Sociocognição e saúde mental: a 'leitura do outro' no cuidado em saúde / Cognición social y salud mental: la 'lectura de la mente' en la assistencia a salud / Social cognition and mental health: the mindreading in the healthcare work

RESUMO. Teoria da mente é a habilidade sociocognitiva de inferir pensamentos, sentimentos e intenções. É uma habilidade que sustenta as relações sociais e parece particularmente relevante para o exercício de certas atividades que estão ligadas à 'leitura do outro', como a prática de profissionais que exercem o cuidado em equipamentos de saúde, como ocorre nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial. Este estudo teórico teve o objetivo de analisar a importância das habilidades sociocognitivas para o trabalho em saúde, especialmente na saúde mental, a fim de identificar e discutir possíveis fatores que podem ter impacto na inferência que os profissionais fazem a respeito do que os usuários do serviço estão pensando, sentindo ou querendo. A análise permitiu observar as formas pelas quais a teoria da mente pode se tornar importante ferramenta para o profissional no processo terapêutico. Além disso, foi possível identificar que, no formato em que tem funcionado atualmente, o trabalho em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial tem exposto o profissional a diversos estressores que parecem produzir efeitos em suas habilidades sociocognitivas, podendo prejudicar não apenas sua saúde como também o exercício do cuidado.

RESUMEN. Teoría de la mente es la capacidad sociocognitiva de inferir pensamientos, sentimientos e intenciones. Es una habilidad que apoya las relaciones sociales y parece particularmente relevante para el ejercicio de determinadas actividades que están vinculadas a 'leer al otro', como la práctica de los profesionales que brindan atención en equipos de salud, como ocurre en los Centros de Atención Psicosocial. Este estudio teórico tuvo como objetivo analizar la importancia de las habilidades socio-cognitivas para el trabajo en salud, especialmente en salud mental, buscando identificar y discutir posibles factores que pueden incidir en la inferencia que hacen los profesionales sobre lo que piensan, sienten o sienten los usuarios del servicio. El análisis permitió observar las formas en que la teoría de la mente puede convertirse en una herramienta importante para los profesionales en el proceso terapéutico. Además, se pudo identificar que, en el formato en el que se ha operado actualmente, el trabajo en Centros de Atención Psicosocial ha expuesto a los profesionales a diversos estresores que parecen afectar sus habilidades sociocognitivas, los cuales pueden perjudicar no solo su salud sino también el ejercicio del cuidado.

ABSTRACT. Theory of mind is a social cognition ability to infer thoughts, feelings and intentions. It is a skill that underpins social relationships and seems particularly relevant to the exercise of certain activities linked to mindreading, such as healthcare practice, for example, in Psychosocial Care Centers. This theoretical study aims to analyze the importance of social cognition skills for mental health practitioners, seeking to identify and discuss possible factors that impact how these professionals infer what service users are thinking, feeling or wanting. The analysis allowed us to observe how the theory of mind can become an important tool for professionals in the therapeutic process. In particular, the study concludes that work in Psychosocial Care Centers has exposed professionals to various stressors that seem to have an effect on their social cognition skills, which can harm not only their health but also their ability to attend to the needs of service users.

Emerging topics in dementia care and services.

BACKGROUND: The National Institute on Aging (NIA), in conjunction with the Department of Health and Human Services as part of the National Alzheimer's Project Act (NAPA), convened a 2020 Dementia Care, Caregiving, and Services Research Summit Virtual Meeting Series. This review article summarizes three areas of emerging science that are likely to grow in importance given advances in measurement, technologies, and diagnostic tests that were presented at the Summit. RESULTS: Dr. Cassel discussed novel ethical considerations that have resulted from scientific advances that have enabled early diagnosis of pre-clinical dementia. Dr. Monin then summarized issues regarding emotional experiences in persons with dementia and their caregivers and care partners, including the protective impact of positive emotion and heterogeneity of differences in emotion by dementia type and individual characteristics that affect emotional processes with disease progression. Finally, Dr. Jared Benge provided an overview of the role of technologies in buffering the impact of cognitive change on real-world functioning and their utility in safety and monitoring of function and treatment adherence, facilitating communication and transportation, and increasing access to specialists in underserved or remote areas. CONCLUSIONS: National policy initiatives, supported by strong advocacy and increased federal investments, have accelerated the pace of scientific inquiry and innovation related to dementia care and services but have raised some new concerns regarding ethics, disparities, and attending to individual needs, capabilities, and preferences.

Challenges for Family Medicine Residents in Attaining the CanMEDS Professional Role: A Thematic Analysis of Preceptor Field Notes.

PURPOSE: Among the roles of the competent physician is that of a professional, according to the Canadian Medical Education Directives for Specialists (CanMEDS) framework, which describes the abilities physicians require to effectively meet the health care needs of the people they serve. Through examination of preceptor field notes on resident performance, the authors identified aspects of this role with which family medicine residents struggle. METHOD: The authors used a structured thematic analysis in this qualitative study to explore the written feedback postgraduate medical learners receive at the University of Toronto Department of Family and Community Medicine. Seventy field notes written between 2015 and 2017 by clinical educators for residents who scored "below expectation" in the CanMEDS professional role were analyzed. From free-text comments, the authors derived inductive codes, amalgamated the codes into themes, and measured the frequency of the occurrence of the codes. The authors then mapped the themes to the key competencies of the CanMEDS professional role. RESULTS: From the field notes, 7 themes emerged that described reasons for poor performance. Lack of collegiality, failure to adhere to standards of practice or legal guidelines, and lack of reflection or self-learning were identified as major issues. Other themes were failure to maintain boundaries, taking actions that could have a negative impact on patient care, failure to maintain patient confidentiality, and failure to engage in self-care. When the themes were mapped to the key competencies in the CanMEDS professional role, most related to the competency "commitment to the profession." CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights aspects of professional conduct with which residents struggle and suggests that the way professionalism is taught in residency programs-and at all medical training levels-should be reassessed. Educational interventions that emphasize learners' commitment to the profession could enhance the development of more practitioners who are consummate professionals.

Análisis de algunos comportamientos nocivos de la población cubana frente a la COVID-19 / Analysis of some harmful behaviors against COVID-19 among the Cuban population

Introducción: El mundo se enfrenta hoy a una de las pandemias más graves de la historia, la COVID-19. Objetivos: Identificar los principales comportamientos nocivos de la población cubana frente a las medidas adoptadas para evitar el contagio de la pandemia COVID-19, de diciembre a mayo de 2020. Material y Métodos: Se efectuó una revisión sistemática ordenada, mediante búsquedas electrónicas en bibliotecas de revistas médicas indexadas nacionales y extranjeras, comunicaciones oficiales de organismos internacionales, regionales, nacionales y boletines informativos de ministerios durante los últimos cinco meses de 2020 en La Habana, Cuba. Desarrollo: Se encontraron comportamientos nocivos tanto en Cuba como en otros países con cierta similitud, pues son reprobados socialmente, expresión de indisciplina social, conducta antisocial, violaciones del orden socialmente establecido que pueden tipificar delitos, aunque en la Isla carecen del dramatismo del resto de los países y no quedan impunes. Conclusiones: Los principales comportamientos nocivos encontrados se relacionan con el delito de propagación de epidemias, incremento de la indisciplina social y delitos económicos; resultantes de falta de exigencia, control, denuncia, tolerancia social y haber bajado la vigilancia revolucionaria; como expresión de un fenómeno causal complejo que incluye necesidades insatisfechas, problemas económicos, sociales, infodemia, distorsión de la comunicación y baja percepción del riesgo. Despuntaron comportamientos que distinguen al pueblo cubano como solidaridad, altruismo, bondad, humanismo, espiritualidad, capacidad compasiva, potencialidad para involucrarse que contribuyen a la transmisión de valores y tributan a la inspiración de los que cada día contribuyen a la rica historia de este país (AU)

Introduction: Currently, the world is facing one of the most serious pandemics in history, the COVID-19. Objectives: To identify the main harmful behaviors among the Cuban population against the measures adopted to avoid COVID-19 contagion from December to May 2020. Material and Methods: An ordered systematic review was performed through searches for electronic articles indexed in national and foreign medical journals; official communications from international, regional, and national organizations; and newsletters published by some ministries during last five months in Havana, Cuba. Development: Similar harmful behaviors were found in Cuba and other countries since they are socially reprehensible and express different forms of social indiscipline, antisocial behavior, and violations of the socially established order that can typify crimes. However, in the island, they lack drama and do not go unpunished compared to other countries. Conclusions: The main harmful behaviors found were associated with the crime of spreading epidemics and the increase of social indiscipline and economic crimes resulting from lack of demands, control, denunciation, social tolerance and decrease of revolutionary surveillance as an expression of a complex causal phenomenon which includes unsatisfied needs, economic and social issues, infodemic, communication distortion and low perception of risk. Some proper behaviors of the Cuban people such as as solidarity, altruism, kindness, humanism, spirituality, compassionate ability, and potential to get involved in the transmission of values, have also shown the inspiration of those people whose day-to-day commitment has contributed to the rich history of this country(AU)