[A historical view of breast implants: Controversy on silicones and breast implant associated -anaplastic large cell lymphoma]. / Seins à dessein. Une histoire d' implants mammaires : controverses autour de la silicone et du lymphome anaplasique a grandes cellules-associe implants mammaires.

Since the dawn of breast implantation back in the sixties, five generations of breast implants have tried to provide the most natural-looking results while striving to eliminate the risk of unpleasant ruptures or capsular contractures. National Health regulators (i.e. the FDA in USA and ANSM in France) have had an "after the facts" reaction, which led to a so-called "dirty war" among producers in the form of a 1992 Silicone's Moratorium (after suspicions of associated cancer or immune-related disorders) all this under the rigid oversight of a FDA director, who seemed more sensible to media scandal than scientific data. After more than a decade of consistent scientific evidence, the interdiction was finally ended in France in 2001 and in the USA in 2006, however the scandals resurfaced again in 2011 after a proven fraud on the "PIP - affair" and most recently with "breast implant associated - anaplastic large cell lymphoma", an extremely serious and rare pathology, treated only by surgical means, until further research. We describe also a chronology on the way the FDA finally recognized this dramatic complication.

Pioneers of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: History from Case Report to Global Recognition.

The first case of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (breast implant ALCL) was described by John Keech and the late Brevator Creech in 1997. In the following 2 decades, much research has led to acceptance of breast implant ALCL as a specific clinicopathologic entity, a process that we bring up to life through the memories of 6 persons who were involved in this progress, although we acknowledge that many others also have contributed to the current state of the art of this disease. Dr. Keech recalls the events that led him and Creech to first report the disease. Ahmet Dogan and colleagues at the Mayo Clinic described a series of 4 patients with breast implant ALCL, and led to increased awareness of breast implant ALCL in the pathology community. Daphne de Jong and colleagues in the Netherlands were the first to provide epidemiologic evidence to support the association between breast implants and ALCL. Garry Brody was one of the first investigators to collect a large number of patients with the disease, present the spectrum of clinical findings, and alert the community of plastic surgeons. Roberto Miranda and L. Jeffrey Medeiros and colleagues studied the pathologic findings of a large number of cases of breast implant ALCL, and published the findings in 2 impactful studies in the medical oncology literature. The recognition and acceptance of this disease by surgeons, epidemiologists, and medical oncologists, working together, has led to subsequent studies on the pathogenesis and optimal therapy of this disease.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: twenty-five years of discovery.

CONTEXT: The year 2010 commemorates the 25th year since the seminal publication by Karl Lennert and Harald Stein and others in Kiel, West Germany, describing an unusual large cell lymphoma now known as anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Investigators at many universities and hospitals worldwide have contributed to our current in-depth understanding of this unique peripheral T-cell lymphoma, which in its systemic form, principally occurs in children and young adults. OBJECTIVE: To summarize our current knowledge of the clinical and pathologic features of systemic and primary cutaneous ALCL. Particular emphasis is given to the biology and pathogenesis of ALCL. DATA SOURCES: Search of the medical literature (Ovid MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE: 1950 to Present [National Library of Medicine]) and more than 20 years of diagnostic experience were used as the source of data for review. CONCLUSIONS: Based on immunostaining for activation antigen CD30 and the presence of dysregulation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (2p23), the diagnosis of ALCL has become relatively straightforward for most patients. Major strides have been made during the last decade in our understanding of the complex pathogenesis of ALCL. Constitutive NPM-ALK signaling has been shown to drive oncogenesis via an intricate network of redundant and interacting pathways that regulate cell proliferation, cell fate, and cytoskeletal modeling. Nevertheless, pathomechanistic, therapeutic, and diagnostic challenges remain that should be resolved as we embark on the next generation of discovery.