RESUMO
BACKGROUND: A growing number of consumers are embracing the philosophy that natural products are better for their health and the environment. As such, they are seeking products they perceive to be safer, healthier, and without toxic chemical or synthetic ingredients. Natural products are gentle enough for daily use and provide a less abrasive alternative to more potent prescription formulations meant for short-term use. Herbal antimicrobial and antioxidant mouth rinses are considered effective adjuncts to toothbrushing and flossing for patients having gingivitis who have undergone implant treatment, providing a clinically significant benefit in the reduction of dental plaque, and also being antioxidant in nature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three types of plant species were taken into consideration. Phyllanthus emblica fruit, Punica granatum flower, and Illicium verum fruit and seed were collected from the native trees of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We conclude that P. emblica fruit, P. granatum flower, and I. verum fruit and seed exhibit large amounts of flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins. This study also shows that these samples can be used in clinical practice as it has less hematotoxixity percentage. P. granatum that is a pomegranate flower shows a high positive percentage in the presence of flavonoids and phenols. These plant extracts can be used in further studies and in clinical use as mouthwash or topical gel by adding preservatives and flavoring agents.
RésuméEn tant que tels, ils recherchent des produits qu'ils perçoivent comme étant plus sûrs, plus sains et sans ingrédients chimiques ou synthétiques toxiques. Les produits naturels sont suffisamment doux pour un usage quotidien et offrent une alternative moins abrasive aux formulations d'ordonnance plus puissantes destinées à une utilisation à court terme. Les bains de bouche antimicrobiens et antioxydants à base de plantes sont considérés comme des compléments efficaces au brossage des dents et à l'utilisation de la soie dentaire pour les patients atteints de gingivite qui ont subi un traitement implantaire, offrant un avantage cliniquement significatif dans la réduction de la plaque dentaire et étant également de nature antioxydante. Matériels et méthodes: Trois types d'espèces végétales ont été pris en considération. Le fruit de Phyllanthus emblica, la fleur de Punica granatum et le fruit et la graine d'Illicium verum ont été récoltés sur les arbres indigènes de Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Résultats et Conclusion: Nous concluons que les fruits de P. emblica, la fleur de P. granatum et les fruits et graines d'I. verum présentent de grandes quantités de flavonoïdes, de composés phénoliques et de tanins. Cette étude montre également que ces échantillons peuvent être utilisés en pratique clinique car ils ont un pourcentage d'hématotoxinie inférieur. P. granatum qui est une grenadeLa fleur présente un pourcentage positif élevé en présence de flavonoïdes et de phénols. Ces extraits de plantes peuvent être utilisés dans d'autres études et en utilisation clinique comme bain de bouche ou gel topique en ajoutant des conservateurs et des agents aromatisants.
Assuntos
Flavonoides , Flores , Frutas , Illicium , Fenóis , Phyllanthus emblica , Extratos Vegetais , Punica granatum , Phyllanthus emblica/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Flavonoides/análise , Punica granatum/química , Humanos , Flores/química , Illicium/química , Frutas/química , Sementes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologiaRESUMO
Fusarium proliferatum is the main pathogen that causes Panax notoginseng root rot. The shortcomings of strong volatility and poor water solubility of Illicium verum essential oil (EO) limit its utilization. In this study, we prepared traditional emulsion (BDT) and nanoemulsion (Bneo) of I. verum EO by ultrasonic method with Tween-80 and absolute ethanol as solvents. The chemical components of EO, BDT, and Bneo were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the antifungal activity and mechanism were compared. The results show that Bneo has good stability and its particle size is 34.86 nm. The contents of (-) -anethole and estragole in Bneo were significantly higher than those in BDT. The antifungal activity against F. proliferatum was 5.8-fold higher than BDT. In the presence of I. verum EO, the occurrence of P. notoginseng root rot was significantly reduced. By combining transcriptome and metabolomics analysis, I. verum EO was found to be involved in the mutual transformation of pentose and glucuronic acid, galactose metabolism, streptomycin biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and other metabolic pathways of F. proliferatum, and it interfered with the normal growth of F. proliferatum to exert antifungal effects. This study provide a theoretical basis for expanding the practical application of Bneo.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Emulsões , Fusarium , Illicium , Metabolômica , Óleos Voláteis , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos , Fusarium/genética , Fusarium/metabolismo , Illicium/química , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/metabolismo , Antifúngicos/química , Emulsões/química , Transcriptoma , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle , Perfilação da Expressão GênicaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal potential of the essential oils of Cananga odorata L. (ylang-ylang), Illicium verum (star anise), and Foeniculum vulgare (sweet fennel) in Rhipicephalus microplus engorged females. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation, and the females were immersed in each essential oil at concentrations ranging from 10⯵L/mL to 50⯵L/mL, using 10% dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent. Tick mortality was evaluated after seven and 14 days, and the following parameters were determined: female weight before oviposition, preoviposition period, egg mass weight, egg production index, incubation period, hatching rate, fecundity, percentage of reduction in oviposition, percentage of reduction in hatching and product efficacy. Lethal concentration (LC50) values were 34.42⯵L/mL (28.34-40.86) for C. odorata and 40.60⯵L/mL (32.58-58.21) for F. vulgare. This parameter was not calculated for I. verum because there was insufficient mortality at the concentrations evaluated. The greatest efficacy was observed in the group treated with 40⯵L/mL F. vulgare essential oil (97.17%), followed by I. verum (91.35%) and C. odorata (86.19%) at the same concentration. Efficacy results were associated with a greater reduction in egg mass weight and lower hatching rates. Although the essential oils caused a slight acaricidal impact, they showed significant effects on the reproductive performance of R. microplus engorged females. Thus, the results of this study indicate that these essential oils can be used in the development of new acaricidal formulations.
Assuntos
Acaricidas , Foeniculum , Illicium , Óleos Voláteis , Reprodução , Rhipicephalus , Animais , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Rhipicephalus/efeitos dos fármacos , Foeniculum/química , Feminino , Acaricidas/farmacologia , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Illicium/química , Oviposição/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/química , Bovinos , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Infestações por Carrapato/parasitologia , Infestações por Carrapato/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Three new cadinane sesquiterpenes (1-3) and three known sesquiterpenes were isolated from the stems and branches of Illicium ternstroemioides A. C. Smith. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic and HRESIMS data. The structures of illiternins A-C (1-3) were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction, allowing for the determination of their absolute configurations. Compounds 3 and 6 exhibited antiviral activity against Coxsackievirus B3 with IC50 values of 33.3 and 57.7 µM, respectively.
Assuntos
Illicium , Sesquiterpenos , Illicium/química , Estrutura Molecular , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos , Sesquiterpenos/químicaRESUMO
Six previously undescribed prenylated C6-C3 derivatives (1-6) were isolated from the root of Illicium ternstroemioides A. C. Smith. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and HRESIMS). The absolute configurations of 1-3 were determined using electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and Mo2(OAc)4 induced circular dichroism (ICD). Compound 3 exhibited weak activity against Coxsackievirus B3 with an IC50 value of 33.3 µM, and compound 5 exhibited more potent activity against Coxsackievirus B3 with an IC50 value of 6.4 µM.
Assuntos
Illicium , Illicium/química , Estrutura Molecular , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Dicroísmo Circular , Antivirais/farmacologiaRESUMO
Illicium verum, or star anise, has many uses ranging from culinary to religious. It has been used in the food industry since ancient times. The main purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition, antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activities of the essential oil (EO) obtained via hydro-distillation of the aerial parts of Illicium verum. Twenty-four components were identified representing 92.55% of the analyzed essential oil. (E)-anethole (83.68%), limonene (3.19%), and α-pinene (0.71%) were the main constituents of I. verum EO. The results show that the obtained EO was effective against eight bacterial strains to different degrees. Concerning the antibiofilm activity, trans-anethole was more effective against biofilm formation than the essential oil when tested using sub-inhibitory concentrations. The results of anti-swarming activity tested against P. aeruginosa PAO1 revealed that I. verum EO possesses more potent inhibitory effects on the swarming behavior of PAO1 when compared to trans-anethole, with the percentage reaching 38% at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The ADME profiling of the identified phytocompounds confirmed their important pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness properties. The in silico study using a molecular docking approach revealed a high binding score between the identified compounds with known target enzymes involved in antibacterial and anti-quorum sensing (QS) activities. Overall, the obtained results suggest I. verum EO to be a potentially good antimicrobial agent to prevent food contamination with foodborne pathogenic bacteria.
Assuntos
Illicium , Óleos Voláteis , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Percepção de Quorum , Illicium/química , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Biofilmes , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Bactérias , Pseudomonas aeruginosaRESUMO
Illicium verum Hook. F., also known as star anise, is one of the most important plants of the genus Anise in the family Magnoliaceae. I. verum not only has the functions of warming Yang, dispersing cold, regulating Qi and relieving pain but can also be used as a condiment to increase flavor as well as reconcile and remove fish smells. Currently, 201 chemical constituents have been identified from star anise; among these, star anise oil and shikimic acid are the two most widely used and studied chemical components in star anise, with the oil accounting for a large proportion of the total. This review integrates, classifies and updates studies related to the botany, pharmacology, phytochemistry, traditional and modern uses and quality control of star anise, with a special reference to its phytochemical composition and pharmacological activity. It will provide a reference for further research on this important medicinal plant. In addition, the broad applications and research profiles of star anise essential oil and shikimic acid are highlighted. Our review indicates that the research prospects regarding star anise are very broad and worthy of further investigation.
Assuntos
Illicium , Plantas Medicinais , Illicium/química , Ácido Chiquímico , Controle de QualidadeRESUMO
AIM: The current study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of Illicium verum fruits. BACKGROUND: Illicium verum fruits are frequently used by the Moroccan population in the treatment of diabetes. METHODS: The antihyperglycemic effect of the aqueous extract of Illicium verum fruits (AEIVF) in rats was assessed. The effects of AEIVF (20 mg/kg) on glycemia and lipid profile as well as its phytochemical and antioxidant properties were evaluated. RESULTS: In normal and diabetic rats, AEIVF reduced blood glucose levels 6 hours after administration. Furthermore, after 7 days of treatment, glycemia was lowered in diabetic rats, and this extract exhibited an antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION: The study shows that Illicium verum possesses a potent antidiabetic activity. In addition, the toxicity of AEIVF was evaluated and the LD50 value was found to be greater than the 2 g/kg dose.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Illicium , Ratos , Animais , Estreptozocina , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Illicium/química , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Fifteen unreported prenylated C6-C3 derivatives (1-15) were isolated from the stems and branches of Illicium ternstroemioides A. C. Smith, including one bis-prenylated C6-C3 derivative (1), three prenylated C6-C3 derivative-shikimic acid ester hybrids (2-4) and 11 prenylated C6-C3 monomers (5-15). The structures of compounds 1-15 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and HRESIMS). The absolute configurations of the compounds were determined using electronic circular dichroism (ECD), induced circular dichroism (ICD), and the modified Mosher's method. Among the isolates, compounds 11, 12, and 15 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the nitric oxide with IC50 values ranging from 1.89 to 24.83 µM in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and murine BV2 microglial cells; compounds 2, 3, and 7 exhibited antiviral activitives against Coxsackievirus B3 with an IC50 value of 33.3, 25.9, and 27.8 µM, respectively.
Assuntos
Illicium , Camundongos , Animais , Illicium/química , Estrutura Molecular , Anti-Inflamatórios , Macrófagos , Dicroísmo CircularRESUMO
Chinese star anise is an anise-scented star-shaped fruit of the evergreen Illicium verum tree. It is generally used as a spice and folk medicine for treating digestive illness. Chinese star anise may be adulterated with Japanese star anise (fruit of Illicium anisatum tree with similar morphology to the former), containing high content of toxic anisatin leading to severe physical disorders. In this work, a UHPLC-MS/MS method has been developed to determine three quality markers (quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin) and toxicity marker (anisatin) of star anise using quercetin-d3, an exogenous heavy isotopic compound, as internal standard. Chromatographic separation of quality and toxicity marker compounds was achieved using a T3 column within two minutes. The method was successfully developed, validated, and used to quantify the multiple marker compounds in both botanical reference materials and star anise samples. This method can be used for quality control and assessment of Chinese star anise products.
Assuntos
Illicium , Síndromes Neurotóxicas , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Illicium/química , Flavonoides/análise , Quercetina/análise , Frutas/químicaRESUMO
Eight undescribed ß-bergamotene-type sesquiterpene oliganins A-H (1-8) and one known α-bergamotene-type sesquiterpene (9) were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Illicium oligandrum Merr. & Chun. The structures of compounds 1-8 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations were determined by using a modified Mosher's method and electronic circular dichroism calculations. The isolates were further evaluated in terms of their anti-inflammatory potential on nitric oxide (NO) generation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 and BV2 cells. Compounds 2 and 8 exhibited potent inhibitory effects on the production of NO with IC50 values ranging from 21.65 to 49.28 µM, which were greater than or comparable to those of dexamethasone (positive control).
Assuntos
Illicium , Sesquiterpenos , Illicium/química , Estrutura Molecular , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Dicroísmo Circular , Óxido NítricoRESUMO
Chemical investigation of an alcohol extract from the twigs and leaves of Illicium henryi Diels resulted in the isolation of two new acorane-related seco-sesquiterpenes (1 and 3), two new acorane-related seco-norsesquiterpenes (2 and 4), one new 2-epi-cedrane sesquiterpene (5), eight new acorane-type sesquiterpenes (6-13), and a known major constituent of acorenone B (14). Their structures were established by interpreting extensive spectroscopic data, including HRESIMS, NMR (1H and 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC), and NOE difference spectra analysis. The absolute configurations of 1, 2, 4-7, 9, 10, and 14 were determined by X-ray crystallography, while chemical transformation methods were performed with compound 14 as the starting material to elegantly solve the absolute configuration issue of compounds 8 and 11-13. Notably, 1 and 2 are seco-sesquiterpenes that are related to acorane and possess an unusual ketal-linked hemiacetal in a 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-ol scaffold ring system. Plausible biosynthetic pathways for compounds 1-14, which were derived from the acorane skeleton, were proposed. All the isolated compounds (1-14) were evaluated for their antiviral and cytotoxic activities.
Assuntos
Antivirais , Illicium , Sesquiterpenos , Antivirais/química , Antivirais/farmacologia , Illicium/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estrutura Molecular , Folhas de Planta/química , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bradysia procera, a ginseng stem fungus gnat, is one of the most serious insect pests of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng), causing significant damage to plant growth. The goal of this study was to determine the toxicity and mechanism of action of phenylpropanoids (trans-anethole and estragole) isolated from the methanol extract and hydrodistillate of Illicium verum fruit against third-instar larvae and eggs of Bradysia procera. RESULTS: The filter-paper mortality bioassay revealed that estragole [median lethal concentration (LC50 ) = 4.68 g/cm2 ] has a significant fumigant effect, followed by trans-anethole (LC50 = 43.92 g/cm2 ). However, estragole had the lowest toxic effect when compared to commercially available insecticides. After 7 days, estragole and trans-anethole at 75 g/cm2 inhibited egg hatchability up to 97% and 93%, respectively. At 0.09 g/cm2 , insecticides had an inhibitory effect on egg-hatching ability ranging from 88% to 94%. Furthermore, in both closed and open containers, these active constituents were able to consistently induce vapor-phased toxicity. Both estragole and trans-anethole have the ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is involved in neurotransmitter function. However, the active constituent estragole from I. verum fruit acted as a potent AChE inhibitor and had a slightly lower effect on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) than octopamine alone. CONCLUSION: This finding suggests that estragole may influence Bradysia procera neurotransmitter function via both the AChE and octopaminergic receptors. More research is needed to demonstrate the potential applications of I. verum fruit-derived products as potential larvicides and ovicides for Bradysia procera population control. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Illicium , Inseticidas , Animais , Inseticidas/química , Illicium/química , Frutas/química , Acetilcolinesterase , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , NematócerosRESUMO
One new phenolic glycoside (1) and one new benzofuran derivative (2) were isolated from the leaves of Illicium dunnianum. The structures of these compounds were established by using comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, including the 1D and 2D NMR, IR, HR-ESI-MS, electronic circular dichroism and comparison with literature data. All isolates were evaluated for the inhibition against the production of NO by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.
Assuntos
Illicium , Illicium/química , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Glicosídeos/química , Dicroísmo Circular , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Fenóis/farmacologia , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
One undescribed diterpenoid illisimonone A, four undescribed sesquiterpenes named (±)-simonones A, simonterpenoids A and B, and two undescribed lignans, illisimonins A and B, along with five known compounds were isolated from the fruits of Illicium simonsii. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of illisimonone A was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Illisimonone A showed potential antiviral activity against the Coxsackie B3 virus, with an IC50 value of 3.70 µM. Illisimonin B and henrylactone A showed potential neuroprotective effects against oxygen-glucose deprivation induced cell injury in SK-N-SH cells, with survival rates of 57.6%, 58.0%, respectively.
Assuntos
Illicium , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Sesquiterpenos , Antivirais/química , Frutas/química , Illicium/química , Estrutura Molecular , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/química , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/químicaRESUMO
Four highly oxygenated sesquiterpenoids, illimicranolides A (1) and B (2), and illicinolides E (3) and F (4), were obtained from the fruits of Illicium micranthum Dunn, as well as one known analog, illicinolide B (5). The chemical structures of 1-4 were determined comprehensively by 1D (1 H and 13 C) and 2D (HMBC, HSQC, 1 H-1 H COSY, and ROESY) NMR, and HR-ESI-MS data. Structurally, compound 1 was an unprecedented sesquiterpenoid with a 5/5/6/5-fused tetracyclic ring system and was the first seco-prezizaane sesquiterpenoid featuring a 11,8-γ-lactone ring. Compounds 3 and 4 were the fifth and sixth examples of illicinolide-type sesquiterpenoids. Moreover, compound 1 demonstrated neurotrophic activity of NGF-induced PC12 cells with differentiation rate of 10.34 % at a concentration of 10⠵M.
Assuntos
Illicium , Sesquiterpenos , Animais , Frutas , Illicium/química , Lactonas/química , Estrutura Molecular , Ratos , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Recently, the effects of weed control on crop yield, quality and soil fertility have been increasingly investigated. However, soil microorganism diversity under weed control, especially for aromatic plants, is little studied. Mechanical weeding effects on soil fertility and microbial diversity in star anise plantations remain unknown, limiting improvements in crop quality and yield through weed control. Therefore, mechanical weeding (MW) and no weeding (NW) zones were randomly designed in the same star anise plantation to study the mechanical weeding impacts on soil biological properties and microbial diversity. The phosphatase activity of MW soil was significantly higher than that of NW soil; however, aminopeptidase activity was significantly lower than that under NW. There was no significant difference in ß-glucosidase activity between MW and NW. Moreover, soil microbial biomass C and N in MW soil were significantly higher than those of NW, but soil microbial biomass P was significantly lower than that of NW. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, WPS-2, Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia were the predominant bacterial phyla in MW and NW soils. Specifically, Bacteroidetes was enriched in MW soil, being the unique dominant bacteria. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, unclassified_k_Fungi, Rozellomycota and Mortierellomycota were the predominant fungi in MW and NW soils. The numbers of dominant bacterial genera (> 1%) were 26 and 23 for NW and MW soils, respectively. Among them, norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__Subgroup_6, 1921-2 and norank_f__norank_o__B12-WMSP1 went undetected in MW soil. Moreover, the numbers of dominant fungi in soils of star anise plantations were 11 and 9 for NW and MW, respectively. Among them, only unclassified_f__Clavicipitaceae and Mortierella went undetected in MW soils. Thus, soil microbial community structures are not significantly altered by mechanical weeding. The above results suggest that soil fertility can be improved and soil heath can be maintained by mechanical weeding in star anise plantations. Moreover, soil-borne diseases maybe easily occurred under NW treatment in star anise plantation.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos , Illicium , Microbiota , Bactérias/genética , Illicium/química , Solo/química , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic hyperglycemic triggers the non-enzymatic glycation of biomolecules, resulting in the production of advanced glycation endproducts, that lead to several micro- and macrovascular complications. Therefore, the discovery of new, effective, and safe anti-glycation agents is an important need. One of the best choices for the management of diabetes is to use complementary and alternative medicinal therapies. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the anti-glycation activity of ethanolic extract of Illicium verum Hook. f. (Star anise, a frequently used spice and medicinally important herb). METHODS: The anti-glycation activity of ethanolic extract of Illicium verum Hook. f. was determined by using both in-vitro and in-vivo assays. HSA-fructose glycation model was employed to assess the in-vitro inhibition of protein glycation, additionally cross-linked AGEs (formed by incubating lysozyme with fructose) were assessed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Dual inhibitory mechanisms, i.e., antioxidant and metal chelating activities, were also evaluated by using DPPH, ABTS, and Fe (II)-chelation assays. Acute toxicity of I. verum extract was also performed (by administrating different doses i.e. 2,000, 1,500, 1,000, and 500 mg/kg of body weight). Finally, in-vivo anti-glycation potential was evaluated by 7 weeks of administration of I. verum extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. RESULTS: In HSA-fructose glycation model, extract of I. verum showed a good inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.11±0.001 mg/mL, as compared to the standard inhibitor, rutin (IC50 = 0.02±0.01 mg/mL). Extract of I. verum showed inhibitory activity in DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging assays with IC50 values of 130±1.0, and 57±2.0 µg/mL, respectively, while it was found to be inactive in the Fe+2-chelation assay. The extract was found to be non-toxic, and reduce the elevated blood glucose, urea, lipid, liver function parameters, and renal AGEs levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that I. verum supplementation might help to reduce the burden of AGEs, and may have potential in preventing diabetes-associated complications.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Illicium , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Frutas , Glicosilação , Illicium/química , RatosRESUMO
Illicium verum Hook.f. (Chinese star anise), a known Chinese traditional spice, is commonly applied in Chinese cuisine and cooking in Southeast Asia. As a kind of medicinal and edible resource, the fruit of I. verum has attracted great attention for its chemical constituents and physiological activities. In this work, the phytochemical study of the fruits of I. verum led to the isolation and identification of 20 compounds, including 6 new lignans and phenylpropanoids (1-6) and 14 known ones (7-20). Their structures were characterized by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data (IR, UV, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (1D) NMR), electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation, and by comparison with literature data. Meanwhile, all compounds (1-20) were evaluated for their antiviral and antioxidant activities. Especially, compound 7 [(-)-bornyl p-coumarate] showed strong antiviral activities against influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 (PR8) with an IC50 value of 1.74 ± 0.47 µM, which is much better than those of Tamiflu (IC50 = 10.01 ± 0.92 µM) and ribavirin (IC50 = 10.76 ± 1.60 µM). The antiviral activity against PR8 of compound 7 was reported for the first time, which was sufficiently confirmed by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction, and immunofluorescence assays. In this study, the discovery of antiviral and antioxidant components from the fruits of I. verum could benefit the further development and utilization of this plant.
Assuntos
Illicium , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antivirais/farmacologia , China , Frutas/química , Illicium/químicaRESUMO
Fourteen new geranyl phenyl ethers (1-14) along with three known compounds (15-17) were isolated from Illicium micranthum, and their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic methods. Illimicranins A-H (1-8) were characterized as geranyl vanillin ethers, while 9 and 10 were dimethyl acetal derivatives. Illimicranins I and J (11 and 12) were rare geranyl isoeugenol ethers. Illimicranins K and L (13 and 14) represented the first example of geranyl guaiacylacetone ether and geranyl zingerone ether, respectively. Compounds 1, 2 and 15 exhibited anti-HBV (hepatitis B virus) activity against HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) and HBeAg (hepatitis B e antigen) secretion, and HBV DNA replication.