RESUMO
Recent studies have shown that UVB irradiation induces primary and secondary hyperalgesia in rats and humans peaking about 24h after UVB exposure. In the present study we investigated the changes in galanin, substance P and c-fos immunoreactivity in rat DRG and spinal cord at the L5 level 2-96h after UVB irradiation. UVB irradiation of the heel area in rats almost increased the skin blood flow two-fold 24h after irradiation as measured by laser Doppler technique. UVB irradiation induced a significant reduction of the proportion of galanin positive DRG neurons for all time points, except at 12h. In the spinal cord, UVB irradiation induced increased immunoreactivity for galanin in the dorsal horn, the area around the central canal and interestingly also in the lateral spinal nucleus 12-96h after exposure. For substance P the proportion of substance P positive neurons was unchanged but UVB irradiation induced increased substance P immunoreactivity in the dorsal part of the spinal cord 48h after irradiation. UVB irradiation also induced c-fos immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn and the area around the central canal 24 and 48h after exposure. This translational model of UVB irradiation will induce rapid changes of neuropeptides implicated in nociceptive signaling in areas known to be of importance for nociception in a time frame, about 24h after exposure, where also neurophysiological alteration have been described in humans and rats.
Assuntos
Galanina/imunologia , Neuropeptídeos/imunologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/imunologia , Substância P/imunologia , Animais , Galanina/efeitos da radiação , Gânglios Espinais/imunologia , Gânglios Espinais/patologia , Gânglios Espinais/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Neuropeptídeos/efeitos da radiação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/efeitos da radiação , Ratos , Medula Espinal/imunologia , Medula Espinal/patologia , Medula Espinal/efeitos da radiação , Substância P/efeitos da radiação , Raios UltravioletaRESUMO
Ionizing radiation induces altered brain tissue homeostasis and can lead to morphological and functional deficits. In this study, adult male Wistar rats received whole-body exposure with fractionated doses of gamma rays (a total dose of 5 Gy) and were investigated 30 and 60 days later. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were used to determine proliferation rate of cells residing or derived from the forebrain anterior subventricular zone (SVZa) and microglia distributed along and/or adjacent to subventricular zone-olfactory bulb axis. Cell counting was performed in four anatomical parts along the well-defined pathway, known as the rostral migratory stream (RMS) represented by the SVZa, vertical arm, elbow and horizontal arm of the RMS. Different spatiotemporal distribution pattern of cell proliferation was seen up to 60 days after irradiation through the migratory pathway. A population of neuroblasts underwent less evident changes up to 60 days after treatment. Fractionated exposure led to decline or loss of resting as well as reactive forms of microglia until 60 days after irradiation. Results showed that altered expression of the SVZa derived cells and ultimative decrease of microglia may contribute to development of radiation-induced late effects.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/efeitos da radiação , Raios gama , Microglia/efeitos da radiação , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/biossíntese , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/efeitos da radiação , Neuropeptídeos/biossíntese , Neuropeptídeos/efeitos da radiação , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Proteínas do Domínio Duplacortina , Proteína Duplacortina , Raios gama/efeitos adversos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Masculino , Microglia/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a 1440-nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser on relieving pain in relation to the levels of inflammatory cytokine and neuropeptides in the root canal exudates of teeth with persistent symptomatic apical periodontitis. METHODS: Forty teeth with persistent symptomatic apical periodontitis were randomly assigned to treatment groups: group L, intracanal irradiation of 1440-nm Nd:YAG laser with a 300-µm-diameter fiberoptic tip in addition to conventional root canal retreatment, and group C, conventional root canal re-treatment. The degrees of both spontaneous pain and the pain on percussion before and after treatment were recorded, and root canal exudate samples were collected to quantify the associated levels of substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 by immunoassay. RESULTS: All of the measured parameters were significantly reduced in group L (P < .05), whereas the level of pain on percussion, CGRP, and MMP-8 were significantly reduced in group C (P < .05). The 1440-nm Nd:YAG laser had significantly better effect on the relief of pain on percussion and the reduction of substance P, CGRP, and MMP-8 levels. The visual analog scale scores of perceived pain correlated with pain-related neuropeptides and inflammatory cytokine levels in root canal exudates. CONCLUSIONS: The 1440-nm Nd:YAG laser irradiation via fiberoptic tip to the teeth with persistent apical periodontitis provided promising consequences of pain and inflammation modulation.
Assuntos
Cavidade Pulpar/efeitos da radiação , Lasers de Estado Sólido/uso terapêutico , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/instrumentação , Neuropeptídeos/efeitos da radiação , Dor/radioterapia , Periodontite Periapical/radioterapia , Adulto , Peptídeo Relacionado com Gene de Calcitonina/efeitos da radiação , Citocinas/efeitos da radiação , Exsudatos e Transudatos/efeitos da radiação , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Mediadores da Inflamação/efeitos da radiação , Masculino , Metaloproteinase 8 da Matriz/efeitos da radiação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neurotransmissores/efeitos da radiação , Fibras Ópticas , Medição da Dor/métodos , Percussão , Estudos Prospectivos , Retratamento , Substância P/efeitos da radiação , Vasodilatadores/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Vacuum UV matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTMS) has been applied to the direct analysis of crustacean neuronal tissues using in-cell accumulation techniques to improve sensitivity. In an extension of previous work by Li and co-workers (Kutz, K. K.; Schmidt, J. J.; Li, L. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 5630-5640), and with a focus on the Maine lobster, Homarus americanus, we report that many peaks appearing in direct tissue spectra from crustaceans result from the metastable decay of aspartate-containing neuropeptides with localized protonation sites. We report on mass spectral characteristics of crustacean neuropeptides under MALDI-FTMS conditions and show how fragments formed by Asp-Xxx cleavages can be used to advantage for the identification of orcokinin peptides, a ubiquitous family of crustacean neuropeptides with a highly conserved N-terminus sequence. We show that predicted fragment ion fingerprints (FIFs) can be used to screen internally calibrated direct tissue spectra to provide high-confidence identification of previously identified orcokinin peptides. We use FIFs, identified based upon characteristic neutral losses, to screen for new members of the orcokinin family. Sustained off-resonance irradiation of y-series fragment ions is used to sequence the variable C-terminus. We apply these techniques to the analysis of CoG tissues from Cancer borealis and Panulirus interruptus and show that orcokinins in P. interruptus were misidentified in a previous MALDI-TOF study.
Assuntos
Decápodes/química , Neuropeptídeos/análise , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodos , Animais , Lasers , Neuropeptídeos/química , Neuropeptídeos/efeitos da radiação , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray/instrumentação , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/instrumentação , Raios UltravioletaRESUMO
We examined the effects of irradiation over the thorax of the rat on the mast cells, the neuropeptide-containing nerve fibers, and the expression of atrial natriuretic peptide in the heart and lung. The total doses were 20 to 36 Gy delivered as single doses or fractionated irradiation. Immunohistochemical and radioimmunoassay methods were used. The number of mast cells was much reduced in both the lung and heart in response to irradiation. A trend for lowering the atrial natriuretic peptide levels in plasma was noted both 1 day and 9 days after irradiation. In contrast to the situation in other organs (salivary and laryngeal glands, the intestine), no changes occurred in the immunohistochemical expression of neuropeptides. With these observations and those made in previous studies about the effects of radiotherapy on other organs, the functional significance and basis for further research in the fields are discussed.
Assuntos
Fator Natriurético Atrial/efeitos da radiação , Coração/efeitos da radiação , Pulmão/efeitos da radiação , Mastócitos/efeitos da radiação , Neuropeptídeos/efeitos da radiação , Raios X/efeitos adversos , Animais , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica , Pulmão/citologia , Pulmão/metabolismo , Miocárdio/citologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Fibras Nervosas/metabolismo , Radioimunoensaio , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Timo/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Numerous cells are closely associated with cutaneous nerve fibers, which through the action of neuropeptides are able to modulate cellular function. Anatomical and physiological links between immune cells and nerves and other cells in skin are so close that we propose the concept of a neuro-immuno-cutaneous system (NICS). Under the impact of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) virtually all properties of the NICS are modified. UVR induces melanin synthesis and immunosuppression, events in which neuropeptides, especially melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and the calcitonin gene-related peptide CGRP, play a role.
Assuntos
Neuroimunomodulação/efeitos da radiação , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Raios Ultravioleta , Peptídeo Relacionado com Gene de Calcitonina/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Tolerância Imunológica/efeitos da radiação , Imunidade Celular/efeitos da radiação , Melaninas/efeitos da radiação , Hormônios Estimuladores de Melanócitos/efeitos da radiação , Fibras Nervosas/efeitos da radiação , Neuropeptídeos/efeitos da radiação , Pele/imunologia , Pele/inervação , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine whether there was a change in innervation in the rat urinary bladder following x-ray irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The urinary bladders were obtained from rats irradiated 6 months previously with single doses of 15 Gy and 25 Gy x-radiation, and from nonirradiated (control) animals. They were examined immunohistochemically to localize neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), met-enkephalin (m-ENK), leu-enkephalin (l-ENK), somatostatin (SOM) and the enzyme, tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH). Computer assisted image analysis was used to assess the density of immunoreactive nerve fibres. RESULTS: The greatest density of nerves observed in the bladder from control animals contained NPY, followed (in decreasing order) by CGRP, VIP, SP and TH. The nerves appeared to run predominantly along the longitudinal axis of the circular and longitudinal muscle fibres. SP-, CGRP-, TH- and occasionally VIP-immunoreactive nerves were observed in the lamina propria, at the base of the urothelium. Perivascular nerves containing neuropeptides and TH were observed throughout the bladder wall. There was an absence of m-ENK-, l-ENK- and SOM-immunoreactive nerves in the control and irradiated rat urinary bladders. In the rat urinary bladder irradiated with 25 Gy x-radiation, there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the density of NPY-, TH- and SP- but not CGRP- and VIP-immunoreactive nerves. There were regional differences within the bladder, that is, there was an increase in VIP-, CGRP- and SP-immunoreactive nerves around and within the urothelium. NPY-immunoreactive nerves were seen in the connective tissue and elastic fibres of the lamina propria for the first time. An increase in the density or fluorescence intensity of perivascular TH- but not neuropeptide-containing nerves was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the density of NPY-, SP- and TH-immunoreactive nerves in the irradiated bladders may be due to axonal sprouting which contributes to the symptoms of radiation injury.
Assuntos
Neuropeptídeos/efeitos da radiação , Bexiga Urinária/inervação , Bexiga Urinária/efeitos da radiação , Animais , Feminino , Neuropeptídeos/análise , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Bexiga Urinária/químicaRESUMO
It is suggested that there exists not only resonance but also interference interaction between laser radiation, millimetric electromagnetic radiation and dissipative systems. A noticeable role here is played by opiate receptors and their ligands determining cytoprotective, stress-limiting, immunomodulating and other effects of EHF therapy.
Assuntos
Micro-Ondas , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Humanos , Micro-Ondas/uso terapêutico , Sistema Nervoso/efeitos da radiação , Neuropeptídeos/efeitos da radiação , Teoria de SistemasRESUMO
Microwave resonance treatment (MRT) of duodenal ulcer leads to normalization of relationships between aggressive and defense ulcerogenesis factors. This combines with activation of reparative regeneration of the ulcer lesion. There appears a tendency to a decline in pepsin and hydrochloric acid secretion in the gastric juice, plasmic gastrin concentrations decrease more noticeably, production of protective glycoproteins of the gastric mucus grows as well as of E 2 prostaglandins and plasmic secretin. Typical changes in the quantities of plasmic bombesin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (lowering) and gastroinhibitory polypeptide (rising) in the MRT course allow prognostication of case-by-case responses. The highest sensitivity to MRT was observed in functional regulatory biochemical systems (neuropeptides, hormones) of the APUD series. Their reaction to MRT served the basis for biochemical typing of the patients and MRT outcome prognostication.
Assuntos
Úlcera Duodenal/radioterapia , Micro-Ondas/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Úlcera Duodenal/metabolismo , Feminino , Gastrinas/metabolismo , Gastrinas/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuropeptídeos/sangue , Neuropeptídeos/efeitos da radiação , Prognóstico , Secretina/metabolismo , Secretina/efeitos da radiação , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Biochemical studies of opiate system in patients with occupational diseases showed the role of the central pain regulating system inducing the pain syndrome in autonomic and sensory polyneuropathy caused by occupational factors. Increased production of the pain-reducing endogenic neuropeptides such as endorphin and leucine enkephalin was found one of the He-Ne laser acting principles which restore the pain adaptation in human. A repeated course of laser therapy would normalize the content of both neuropeptides. Blood levels of neuropeptides may serve for evaluating the pain syndrome and estimating of laser therapy effects.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Terapia a Laser , Neuropeptídeos/efeitos da radiação , Doenças Profissionais/radioterapia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/radioterapia , Humanos , Neuropeptídeos/sangue , Doenças Profissionais/sangue , Doenças Profissionais/complicações , Dor/etiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/sangue , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/complicações , SíndromeRESUMO
The effect of focused high energy microwave treatment (MW) on brain concentrations and molecular forms of substance P, neurokinin A, neuropeptide Y, neurotensin, galanin and calcitonin gene-related peptide was investigated. Groups of rats were treated as follows: 1) MW, storage for 60 min at 22 degrees C, 2) Decapitation, storage for 60 min at 22 degrees C. 3) Decapitation, storage for 60 min at 22 degrees C, MW treatment, 4) MW, decapitation, storage for 2 min at 22 degrees C and 5) Decapitation, storage for 2 min at 22 degrees C. Peptide concentrations were in all instances highest in the MW sacrificed groups. MW increased the concentration of intact peptides by rapid inhibition of peptidase activity and increase in peptide solubility/extractability.