Biológicos , Clostridium
20.
Cells ; 11(19)2022 09 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36231012

RESUMO

In the present study, Trichoderma virens TRS 106 decreased grey mould disease caused by Botrytis cinerea in tomato plants (S. lycopersicum L.) by enhancing their defense responses. Generally, plants belonging to the 'Remiz' variety, which were infected more effectively by B. cinerea than 'Perkoz' plants, generated more reactive molecules such as superoxide (O2-) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-), and less hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), S-nitrosothiols (SNO), and green leaf volatiles (GLV). Among the new findings, histochemical analyses revealed that B. cinerea infection caused nitric oxide (NO) accumulation in chloroplasts, which was not detected in plants treated with TRS 106, while treatment of plants with TRS 106 caused systemic spreading of H2O2 and NO accumulation in apoplast and nuclei. SPME-GCxGC TOF-MS analysis revealed 24 volatile organic compounds (VOC) released by tomato plants treated with TRS 106. Some of the hexanol derivatives, e.g., 4-ethyl-2-hexynal and 1,5-hexadien-3-ol, and salicylic acid derivatives, e.g., 4-hepten-2-yl and isoamyl salicylates, are considered in the protection of tomato plants against B. cinerea for the first time. The results are valuable for further studies aiming to further determine the location and function of NO in plants treated with Trichoderma and check the contribution of detected VOC in plant protection against B. cinerea.


Assuntos
Hypocrea , S-Nitrosotióis , Solanum lycopersicum , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis , Botrytis/fisiologia , Hexanóis/farmacologia , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico , Nitrogênio , Oxigênio/farmacologia , Ácido Peroxinitroso , Doenças das Plantas , S-Nitrosotióis/farmacologia , Ácido Salicílico/farmacologia , Superóxidos
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