RESUMO
Impedance aggregometry is an alternative to light transmission aggregometry that allows analysis of platelet function in whole blood samples. We hypothesized (1) impedance aggregometry would produce repeatable results, (2) inhibition of cyclooxygenase with aspirin would attenuate aggregation responses to collagen and abolish the aggregation response to arachidonic acid (AA), and (3) thromboxane receptor antagonism (terutroban) would attenuate the aggregation response to AA. Venous blood was obtained from 11 participants three times separated by at least 2 weeks. One sample followed 7-day-aspirin intervention (81 mg once daily; ASA), the others no intervention (control). Aggregation was induced using 1 µg/mL collagen ([col 1]), 5 µg/mL collagen ([col 5]), and 50 mM AA via impedance aggregometry to determine total aggregation (AUC) analyzed for intra-test repeatability, inter-test repeatability, intervention (ASA or control), and incubation (saline or terutroban). [col 1] showed high intra-test (p ≤ 0.03 visit 1 and 2) and inter-test repeatability (p < 0.01). [col 5] and AA showed intra- ([col 5] p < 0.01 visit 1 and 2; AA p < 0.001 visit 1 and 2) but not inter-test repeatability ([col 5] p = 0.48; AA p = 0.06). ASA attenuated AUC responses to [col 1] (p < 0.01), [col 5] (p = 0.03), and AA (p < 0.01). Terutroban attenuated AUC in response to AA (p < 0.01). [col 1] shows sufficient repeatability for longitudinal investigations of platelet function. [col 5] and AA may be used to investigate mechanisms of platelet function and metabolism at a single time point.
Assuntos
Aspirina , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase , Impedância Elétrica , Agregação Plaquetária , Testes de Função Plaquetária , Propionatos , Receptores de Tromboxanos , Humanos , Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Feminino , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Aspirina/farmacologia , Receptores de Tromboxanos/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Tromboxanos/metabolismo , Adulto , Testes de Função Plaquetária/métodos , Propionatos/farmacologia , Naftalenos/farmacologia , Ácido Araquidônico/farmacologia , Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/farmacologia , Colágeno/farmacologiaRESUMO
dMMR tumors, which have high tumor mutational and neoantigen burdens, are highly responsive to immune checkpoint blockade. Wu et al.1 showed that combining COX inhibitors with PD-1 blockade could be a safe and effective treatment option for dMMR metastatic colorectal cancer. The study highlights the potential of this combination therapy in achieving deep and long-lasting responses in dMMR colorectal cancers.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/imunologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Apresentação de Antígeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologiaRESUMO
In a landmark study, oleocanthal (OLC), a major phenolic in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), was found to possess anti-inflammatory activity similar to ibuprofen, involving inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. EVOO is a rich source of bioactive compounds including fatty acids and phenolics; however, the biological activities of only a small subset of compounds associated with Olea europaea have been explored. Here, the OliveNetTM library (consisting of over 600 compounds) was utilized to investigate olive-derived compounds as potential modulators of the arachidonic acid pathway. Our first aim was to perform enzymatic assays to evaluate the inhibitory activity of a selection of phenolic compounds and fatty acids against COX isoforms (COX-1 and COX-2) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). Olive compounds were found to inhibit COX isoforms, with minimal activity against 15-LOX. Subsequent molecular docking indicated that the olive compounds possess strong binding affinities for the active site of COX isoforms, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirmed the stability of binding. Moreover, olive compounds were predicted to have favorable pharmacokinetic properties, including a readiness to cross biological membranes as highlighted by steered MD simulations and umbrella sampling. Importantly, olive compounds including OLC were identified as non-inhibitors of the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel based on patch clamp assays. Overall, this study extends our understanding of the bioactivity of Olea-europaea-derived compounds, many of which are now known to be, at least in part, accountable for the beneficial health effects of the Mediterranean diet.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Olea , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/química , Olea/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Humanos , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/química , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/química , Araquidonato 15-Lipoxigenase/metabolismo , Araquidonato 15-Lipoxigenase/química , Azeite de Oliva/química , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintases/metabolismo , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Monoterpenos Ciclopentânicos , Simulação por Computador , AldeídosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Emerging data indicate that acetaminophen may adversely affect lung health. We examined whether acetaminophen compared with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor alone for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with mortality or respiratory morbidity in extremely preterm infants. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Infants were born at 22 to 28 weeks' gestation or weighing 401 to 1000 g between 2016 and 2020 and received acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and/or indomethacin for PDA closure. The primary outcome was death or grade 2 to 3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. Secondary outcomes included predischarge mortality and respiratory morbidities. Risk ratios were adjusted for baseline and early postnatal factors. Additional exploratory analyses were adjusted for later postnatal covariates. RESULTS: Of 1921 infants, 627 (32.6%) received acetaminophen and 1294 (67.3%) received COX inhibitor only. Multidrug therapy (42.9% vs 4.7%) and surgical or catheter PDA closure (26.5% vs 19.9%) were more common among acetaminophen-exposed infants. Death or grade 2 to 3 BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age was similar between infants treated with acetaminophen versus COX inhibitor only (57.1% vs 58.3%; adjusted relative risk [aRR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-1.06). Acetaminophen was associated with increased risk of predischarge mortality (13.3% vs 10.0%) when adjusting for perinatal and early postnatal factors (aRR 1.42, 95% CI 1.02-1.93), but not in exploratory analyses that included later postnatal factors (aRR 1.28, 95% CI 0.91-1.82). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with acetaminophen versus COX inhibitor alone for PDA was not associated with the composite outcome of death or BPD in extremely preterm infants. Our results support further evaluation of whether acetaminophen for PDA increases mortality.
Assuntos
Acetaminofen , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial , Ibuprofeno , Lactente Extremamente Prematuro , Humanos , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/tratamento farmacológico , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/mortalidade , Acetaminofen/efeitos adversos , Acetaminofen/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Recém-Nascido , Feminino , Masculino , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/uso terapêutico , Ibuprofeno/efeitos adversos , Ibuprofeno/uso terapêutico , Indometacina/efeitos adversos , Indometacina/uso terapêutico , Displasia Broncopulmonar/mortalidade , Displasia Broncopulmonar/epidemiologia , Lactente , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/efeitos adversos , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia CombinadaRESUMO
This study generated bioactive hydrolysates using the enzyme Alcalase and autolysis from mesopelagic fish, including Maurolicus muelleri and Benthosema glaciale. Generated hydrolysates were investigated for their bioactivities using in vitro bioassays, and bioactive peptides were identified using mass spectrometry in active hydrolysates with cyclooxygenase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and antioxidant activities. In silico analysis was employed to rank identified peptide sequences in terms of overall bioactivity using programmes including Peptide Ranker, PrepAIP, Umami-MRNN and AntiDMPpred. Seven peptides predicted to have anti-inflammatory, anti-type 2 diabetes or Umami potential using in silico strategies were chemically synthesised, and their anti-inflammatory activities were confirmed using in vitro bioassays with COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. The peptide QCPLHRPWAL inhibited COX-1 and COX-2 by 82.90% (+/-0.54) and 53.84%, respectively, and had a selectivity index greater than 10. This peptide warrants further research as a novel anti-inflammatory/pain relief peptide. Other peptides with DPP-IV inhibitory and Umami flavours were identified. These offer potential for use as functional foods or topical agents to prevent pain and inflammation.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios , Proteínas de Peixes , Peixes , Peptídeos , Hidrolisados de Proteína , Animais , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacologia , Hidrolisados de Proteína/química , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Proteínas de Peixes/farmacologia , Proteínas de Peixes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Simulação por Computador , Inibidores da Dipeptidil Peptidase IV/farmacologia , Inibidores da Dipeptidil Peptidase IV/química , Inibidores da Dipeptidil Peptidase IV/isolamento & purificação , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/metabolismo , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/químicaRESUMO
Metabolites exploration of the ethyl acetate extract of Fusarium solani culture broth that was isolated from Euphorbia tirucalli root afforded five compounds; 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), tyrosol (3), azelaic acid (4), malic acid (5), and fusaric acid (6). Fungal extract as well as its metabolites were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperpigmentation potential via in vitro cyclooxygenases and tyrosinase inhibition assays, respectively. Azelaic acid (4) exhibited powerful and selective COX-2 inhibition followed by fusaric acid (6) with IC50 values (2.21 ± 0.06 and 4.81 ± 0.14 µM, respectively). As well, azelaic acid (4) had the most impressive tyrosinase inhibitory effect with IC50 value of 8.75 ± 0.18 µM compared to kojic acid (IC50 = 9.27 ± 0.19 µM). Exclusive computational studies of azelaic acid and fusaric acid with COX-2 were in good accord with the in vitro results. Interestingly, this is the first time to investigate and report the potential of compounds 3-6 to inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes. One of the most invasive forms of skin cancer is melanoma, a molecular docking study using a set of enzymes related to melanoma suggested pirin to be therapeutic target for azelaic acid and fusaric acid as a plausible mechanism for their anti-melanoma activity.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios , Ácidos Dicarboxílicos , Fusarium , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Ácidos Dicarboxílicos/metabolismo , Ácidos Dicarboxílicos/farmacologia , Ácidos Dicarboxílicos/química , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/metabolismo , Humanos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Ácido Fusárico/farmacologia , Ácido Fusárico/metabolismo , Ácido Fusárico/química , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/antagonistas & inibidores , Simulação por Computador , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/químicaRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of cyclooxygenase (cox) inhibitors against myocardial hypertrophy.Rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes were induced by mechanical stretching. SD rats underwent transverse aortic constriction to induce pressure overload myocardial hypertrophy. Rats were subjected to echocardiography and tail arterial pressure in 12W. qPCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of Notch-related signaling. The inflammatory factors were tested by ELISA in serum, heart tissue, and cell culture supernatant.Compared with control, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1ß were increased and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was reduced in myocardial tissues and serum of rat models. Levels of Notch1 and Hes1 were reduced in myocardial tissues. However, cox inhibitor treatment (aspirin and celecoxib), the improvement of exacerbated myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, dysfunction, and inflammation was parallel to the activation of Notch1/Hes1 pathway. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that, in cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells, application of ~20% mechanical stretching activated inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1ß) and hypertrophic markers (ANP and BNP). Moreover, expression levels of Notch1 and Hes1 were decreased. These changes were effectively alleviated by aspirin and celecoxib.Cox inhibitors may protect heart from hypertrophy and inflammation possibly via the Notch1/Hes1 signaling pathway.
Assuntos
Aspirina , Celecoxib , Miócitos Cardíacos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptor Notch1 , Transdução de Sinais , Fatores de Transcrição HES-1 , Animais , Receptor Notch1/metabolismo , Ratos , Fatores de Transcrição HES-1/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Celecoxib/farmacologia , Aspirina/farmacologia , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/uso terapêutico , Cardiomegalia/metabolismo , Cardiomegalia/prevenção & controle , Cardiomegalia/etiologia , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Two chitosan Schiff bases were synthesized by condensation of chitosan with 2-(4-formylphenoxy)-N-phenylacetamide and N-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(4-formylphenoxy) acetamide denoted as Cs-SBA and Cs-SBBr, respectively. The molecular structures of the resulting chitosan derivatives were characterized using FTIR and 1HNMR and their thermal properties were investigated by TGA. These derivatives were treated with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) to produce Cs Schiff base nanoparticles. The nanoparticles physicochemical properties were determined by FTIR, XRD, TEM, and zeta potential analysis. The antimicrobial action against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was evaluated and the results indicated that the anti-H. pylori activity had minimal inhibitory concentration MIC values of 15.62 ± 0.05 and 3.9 ± 0.03 µg/mL for Cs-SBA and Cs-SBBr nanoparticles (Cs-SBA NPs and Cs-SBBr NPs), respectively. The better biologically active nanoparticles, Cs-SBBr NPs, were tested for their cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibitory potential. Cs-SBBr NPs demonstrated COX enzyme inhibition activity against COX-2 (IC50 4.5 ± 0.165 µg/mL) higher than the conventional Indomethacin (IC50 0.08 ± 0.003 µg/mL), and Celecoxib (IC50 0.79 ± 0.029 µg/mL). Additionally, the cytotoxicity test of Cs-SBBr NPs showed cytotoxic effect on Vero cells (CCL-81) with IC50 = 17.95 ± 0.12 µg/mL which is regarded as a safe compound. Therefore, Cs-SBBr NPs may become an alternative to cure H. pylori and prevent gastric cancer.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Quitosana , Helicobacter pylori , Nanopartículas , Bases de Schiff , Quitosana/química , Quitosana/farmacologia , Quitosana/síntese química , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Bases de Schiff/química , Bases de Schiff/farmacologia , Nanopartículas/química , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Células Vero , Chlorocebus aethiops , Técnicas de Química Sintética , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/síntese química , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismoRESUMO
Aiming to discover effective and safe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, a new set of 1,2,4-triazole tetrahydroisoquinoline hybrids 9a-g, 11a-g and 12a-g was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of COX-1 and COX-2. In order to overcome the adverse effects of highly selective COX-2 and non-selective COX-2 inhibitors, the compounds of this study were designed with the goal of obtaining moderately selective COX-2 inhibitors. In this study compounds 9e, 9g and 11f are the most effective derivatives against COX-2 with IC50 values 0.87, 1.27 and 0.58 µM, respectively which are better than or comparable to the standard drug celecoxib (IC50 = 0.82 µM) but with lower selectivity indices as required by our goal design. The results of the in vivo anti-inflammatory inhibition test revealed that compounds 9e, 9g and 11f displayed a higher significant anti-inflammatory activity than celecoxib at all-time intervals. In addition, these compounds significantly decreased the production of inflammatory mediators PGE-2, TNF-É and IL-6. Compounds 9e, 9g and 11f had a safe gastric profile compared to indomethacin, also compound 11f (ulcerogenic index = 1.33) was less ulcerous than the safe celecoxib (ulcerogenic index = 3). Moreover, histopathological investigations revealed a normal architecture of both paw skin and gastric mucosa after oral treatment of rats with compound 11f. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were performed on COX-1 and COX-2 to study the binding pattern of compounds 9e, 9g and 11f on both isoenzymes.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1 , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Desenho de Fármacos , Edema , Triazóis , Triazóis/química , Triazóis/farmacologia , Triazóis/síntese química , Animais , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/síntese química , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ratos , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Estrutura Molecular , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/farmacologia , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/química , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/síntese química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/síntese química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/síntese química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/química , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Masculino , Carragenina , Ratos Wistar , Humanos , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The frequent use of anti-inflammatory drugs and the side effects of existing drugs keep the need for new compounds constant. For this purpose, flurbiprofen and ibuprofen-like compounds, which are frequently used anti-inflammatory compounds in this study, were synthesized and their structures were elucidated. Like ibuprofen and flurbiprofen, the compounds contain a residue of phenylacetic acid. On the other hand, it contains a secondary amine residue. Thus, it is planned to reduce the acidity, which is the biggest side effect of NSAI drugs, even a little bit. The estimated ADME parameters of the compounds were evaluated. Apart from internal use, local use of anti-inflammatory compounds is also very important. For this reason, the skin permeability values of the compounds were also calculated. And it has been found to be compatible with reference drugs. The COX enzyme inhibitory effects of the obtained compounds were tested by in vitro experiments. Compound 2a showed significant activity against COX-1 enzyme with an IC50 = 0.123 + 0.005 µM. The interaction of the compound with the enzyme active site was clarified by molecular dynamics studies.
Assuntos
Ciclo-Oxigenase 1 , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase , Flurbiprofeno , Ibuprofeno , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Flurbiprofeno/farmacologia , Flurbiprofeno/química , Ibuprofeno/farmacologia , Ibuprofeno/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/síntese química , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/química , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/síntese química , Humanos , Domínio Catalítico , Fenilacetatos/química , Fenilacetatos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Tropaeolum majus (garden nasturtium) is a plant with relevance in phytomedicine, appreciated not only for its pharmaceutical activities, but also for its beautiful leaves and flowers. Here, we investigated the phytochemical composition of senescent nasturtium leaves. Indeed, we identified yellow chlorophyll catabolites, also termed phylloxanthobilins, which we show to contribute to the bright yellow color of the leaves in the autumn season. Moreover, we isolated and characterized the phylloxanthobilins from T. majus, and report the identification of a pyro-phylloxanthobilin, so far only accessible by chemical synthesis. We show that the phylloxanthobilins contribute to bioactivities of T. majus by displaying strong anti-oxidative effects in vitro and in cellulo, and anti-inflammatory effects as assessed by COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibition, similar to other bioactive ingredients of T. majus, isoquercitrin, and chlorogenic acid. Hence, phylloxanthobilins could play a role in the efficacy of T. majus in the treatment of urinary tract infections, an established indication of T. majus. With the results shown in this study, we aid in the completion of the phytochemical profile of T. majus by identifying additional bioactive natural products as relevant components of this medicinal plant.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios , Antioxidantes , Folhas de Planta , Tropaeolum , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Tropaeolum/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/química , Humanos , Clorofila , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Compostos Fitoquímicos/químicaRESUMO
Immune therapy is the new frontier of cancer treatment. Therapeutic radiation is a known inducer of immune response and can be limited by immunosuppressive mediators including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) that is highly expressed in aggressive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). A clinical cohort of TNBC tumors revealed poor radiation therapeutic efficacy in tumors expressing high COX2. Herein, we show that radiation combined with adjuvant NSAID (indomethacin) treatment provides a powerful combination to reduce both primary tumor growth and lung metastasis in aggressive 4T1 TNBC tumors, which occurs in part through increased antitumor immune response. Spatial immunological changes including augmented lymphoid infiltration into the tumor epithelium and locally increased cGAS/STING1 and type I IFN gene expression were observed in radiation-indomethacin-treated 4T1 tumors. Thus, radiation and adjuvant NSAID treatment shifts "immune desert phenotypes" toward antitumor M1/TH1 immune mediators in these immunologically challenging tumors. Importantly, radiation-indomethacin combination treatment improved local control of the primary lesion, reduced metastatic burden, and increased median survival when compared with radiation treatment alone. These results show that clinically available NSAIDs can improve radiation therapeutic efficacy through increased antitumor immune response and augmented local generation of cGAS/STING1 and type I IFNs.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Membrana , Transdução de Sinais , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos , Animais , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Camundongos , Feminino , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologia , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/imunologia , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/radioterapia , Indometacina/farmacologia , Indometacina/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/uso terapêutico , Nucleotidiltransferases/metabolismo , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB CRESUMO
Quinone-containing compounds have risen as promising anti-inflammatory targets; however, very little research has been directed to investigate their potentials. Accordingly, the current study aimed to design and synthesize group of quinones bearing different substituents to investigate the effect of these functionalities on the anti-inflammatory activities of this important scaffold. The choice of these substituents was carefully done, varying from a directly attached heterocyclic ring to different aromatic moieties linked through a nitrogen spacer. Both in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of the synthesized compounds were assessed relative to the positive standards: celecoxib and indomethacin. The in vitro enzymatic and transcription inhibitory actions of all the synthesized compounds were tested against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), and 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) and the in vivo gene expression of Interleukin-1, interleukin 10, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) were determined. The IC50 against COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes obtained by the immunoassay test revealed promising activities of sixteen compounds with selectivity indices higher than 100-fold COX-2 selectivity. Out of those, four compounds revealed selectivity indices comparable to celecoxib as a reference drug. Furthermore, all the tested compounds inhibited LOX with an IC50 in the range of 1.59-3.11 µM superior to that of the reference drug used; zileuton (IC50 = 3.50 µM). Consequently, these results highlight the promising LOX inhibitory activity of the tested compounds. The obtained in vivo paw edema results showed high inhibitory percentage for the compounds 9a, 9b, and 11a with the significant lower TNF-α relative mRNA expression for compounds 5a, 5d, 9a, 9b, 12d, and 12e. Finally, in silico docking of the most active compounds (5b, 5d, 9a, 9b) against COX2 enzymes presented an acceptable justification of the obtained in vitro inhibitory activities. As a conclusion, Compounds 5b, 5d, 9a, 9b, and 11b showed promising results and thus deserves further investigation.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Edema , Inibidores de Lipoxigenase , Quinonas , Animais , Inibidores de Lipoxigenase/farmacologia , Ratos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Quinonas/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Masculino , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular/métodos , Araquidonato 5-Lipoxigenase/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/metabolismo , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , CarrageninaRESUMO
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are commonly used in pharmaceutical applications as excellent solubilizers of active substances. This study investigated the tuning of ibuprofen and ketoprofen solubility utilizing DESs containing choline chloride or betaine as hydrogen bond acceptors and various polyols (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol) as hydrogen bond donors. Experimental solubility data were collected for all DES systems. A machine learning model was developed using COSMO-RS molecular descriptors to predict solubility. All studied DESs exhibited a cosolvency effect, increasing drug solubility at modest concentrations of water. The model accurately predicted solubility for ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and related analogs (flurbiprofen, felbinac, phenylacetic acid, diphenylacetic acid). A machine learning approach utilizing COSMO-RS descriptors enables the rational design and solubility prediction of DES formulations for improved pharmaceutical applications.
Assuntos
Solventes Eutéticos Profundos , Ibuprofeno , Cetoprofeno , Aprendizado de Máquina , Solubilidade , Cetoprofeno/química , Ibuprofeno/química , Solventes Eutéticos Profundos/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/química , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Solventes/químicaRESUMO
The transitional epithelial cells (urothelium) that line the lumen of the urinary bladder form a barrier between potentially harmful pathogens, toxins, and other bladder contents and the inner layers of the bladder wall. The urothelium, however, is not simply a passive barrier, as it can produce signaling factors, such as ATP, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and other prostanoids, that can modulate bladder function. We investigated whether substances produced by the urothelium could directly modulate the contractility of the underlying urinary bladder smooth muscle. Force was measured in isolated strips of mouse urinary bladder with the urothelium intact or denuded. Bladder strips developed spontaneous tone and phasic contractions. In urothelium-intact strips, basal tone, as well as the frequency and amplitude of phasic contractions, were 25%, 32%, and 338% higher than in urothelium-denuded strips, respectively. Basal tone and phasic contractility in urothelium-intact bladder strips were abolished by the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin (10 µM) or the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel blocker diltiazem (50 µM), whereas blocking neuronal sodium channels with tetrodotoxin (1 µM) had no effect. These results suggest that prostanoids produced in the urothelium enhance smooth muscle tone and phasic contractions by activating voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in the underlying bladder smooth muscle. We went on to demonstrate that blocking COX inhibits the generation of transient pressure events in isolated pressurized bladders and greatly attenuates the afferent nerve activity during bladder filling, suggesting that urothelial prostanoids may also play a role in sensory nerve signaling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper provides evidence for the role of urothelial-derived prostanoids in maintaining tone in the urinary bladder during bladder filling, not only underscoring the role of the urothelium as more than a barrier but also contributing to active regulation of the urinary bladder. Furthermore, cyclooxygenase products greatly augment sensory nerve activity generated by bladder afferents during bladder filling and thus may play a role in perception of bladder fullness.
Assuntos
Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Contração Muscular , Músculo Liso , Prostaglandinas , Bexiga Urinária , Urotélio , Animais , Bexiga Urinária/inervação , Bexiga Urinária/fisiologia , Bexiga Urinária/efeitos dos fármacos , Urotélio/inervação , Urotélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Urotélio/metabolismo , Urotélio/fisiologia , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Prostaglandinas/metabolismo , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/inervação , Músculo Liso/fisiologia , Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Camundongos , Masculino , Neurônios Aferentes/fisiologia , Neurônios Aferentes/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios Aferentes/metabolismo , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , FemininoRESUMO
Elevated levels of prostaglandin E2 have been implicated in the pathophysiology of various diseases. Anti-inflammatory drugs that act through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymatic activity, thereby leading to the suppression of prostaglandin E2, are often associated with several side effects due to their non-specific inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes. Consequently, the targeted suppression of prostaglandin E2 production with innovative molecules and/or mechanisms emerges as a compelling therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases. Therefore, in this study, a systematic analysis of 28 pyrazole derivatives was conducted to explore their potential mechanisms for reducing prostaglandin E2 levels. In this context, the evaluation of these derivatives extended to examining their capacity to reduce prostaglandin E2in vitro in human whole blood, inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes, modulate cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and suppress oxidative burst in human leukocytes. The results enabled the establishment of significant structure-activity relationships, elucidating key determinants for their activities. In particular, the 4-styryl group on the pyrazole moiety and the presence of chloro substitutions were identified as key determinants. Pyrazole 8 demonstrated the capacity to reduce prostaglandin E2 levels by downregulating cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and pyrazole-1,2,3-triazole 18 emerged as a dual-acting agent, inhibiting human leukocytes' oxidative burst and cyclooxygenase-2 activity. Furthermore, pyrazole 26 demonstrated effective reduction of prostaglandin E2 levels through selective cyclooxygenase-1 inhibition. These results underscore the multifaceted anti-inflammatory potential of pyrazoles, providing new insights into the substitutions and structural frameworks that are beneficial for the studied activity.
Assuntos
Ciclo-Oxigenase 1 , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Dinoprostona , Leucócitos , Pirazóis , Explosão Respiratória , Humanos , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Pirazóis/química , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Explosão Respiratória/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/metabolismo , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Approximately 20% of patients with DNA mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer do not respond to anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) ligand therapy, and baseline biomarkers of response are lacking. METHODS: We conducted a phase 2 study to evaluate the efficacy of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with dMMR metastatic colorectal cancer. The primary endpoint was objective response rate. The secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), disease control rate, duration of response, and safety. FINDINGS: A total of 30 patients were enrolled, and the objective response rate was 73.3%, meeting the predefined endpoint of 68%. The median PFS and median OS were not reached at a median follow-up period of 50.8 months. Disease control was achieved in 28 patients (93.3%). The median duration of response was not reached. The combination was well tolerated. Multiomics analysis revealed that the antigen processing and presentation pathway was positively associated with treatment response and PFS. Higher TAPBP expression was predictive of better PFS (log-rank p = 0.003), and this prognostic significance was confirmed in an immunotherapy validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, COX inhibitors combined with PD-1 blockade may be effective and safe treatment options for patients with dMMR metastatic colorectal cancer, and TAPBP may serve as a biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (this study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03638297). FUNDING: Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81974369) and the program of Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases (2020B1111170004).
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase , Reparo de Erro de Pareamento de DNA , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/imunologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Intervalo Livre de ProgressãoRESUMO
Aim: Over the last few decades, therapeutic needs have led to a search for safer COX-2 inhibitors with potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. Materials & methods: A new series of oxazolone and imidazolone derivatives 3a-c and 4a-r were synthesized and evaluated as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. COX-1/COX-2 isozyme selectivity testing and molecular docking were performed. Results: All compounds showed good activities comparable to those of the reference, celecoxib. The most active compounds 3a, 4a, 4c, 4e and 4f showed promising gastric tolerability with an ulcer index lower than that of celecoxib. The molecular docking of p-methoxyphenyl derivative 4c showed alkyl interaction with the side pocket His75 of COX-2 and achieved the best anti-inflammatory activity, with a COX-2 selectivity index better than that of celecoxib.
[Box: see text].
Assuntos
Analgésicos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1 , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Imidazóis , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Oxazolona , Imidazóis/química , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Imidazóis/síntese química , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Analgésicos/química , Analgésicos/síntese química , Animais , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Oxazolona/química , Oxazolona/farmacologia , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/síntese química , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/síntese química , Camundongos , Ratos , Masculino , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/síntese química , CarrageninaRESUMO
In this study, a new series of Isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized and characterized via HRMS, 1H-, 13CAPT-NMR, and MicroED. The findings revealed that nearly all of the synthesized derivatives exhibited potent inhibitory activities against both COX enzymes, with IC50 values ranging from 4.1 nM to 3.87 µM. Specifically, MYM1 demonstrated the highest efficacy among the compounds tested against the COX-1, displaying an IC50 value of 4.1 nM. The results showed that 5 compounds possess high COX-2 isozyme inhibitory effects with IC50 value in range 0.24-1.30 µM with COX-2 selectivity indexes (2.51-6.13), among these compounds MYM4 has the lowest IC50 value against COX-2, with selectivity index around 4. Intriguingly, this compound displayed significant antiproliferative effects against CaCo-2, Hep3B, and HeLa cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 10.22, 4.84, and 1.57 µM, respectively, which was nearly comparable to that of doxorubicin. Compound MYM4 showed low cytotoxic activities on normal cell lines LX-2 and Hek293t with IC50 values 20.01 and 216.97 µM respectively, with safer values than doxorubicin. Furthermore, compound MYM4 was able to induce the apoptosis, suppress the colonization of both HeLa and HepG2 cells. Additionally, the induction of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production could be the mechanism underlying the apoptotic effect and the cytotoxic activity of the compound. In the 3D multicellular tumor spheroid model, results revealed that MYM4 compound hampered the spheroid formation capacity of Hep3B and HeLa cancer cells. Moreover, the molecular docking of MYM4 compound revealed a high affinity for the COX2 enzyme, with energy scores (S) -7.45 kcal/mol, which were comparable to celecoxib (S) -8.40 kcal/mol. Collectively, these findings position MYM4 as a promising pharmacological candidate as COX inhibitor and anticancer agent.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Proliferação de Células , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Isoxazóis , Humanos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Isoxazóis/farmacologia , Isoxazóis/química , Isoxazóis/síntese química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/síntese química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/química , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esferoides Celulares/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Moleculares , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular TumoralRESUMO
Understanding interactions between legacy and emerging environmental contaminants has important implications for risk assessment, especially when mutagens and carcinogens are involved, whose critical effects are chronic and therefore difficult to predict. The current work aimed to investigate potential interactions between benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and legacy pollutant, and diclofenac (DFC), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and pollutant of emerging concern, and how DFC affects B[a]P toxicity. Exposure to binary mixtures of these chemicals resulted in substantially reduced cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells compared to single-chemical exposures. Significant antagonistic effects were observed in response to high concentrations of B[a]P in combination with DFC at IC50 and â IC50. While additive effects were found for levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, antagonistic mixture effects were observed for genotoxicity. B[a]P induced DNA strand breaks, γH2AX activation, and micronuclei formation at ½ IC50 concentrations or lower, whereas DFC induced only low levels of DNA strand breaks. Their mixture caused significantly lower levels of genotoxicity by all three endpoints compared to those expected based on concentration additivity. In addition, antagonistic mixture effects on CYP1 enzyme activity suggested that the observed reduced genotoxicity of B[a]P was due to its reduced metabolic activation as a result of enzymatic inhibition by DFC. Overall, the findings further support the growing concern that co-exposure to environmental toxicants and their non-additive interactions may be a confounding factor that should not be neglected in environmental and human health risk assessment.