RESUMO
RATIONALE: Bacillus licheniformis (B licheniformis) is a commonly used microbiota modulator. However, infections are rarely observed in immunocompetent hosts. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 67-year-old woman who underwent esophagectomy experienced accidental injection of B licheniformis and presented with chills followed by hyperpyrexia. DIAGNOSIS: The initial diagnosis was B licheniformis bacteremia. INTERVENTION: Based on our experience, the patient first received levofloxacin and ornidazole. The application of levofloxacin was retained based on the antibiogram results. After discharge, the antibiotics were changed to vancomycin and levofloxacin, based on sensitivity tests, until two consecutive blood cultures were negative. OUTCOMES: The patient recovered without any severe complications. LESSONS: This is a rare report of the successful treatment of B licheniformis bacteremia caused by improper drug administration, which will provide a reference for the treatment of B licheniformis bacteremia.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bacillaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Bacillus licheniformis/isolamento & purificação , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Cateteres Venosos Centrais/microbiologia , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Bacillaceae/diagnóstico , Bacillus licheniformis/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Levofloxacino/uso terapêutico , Erros Médicos , Microbiota , Vancomicina/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
Corpos Estranhos no Olho/cirurgia , Órbita/cirurgia , Doenças Orbitárias/cirurgia , Adulto , Infecções por Bacillaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bacillaceae/etiologia , Bacillus cereus/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacillus cereus/isolamento & purificação , Corpos Estranhos no Olho/complicações , Corpos Estranhos no Olho/tratamento farmacológico , Corpos Estranhos no Olho/microbiologia , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/etiologia , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/cirurgia , Ferimentos Oculares Penetrantes/diagnóstico , Ferimentos Oculares Penetrantes/etiologia , Ferimentos Oculares Penetrantes/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Órbita/microbiologia , Doenças Orbitárias/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Orbitárias/etiologia , MadeiraAssuntos
Mononucleose Infecciosa/complicações , Mediastinite/etiologia , Doença Aguda , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Bacillaceae/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções por Bacillaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bacillaceae/etiologia , Infecções por Bacillaceae/cirurgia , Coinfecção/diagnóstico por imagem , Coinfecção/tratamento farmacológico , Coinfecção/cirurgia , Drenagem , Diagnóstico Precoce , Feminino , Herpesvirus Humano 4/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Mediastinite/diagnóstico por imagem , Mediastinite/tratamento farmacológico , Mediastinite/cirurgia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções Estreptocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/etiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The high prevalence of Bacillus species in nature and the detection of these bacteria as contaminant in cultures may lead diagnostic dilemma, however they should still be considered as a pathogen particularly in case of repeated positive cultures from patients with risk factors. Bacillus pumilus is a bacteria, though rarely, been reported as the causative agent of various infections such as sepsis, endocarditis, skin infections and food poisoning in human. In this report, a sepsis case in an immunocompetent patient caused by B.pumilus was presented. A 38-year-old female patient was admitted to emergency service of our hospital with the complaints of headache, dizziness and diarrhea. She had not any risk factors except a history of heart valve replacement operation two years ago. In physical examination, she had abdominal retention, high fever and hypotension, together with the high levels of sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The patient was hospitalized with the preliminary diagnosis of sepsis. Three sets of blood samples at two different periods were taken for the culture. All blood culture vials had a positive signal at the second day of incubation in BD BACTEC™ 9050 system, therefore subcultures were performed in sheep blood agar, chocolate agar and MacConkey agar, and incubated in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Beta-haemolytic, gray-colored large colonies were isolated from anaerobic culture at the end of 18-24 hours incubation, and Gram staining from colonies showed gram-positive rods. The isolate was identified as B.pumilus with 99% accuracy rate by using BD Phoenix™ 100 identification system. This result was also confirmed by MALDI-TOF based VITEK® MS system and 16S rRNA sequencing by Illumina MiSeq® platform. Antibiotic susceptibility test performed by BD Phoenix™ 100 system and the isolate was found to be resistant against penicillin, while it was susceptible to vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Initial treatment of patient was started with intravenous ceftriaxone and metronidazole empirically. Hypotension and fever returned to normal levels at the second and third days of the treatment, respectively. Metronidazole treatment was stopped at seventh day, and treatment was completed to 14 day with ceftriaxone alone. At the end of the treatment course, general condition of the patient was completely good, ESR and CRP were also decreased to normal levels. In conclusion, although most of the reported bloodstream infections that are caused by B.pumilus are intravascular catheter-related, artificial heart valves should also be considered as a risk factor even though vegetation was not detected in our patient.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Bacillaceae/microbiologia , Bacillus pumilus/patogenicidade , Infecções Oportunistas/microbiologia , Sepse/microbiologia , Adulto , Infecções por Bacillaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Bacillus pumilus/efeitos dos fármacos , Sedimentação Sanguínea , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Ceftriaxona/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Humanos , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Infecções Oportunistas/tratamento farmacológico , Sepse/tratamento farmacológicoAssuntos
Infecções por Bacillaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Bacillus cereus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Abscesso Hepático Piogênico/microbiologia , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Abscesso Hepático Piogênico/diagnóstico por imagem , Abscesso Hepático Piogênico/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do Tratamento , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The first step during bacillithiol (BSH) biosynthesis involves the formation of N-acetylglucosaminylmalate from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and l-malate and is catalyzed by a GT4 class glycosyltransferase enzyme (BshA). Recombinant Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis BshA were highly specific and active with l-malate but the former showed low activity with d-glyceric acid and the latter with d-malate. We show that BshA is inhibited by BSH and similarly that MshA (first enzyme of mycothiol biosynthesis) is inhibited by the final product MSH.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Bacillus subtilis/enzimologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Cisteína/análogos & derivados , Glucosamina/análogos & derivados , N-Acetilglucosaminiltransferases/metabolismo , Staphylococcus aureus/enzimologia , Infecções por Bacillaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas de Bactérias/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Cisteína/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Glucosamina/metabolismo , Glicopeptídeos/metabolismo , Inositol/metabolismo , Cinética , Malatos/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Peso Molecular , N-Acetilglucosaminiltransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , N-Acetilglucosaminiltransferases/química , N-Acetilglucosaminiltransferases/genética , Conformação Proteica , Proteínas Recombinantes/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Especificidade por Substrato , Uridina Difosfato N-Acetilglicosamina/metabolismoRESUMO
Catheter-related bloodstream infection causes severe complications and high mortality. CDC revised the guideline for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infection in 2011, and various anti-infection devices were introduced. However, the most important deterrents of infection are basic procedures such as hand-hygiene and maximal barrier precautions. I would like to describe the points involving early detection, and its medical treatment and prevention.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/prevenção & controle , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/prevenção & controle , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Bacillaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Bacillus cereus/isolamento & purificação , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/microbiologia , Feminino , Guias como Assunto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous environmental micro-organism which is often a contaminant of clinical cultures. Infections due to B. cereus are described, but mostly in immunocompromised patients. We report a fatal outcome of B. cereus septicaemia in an immunocompetent patient with a mechanical mitral valve.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bacillaceae/diagnóstico , Bacillus cereus/isolamento & purificação , Sepse/diagnóstico , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Bacillaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Endocardite Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Endocardite Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Evolução Fatal , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Humanos , Imunocompetência , Masculino , Valva Mitral/microbiologia , Sepse/tratamento farmacológicoAssuntos
Infecções por Bacillaceae/microbiologia , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/microbiologia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/prevenção & controle , Cateterismo Venoso Central/instrumentação , Cateteres de Demora/microbiologia , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Bacillaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bacillaceae/epidemiologia , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Cateteres de Demora/efeitos adversos , Contaminação de Equipamentos , Humanos , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Bacillus cereus is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, beta hemolytic bacterium which rarely causes eye infections. We present a case of 15 year old boy with unilateral keratitis. He was treated for two months by his ophthalmologist who suspected herpetic keratitis. Patient most probably suffered secondary infection by Bacillus cereus. After bacillus was identified and targeted treatment given clinical picture improved rapidly. Until now there are only few cases of bacillus cereus keratitis published.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bacillaceae/diagnóstico , Bacillus cereus , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Ceratite/microbiologia , Adolescente , Infecções por Bacillaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Ceratite/tratamento farmacológico , MasculinoRESUMO
Bacillus cereus is a growing concern as a cause of life-threatening infections in patients with hematologic malignancies. However, the risk factors for patients with unfavorable outcomes have not been fully elucidated. At our institution, we observed the growth of B. cereus in blood culture in 68 patients with (23) or without (45) hematologic malignancies treated from September 2002 to November 2009. We defined a case as having sepsis when more than two blood culture sets were positive for B. cereus or only a single set was positive in the absence of other microorganisms in patients who had definite infectious lesions. We determined 12 of 23 patients with hematologic malignancies as having sepsis, as well as 10 of 45 patients without hematologic malignancies (p = 0.012). Of the 12 patients with hematologic malignancies, four patients with acute leukemia died of B. cereus sepsis within a few days. In our cohort, risk factor analysis demonstrated that a neutrophil count of 0/mm(3), central venous (CV) catheter insertion, and the presence of central nervous system (CNS) symptoms were significantly associated with a fatal prognosis (p = 0.010, 0.010, and 0.010, respectively). Analysis of data from our cohort in conjunction with those from 46 previously reported patients with B. cereus sepsis identified similar risk factors, that is, acute leukemia, extremely low neutrophil count, and CNS symptoms (p = 0.044, 0.004, and 0.002, respectively). These results indicate that appropriate prophylaxis and early therapeutic intervention against possible B. cereus sepsis are crucially important in the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bacillaceae/microbiologia , Bacillus cereus/isolamento & purificação , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/microbiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antibioticoprofilaxia , Infecções por Bacillaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Neoplasias Hematológicas/patologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Periorbital cellulitis is an inflammation of the lids and periorbital tissues without signs of true involvement such as proptosis or limitation of eye movement. METHODS: Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming soil bacterium with the ability to produce insecticidal crystal proteins. B thuringiensis is an extremely rare causative organism of orbital and periorbital infections. However, it was rarely seen isolated in pediatric cases with preseptal cellulites. Ocular infections of this bacteria quickly progress, within 12-48 hours from inoculation, leading to endophthalmitis or panophthalmitis and irreversible vision loss. RESULTS: Periorbital cellulitis should be recognized promptly and treated carefully. Hospitalization, prompt systemic antibiotic therapy, and careful monitoring for signs of sepsis and local invasion are critical. CONCLUSIONS: We report a rare presentation of periorbital cellulitis caused by B thuringiensis.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bacillaceae/microbiologia , Bacillus thuringiensis/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/microbiologia , Celulite Orbitária/microbiologia , Infecções por Bacillaceae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bacillaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Criança , Quimioterapia Combinada , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Metilprednisolona/uso terapêutico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Celulite Orbitária/diagnóstico , Celulite Orbitária/tratamento farmacológico , Penicilina G/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Bacillus species are aerobic, gram-positive, spore forming rods that are usually found in the soil, dust, streams, and other environmental sources. Except for Bacillus. anthracis (B. anthracis), most species display low virulence, and only rarely cause infections in hosts with weak or damaged immune systems. There are two case reports of B. cereus as a potentially serious bacterial pathogen causing a liver abscess in an immunologically competent patient. We herein report a case of liver abscess and sepsis caused by B. pantothenticus in an immunocompetent patient. Until now, no case of liver abscess due to B. pantothenticus has been reported.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bacillaceae/diagnóstico , Bacillus/isolamento & purificação , Abscesso Hepático/microbiologia , Sepse/microbiologia , Adulto , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Bacillaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bacillaceae/microbiologia , Humanos , Imunocompetência , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A case of Bacillus cereus meningitis in a term neonate without identifiable risk factors or source of the organism is presented. Prompt identification of the organism and treatment resulted in a favourable outcome.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bacillaceae/complicações , Bacillus cereus/fisiologia , Meningites Bacterianas/etiologia , Ampicilina/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Bacillaceae/congênito , Infecções por Bacillaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bacillaceae/microbiologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Meningites Bacterianas/congênito , Meningites Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Meningites Bacterianas/microbiologia , Netilmicina/administração & dosagem , Nascimento a Termo , Vancomicina/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Bacillus cereus is known as a serious bacterial pathogen in neutropenic patients. B. cereus is often resistant to beta-lactams, including penicillins and cephalosporins. We report a case of fatal pneumonia caused by B. cereus in a patient with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during remission induction therapy. Cefepime was started for febrile neutropenia (FN) initially and was switched to panipem/betamipron, when fulminant pneumonia supervened. The isolated strain was resistant not only to cefepime but also to panipenem/betamipron. This is the first report of fulminant infection caused by carbapenem-resistant B. cereus in a neutropenic patient. B. cereus should be kept in mind as a target of empirical treatment when neutropenic patients develop pneumonia.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bacillaceae/microbiologia , Bacillus cereus/efeitos dos fármacos , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/complicações , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Resistência beta-Lactâmica , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Bacillaceae/complicações , Infecções por Bacillaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Bacillus cereus/isolamento & purificação , Carbapenêmicos/uso terapêutico , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutropenia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/complicações , Pneumonia Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Indução de Remissão , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XAssuntos
Bacillus cereus/efeitos dos fármacos , Carbapenêmicos/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Rabdomiossarcoma/microbiologia , Resistência beta-Lactâmica , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Bacillaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Ofloxacino/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Antibiotic dependence in clinical isolates has been reported, albeit rarely, such as vancomycin-dependent enterococcus and beta-lactam-dependent Staphylococcus saprophyticus. We report herein a clinical isolate of beta-lactam-dependent Bacillus cereus. A 16-yr-old female was admitted on 8 September 2005 with neutropenic fever during chemotherapy following surgical removal of peripheral neuroectodermal tumor. She had had an indwelling chemoport since August 2004 and experienced B. cereus bacteremia three times during the recent 3-month period prior to the admission; the bacteremias were treated with cefepime-based chemotherapy. On hospital days 1 and 3, B. cereus was isolated from blood drawn through the chemoport. The isolates were resistant to penicillin, ceftriaxone, and erythromycin, and susceptible to vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. The isolate of hospital day 3 grew only nearby the beta-lactam disks including penicillin and ceftriaxone on disk diffusion testing. The beta-lactam-dependent isolate required a minimum of 0.064 microg/mL of penicillin or 0.023 microgram/mL of cefotaxime for growth, which was demonstrated by E test (AB Biodisk, Sweden). Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed a marked elongation of the dependent strain compared with the non-dependent strain. Prolonged therapy with beta-lactams in the patient with an indwelling intravenous catheter seemed to be a risk factor for the emergence of beta-lactam-dependence in B. cereus.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bacillaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Bacillus cereus/efeitos dos fármacos , Cefalosporinas/uso terapêutico , Neutropenia/complicações , Resistência beta-Lactâmica , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Bacillaceae/microbiologia , Bacillus cereus/citologia , Bacillus cereus/isolamento & purificação , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Cefepima , Feminino , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Neutropenia/etiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
To elucidate the occurrence of heat-stable toxin-producing strains among mastitic Bacillus isolates, 100 milk samples of mastitic cows from different parts of Finland were screened. Bacillus was identified as the major organism in 23 samples. Toxinogenic Bacillus isolates identified by sperm cell motility inhibition assay were isolated from six samples. Four isolates belonged to the species Bacillus pumilus and two to Bacillus licheniformis. The toxic substances were heat-stable and soluble to methanol thus being of non-protein nature. The methanol extracted substances disrupted the sperm cell plasma membrane permeability barrier at exposure concentrations of 1-15 microg ml(-1) (B. pumilus) or 20-30 microg ml(-1) (B. licheniformis). The toxic properties of the two mastitic B. licheniformis strains were similar to those of B. licheniformis strains known to produce the lipopeptide lichenysin A and the synthetase genes lchAA, lchAB and lchAC for lichenysin were found in the mastitic strains by PCR. Toxin synthetase genes for the syntheses of lichenysin or surfactin were searched but not found in the toxic B. pumilus strains. The ribopatterns of the mastitic B. pumilus and B. licheniformis isolates were similar to those of the toxinogenic strains described earlier from food poisoning incidents and contaminated indoor air. B. licheniformis and B. pumilus survive pasteurization and other heat treatments as spores. Toxin-producing strains of these species in the dairy production chain may thus be of food safety concern.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bacillaceae/veterinária , Bacillus , Toxinas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Leite/microbiologia , Microbiologia do Ar , Animais , Infecções por Bacillaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bacillaceae/microbiologia , Bacillus/classificação , Bacillus/isolamento & purificação , Bacillus/patogenicidade , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Bovinos , Feminino , Finlândia , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Mastite Bovina/tratamento farmacológico , Filogenia , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Toxicidade/veterináriaRESUMO
A fatal case of meningoencephalitis caused by Bacillus cereus, an uncommon but potential pathogen, resistant to most beta-lactam antibiotics, is described in a 28-day old premature neonate. Difficulties for clinical diagnosis and treatment are discussed. A review of the literature (26 published cases) is given. Early diagnosis of neonatal B. cereus infection is crucial as it leads to a standard treatment including vancomycin.