RESUMO
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is characterized as a very common fungal infection that significantly affects women's health worldwide. Essential oils (EOs) are currently being evaluated as an alternative therapy. The development of efficient techniques such as micro- or nanoencapsulation for protecting and controlling release is essential to overcome the limitations of EO applications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and characterize oregano EO-loaded keratin microparticles (OEO-KMPs) as a potential treatment for VVC. OEO-KMPs were produced using high-intensity ultrasonic cycles and characterized in terms of morphological and physicochemical parameters. In vitro evaluation included assessing the toxicity of the OEO-KMPs and their effect against Candida albicans using microdilution and agar diffusion, while the activity against biofilm was quantified using colony forming units (CFU). The efficacy of the OEO-KMPs in an in vivo VVC mouse model was also studied. Female BALB/c mice were intravaginally infected with C. albicans, 24 h postinfection animals were treated intravaginally with 15 µL of OEO-KMPs and 24 h later vaginal fluid was analyzed for C. albicans and Lactobacillus growth (CFU mL-1). The results showed the stability of the OEO-KMPs over time, with high encapsulation efficiency and controlled release. This nanoparticle size facilitated penetration and completely inhibited the planktonic growth of C. albicans. In addition, an in vitro application of 2.5% of the OEO-KMPs eradicated mature C. albicans biofilms while preserving Lactobacillus species. In in vivo, a single intravaginal application of OEO-KMPs induced a reduction in C. albicans growth, while maintaining Lactobacillus species. In conclusion, this therapeutic approach with OEO-KMPs is promising as a potential alternative or complementary therapy for VVC while preserving vaginal microflora.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Candida albicans , Candidíase Vulvovaginal , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Óleos Voláteis , Origanum , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Candidíase Vulvovaginal/tratamento farmacológico , Candidíase Vulvovaginal/microbiologia , Camundongos , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/química , Origanum/química , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , HumanosRESUMO
1. The extensive use of antimicrobials in poultry production may contribute to the emergence of resistant bacteria. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and resistance of different E. coli strains isolated from raw chicken meat and to investigate the possibility to use Lebanese native oregano essential oils as alternatives.2. In total, 250 chickens from Lebanese markets were examined for the presence of E. coli. Isolates were then screened for susceptibility using 19 antibiotics and two essential oils extracted from oregano plants.3. Of the 250 chickens tested, 80% were contaminated with E. coli. Main resistance was seen against amoxycillin, ampicillin, penicillin, tetracycline, tylosin, streptomycin and erythromycin. The highest rate of sensitivity was found in 86.1% of strains to Amoxycillin/Clavulanic acid, 80.09% to Tilmicosin. Both essential oils from Origanum syriacum (98%) and O. ehrenbergii (97.3%) showed promising potential in inhibiting the growth of the tested bacteria. Oil from O. syriacum exhibited superior efficacy against 200 E. coli strains, inhibiting 46.1% at 200 mg/l and all at 400 mg/l, while O. ehrenbergii oil showed slightly lower inhibition, affecting 41.6% at 200 mg/l and all at 400 mg/l.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Galinhas , Escherichia coli , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óleos Voláteis , Origanum , Animais , Galinhas/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Origanum/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/veterinária , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Líbano/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Carne/microbiologia , Carne/análise , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Origanum species have been used in various commercial constructions as a remedy against burns and wounds, agriculture, alcoholic drinks, fragrance, and flavoring substances of food products. The essential oil of Origanum onites L. (EOOO) and its component carvacrol (CV) possesses a wide range of biological activities including anti-cancer activity. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth inhibitory activity of the essential oil and its major component CV and then hepatotoxicity pathway-related genes in HepG2 cells. METHODS: The effects of the EOOO and CV on cell growth and mRNA expressions of 84 hepatotoxicity pathway-related genes were investigated in HepG2, using trypan blue exclusion/ bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation tests and real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) array, respectively. RESULTS: The EOOO and CV inhibited cell growth with IC50 values of 0.08 µg/mL and 45 µg/mL, respectively, after 24 h. Real-time, reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT2-PCR) array analysis revealed that expressions of 32 genes out of 84 were changed at least 2-fold or more in the EOOO-treated cells. Among them, expression levels of 17 genes were elevated, while expression levels of 15 genes were diminished. Furthermore, after exposure of cells to 45 µg/mL of CV, the expression of 8 genes was increased while the other 8 genes were decreased. Both the EOOO and carvacrol affected the expression of 48 genes of HepG2 cells which are involved in the hepatotoxicity pathway, indicating their hepatoprotective and possible anti-hepatocarcinogenic effects. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that the essential oil of Origanum onites and carvacrol can be used in various applications such as anticancer or herbal drugs, since its non-hepatotoxicity.
Assuntos
Cimenos , Monoterpenos , Óleos Voláteis , Origanum , Humanos , Cimenos/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Origanum/química , Células Hep G2 , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This study evaluates the antibacterial effectiveness of Origanum vulgare hydroethanolic extract, both independently and in combination with antibiotics, against Escherichia coli strains associated with avian colibacillosis-a significant concern for the poultry industry due to the rise of antibiotic-resistant E. coli. The urgent demand for new treatments is addressed by analyzing the extract's phytochemical makeup via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), which identified sixteen phenolic compounds. Antibacterial activity was determined through agar diffusion and the measurement of minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC), showing moderate efficacy (MIC: 3.9 to 7.8 mg/mL, MBC: 31.2 to 62.4 mg/mL). Combining the extract with antibiotics like ampicillin and tetracycline amplified antibacterial activity, indicating a synergistic effect and highlighting the importance of combinatory treatments against resistant strains. Further analysis revealed the extract's mechanisms of action include disrupting bacterial cell membrane integrity and inhibiting ATPase/H+ proton pumps, essential for bacterial survival. Moreover, the extract effectively inhibited and eradicated biofilms, crucial for preventing bacterial colonization. Regarding cytotoxicity, the extract showed no hemolytic effect at 1 to 9 mg/mL concentrations. These results suggest Origanum vulgare extract, particularly when used with antibiotics, offers a promising strategy for managing avian colibacillosis, providing both direct antibacterial benefits and moderating antibiotic resistance, thus potentially reducing the economic impact of the disease on the poultry industry.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Biofilmes , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Escherichia coli , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Origanum , Extratos Vegetais , Origanum/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Galinhas , Ampicilina/farmacologia , Tetraciclina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Essential oils show several biological properties, such as antimicrobial activity, but have limitations regarding their availability and stability. To maximize their antimicrobial effect and protection against environmental conditions, Pickering-type emulsions were used to vehiculate oregano essential oil (OEO) using cellulose nanofibers (CNF) as emulsion stabilizer. Enzymatic hydrolysis was used to produce CNF from a food industry waste (cassava peel), obtaining an environmentally sustainable emulsion stabilizer. It was evaluated how the different properties of the nanofibers affected the stability of the emulsions. Furthermore, the composition of the dispersed phase was varied (different ratios of OEO and sunflower oil-SO) in view of the target application in biodegradable active coatings. Even at very low concentration (0.01 % w/w), CNF was able to form kinetically stable emulsions with small droplet sizes using oil mixtures (OEO + SO). The stabilization mechanism was not purely Pickering, as there was a reduction in interfacial tension. Excellent antimicrobial activity was observed against bacteria and the fungus Alternaria alternata, demonstrating the ability to apply these emulsions in active systems such as coatings and films. An improvement in the stability of emulsions was observed when using a mixture of oils, which is extremely advantageous considering costs and stability to heat treatments, since the desired antimicrobial activity is maintained for the final application.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Celulose , Emulsões , Nanofibras , Óleos Voláteis , Origanum , Nanofibras/química , Emulsões/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Celulose/química , Celulose/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Origanum/química , Alternaria/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Using anaesthetics is an important application in aquaculture especially where the fish transportation, vaccination, grading, sorting activities and many other handling operations have been conducted during the different stages of production periods in the farms or hatcheries. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oregano essential oil (OO) as an anaesthetic for Nile tilapia and to determine the optimal concentration and post-application stress effects compared to clove oil (CO). METHODS: Nile tilapia juveniles were exposed to different concentrations of OO (20-40-60-80-100 mg L-1) and CO (50 mg L-1) for different time periods to determine the optimal concentration and exposure time. After the effective concentration of OO was determined, in the second experiment, stress parameters (glucose, plasma cortisol) were analysed after 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h of application. The results compared to the control group and CO results. RESULTS: The study found that OO which has carvacrol compound higher than 78% was an efficient anaesthetic for Nile tilapia, and the effective concentration was found to be 60 mg L-1. No significant differences were found between opercular beats in any concentration of OO and CO. Basal glucose level in blood without anaesthesia application and recorded at 39.33 mg dL-1 and significantly lower than OO and CO at first two sampling points, 0 and 2 h (p < 0.05). According to plasma cortisol level results, although CO experimental group showed secondary stress response at 12 h (17.91 ± 4.21 ng mL-1), OO and CO group cortisol levels decreased at 24 h after anaesthesia application 7.13 ± 0.14and 7.01 ± 0.54 ng mL-1, respectively, below the control group cortisol concentration (12.28 ± 1.81 ng mL-1). CONCLUSIONS: These findings have important implications for the aquaculture industry as the use of OO as an anaesthetic could reduce the stress and mortality associated with traditional anaesthetics. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of OO as an anaesthetic agent for other fish species and to determine the optimal concentration and exposure time for different species.
Assuntos
Anestésicos , Ciclídeos , Óleos Voláteis , Origanum , Estresse Fisiológico , Animais , Ciclídeos/fisiologia , Anestésicos/farmacologia , Anestésicos/administração & dosagem , Origanum/química , Estresse Fisiológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/administração & dosagem , Óleo de Cravo/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Hidrocortisona/sangue , AquiculturaRESUMO
The Lamiaceae family, which includes several well-known aromatic plants, is scientifically relevant due to its essential oils (EOs). In this work, four EOs from Mediterranean species, namely Origanum vulgare L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., and Thymus vulgaris L., were evaluated for their volatile profiles and the biological activity in vitro to assess their potential use in the food and cosmetic sector. GC/MS analysis revealed dominant compounds, such as carvacrol, thymol, and eucalyptol. Regarding biological action, the samples exhibited antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities, with O. vulgare and T. officinalis standing out. T. vulgaris showed the lowest EC50 in the reducing power assay, and O. vulgare had the lowest EC50 in the DPPH assay. Most EOs also displayed excellent anti-inflammatory responses and antifungal properties, with O. vulgare and T. vulgaris also demonstrating antibacterial activity. All EOs from Mediterranean species showed cytotoxicity against tumoral cell lines. Overall, the selected EOs stood out for their interesting bioactivities, with the obtained results underscoring their potential as natural preservatives and bioactive agents in various industrial applications, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Lamiaceae , Óleos Voláteis , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Lamiaceae/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Humanos , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Origanum/química , Salvia officinalis/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Thymus (Planta)/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Plantas Comestíveis/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Timol/farmacologia , Timol/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , CimenosRESUMO
This study utilized phytochemical screening to conduct the qualitative analysis of plant extracts, aiming to identify various classes of secondary metabolites. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of different types of Oregano vulgare and Salvia triloba extracts was determined. To achieve the aim of this study, aqueous, ethanolic, and enzymatic extracts were prepared and screened for phytochemical capacity and antioxidant activities. The determination of the antibacterial activity included phenotypic screening of antibiotic susceptibility pattern of oral and food pathogenic bacterial strains, determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration-via microdilution broth test and in vitro valuation of antibacterial efficacies-of the anti-biofilm properties of the studied herbal extractions. Results: Our study evaluated the phytochemical composition and the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-biofilm properties of O. vulgare and S. triloba extracts. The analyzed samples contained bioactive compounds, such as phenolics and flavonoids, contributing to the observed strong antioxidant effect. Furthermore, they exhibited notable activity against oral biofilm formation and demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy against dental caries' microorganisms as well as food pathogens. Despite methodological variations, all extracts showed significant antioxidant capacity and promising antibacterial activity against various pathogens, including resistant strains, while also inhibiting biofilm formation. Although limited to two plant species and facing methodological constraints, this study lays the groundwork for future research, indicating the therapeutic potential of O. vulgare and S. triloba extracts. Further exploration is needed to report on underlying mechanisms and validate efficacy through clinical trials.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Antioxidantes , Biofilmes , Cárie Dentária , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Origanum , Extratos Vegetais , Salvia , Origanum/química , Salvia/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Cárie Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Flavonoides/químicaRESUMO
Flow cytometry (FCM) provides unique information on bacterial viability and physiology, allowing a real-time early warning antimicrobial and antibiofilm monitoring system for preventing the spread risk of foodborne disease. The present work used a combined culture-based and FCM approach to assess the in vitro efficacy of essential oils (EOs) from condiment plants commonly used in Mediterranean Europe (i.e., thyme EO, oregano EO, basil EO, and lemon EO) against planktonic and sessile cells of food-pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes 56 LY, and contaminant and alterative species Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 13525. Evaluation of the bacterial response to the increasing concentrations of natural compounds posed FCM as a crucial technique for the quantification of the live/dead, and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells when antimicrobial agents exert no real bactericidal action. Furthermore, the FCM results displayed higher numbers of viable bacteria expressed as Active Fluorescent Units (AFUs) with a greater level of repeatability compared with outcomes of the plate-count method. Overall, accurate counting of viable microbial cells is a critically important parameter in food microbiology, and flow cytometry provides an innovative approach with high-throughput potential for applications in the food industry as "flow microbiology".
Assuntos
Biofilmes , Escherichia coli , Citometria de Fluxo , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Listeria monocytogenes , Viabilidade Microbiana , Óleos Voláteis , Pseudomonas fluorescens , Citometria de Fluxo/métodos , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pseudomonas fluorescens/efeitos dos fármacos , Listeria monocytogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Microbiologia de Alimentos/métodos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Thymus (Planta)/química , Origanum/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Citrus/química , Ocimum basilicum/químicaRESUMO
The hazard of diseases created by S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium is relatively high in turkey meat products. Combinations of preservation methods are utilized in many strategies, such as mild heat with decreased water activity, a changed atmosphere, refrigerated storage, and decreased heat treatment with some acidification. Within the domain of ready-to-eat food technology, a range of preservation methods are typically utilized to enhance shelf life, such as applying mild heat in tandem with reduced water activity, employing modified atmosphere packaging, utilizing refrigerated storage, and utilizing reduced heat treatment combined with acidification. This investigation aimed to determine how S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium grew when sliced ready-to-eat smoked turkey (RTE-SM) was stored at 0, 5, 10, and 15°C for various periods. The study also examined the effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) (40% CO2 and 60% N2) and VP on these growth patterns. Total viable count (TVC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), pH, and redox potential levels were determined. The control experiment on RTE-SM showed no Salmonella growth within 30 d of storage at any temperature. This indicated that the RTE-SM in use did not initially contain S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. Results indicated that the storage of RTE-SM using a combination of VP, MAP, and MAPEO with storage at 0 and 5°C did not allow for the pathogen to grow throughout storage. In comparison, at 10 and 15°C after one day, which allowed for minor growth (0.17-0.5 log CFU/g)? In contrast, at 0 and 5°C, Salmonella survives until the end of storage (173 d). However, the combination of MAPEO with the same storage temperatures achieved the elimination of the pathogen in the meat after 80 d. The combination of both packaging systems with high temperatures (10 or 15°C) allowed for the multiplication and growth of the bacterium through the product's shelf life of more than 1 log CFU/g. Thus, a combination of MAP or MAPEO with low storage temperatures (0 or 5°C) inhibited the growth of the pathogen.
Assuntos
Microbiologia de Alimentos , Embalagem de Alimentos , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Óleos Voláteis , Origanum , Salmonella enteritidis , Salmonella typhimurium , Perus , Salmonella enteritidis/fisiologia , Embalagem de Alimentos/métodos , Salmonella typhimurium/fisiologia , Animais , Origanum/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , Temperatura Baixa , Produtos da Carne/microbiologia , Produtos da Carne/análiseRESUMO
Toxoplasmosis poses a global health threat, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe, potentially fatal manifestations, especially in immunocompromised individuals and congenital transmission. Prior research suggests that oregano essential oil (OEO) exhibits diverse biological effects, including antiparasitic activity against Toxoplasma gondii. Given concerns about current treatments, exploring new compounds is important. This study was to assess the toxicity of OEO on BeWo cells and T. gondii tachyzoites, as well as to evaluate its effectiveness in in vitro infection models and determine its direct action on free tachyzoites. OEO toxicity on BeWo cells and T. gondii tachyzoites was assessed by MTT and trypan blue methods, determining cytotoxic concentration (CC50), inhibitory concentration (IC50), and selectivity index (SI). Infection and proliferation indices were analyzed. Direct assessments of the parasite included reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, necrosis, and apoptosis, as well as electron microscopy. Oregano oil exhibited low cytotoxicity on BeWo cells (CC50: 114.8 µg/mL ± 0.01) and reduced parasite viability (IC50 12.5 ± 0.06 µg/mL), demonstrating 9.18 times greater selectivity for parasites than BeWo cells. OEO treatment significantly decreased intracellular proliferation in infected cells by 84% after 24 h with 50 µg/mL. Mechanistic investigations revealed increased ROS levels, mitochondrial depolarization, and lipid droplet formation, linked to autophagy induction and plasma membrane permeabilization. These alterations, observed through electron microscopy, suggested a necrotic process confirmed by propidium iodide labeling. OEO treatment demonstrated anti-T. gondii action through cellular and metabolic change while maintaining low toxicity to trophoblastic cells.
Assuntos
Autofagia , Óleos Voláteis , Origanum , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Toxoplasma , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Toxoplasma/efeitos dos fármacos , Toxoplasma/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Origanum/química , Humanos , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Necrose/tratamento farmacológico , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This study aimed to develop a satisfactory essential oil (EO) nano-emulsion through high pressure microjet technology and explore its physiochemical properties and synergistic coating effects on grass carp fillets. The optimal conditions for oregano/litsea cubeba (6:4, wt%/wt%) nano-emulsion were shown to be 80 s high pressure microjet pretreatment time, 9000 lb per square inch pretreatment pressure, 6 % oil phase, and 3:2 Km (mass ratio of surfactant to co-surfactant). The obtained nano-emulsion exhibited 100.42 ± 0.96 nm oil diameter at 4 °C after 15-day storage, coupled with high stability after centrifugation, freeze-thaw and heating treatment. Compared with untreated samples at day 6 storage, the nano-emulsion-treated grass carp fillets exhibited improved textural properties, higher water-holding capacity (74.23 % ± 0.80 %), lower total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N, 13.46 ± 0.30 mg/100g)/thiobaric acid (TBA,0.43 ± 0.02 mgMDA/100g), and lower total viable spoilage bacteria count (4.98 ± 0.21 lgCFU/g). This study facilitates understanding the combined EOs nano-emulsion on improving the shelf life of grass carp fillets.
Assuntos
Carpas , Emulsões , Conservação de Alimentos , Óleos Voláteis , Animais , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Emulsões/química , Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , Conservação de Alimentos/instrumentação , Alimentos Marinhos/análise , Alimentos Marinhos/microbiologia , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Origanum/química , Tamanho da PartículaRESUMO
Green manure (GM) may reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, been an ecologically appropriate strategy to cultivation of medicinal plants. Crotalaria juncea, is one of the most used because it adapts to different climatic and high nitrogen content. Origanum vulgare. is widely used in cooking, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industries and food products. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the GM on biomass, essential oil (EO), phenolic and antioxidant. The experiment consisted: control; 150, 300, 450, and 600 g (Sh= leaves+steam) more 200 g roots (R); 600 g aerial part; 200 g roots; and soil with 300 g cattle manure per pot. The highest dry weights were observed in the presence of GM and cattle manure (90 days). The control had an EO production 75% lower in relation to the dose of 450 g GM (Sh+R). Principal component analysis showed that GM and cattle manure positively influenced the dry weight, content, yield, and EO constituents, and total flavonoids. The GM contributed to the accumulation of the major EO compounds (trans-sabinene hydrate, thymol, terpinen-4-ol). The GM management may be beneficial for cultivating, because it can increase the production of biomass and the active components, in addition to being an inexpensive resource.
Assuntos
Crotalaria , Óleos Voláteis , Origanum , Bovinos , Animais , Óleos Voláteis/química , Origanum/química , Esterco , Biomassa , Compostos FitoquímicosRESUMO
In this study, the effect of oregano essential oil loaded in zein-pectin-chitosan (Zein-PC-CS-OEO) nanoparticles on the quality of Harbin red sausage during storage was examined. Zein-PC-CS-OEO nanoparticles exhibit the better encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant and antibacterial properties than these of other prepared nanoparticles, which were subsequently incorporated into Harbin red sausage with different concentrations. The physicochemical properties, bacterial community structure, and flavor characteristics of the Harbin red sausage were determined. Both thiobarbituric acid values and the growth of dominant spoilage bacteria in Harbin red sausage are inhibited by Zein-PC-CS-OEO nanoparticles, while the total aerobic bacteria count is reduced. These results indicate that the storage quality of Harbin red sausage is improved by Zein-PC-CS-OEO nanoparticles. It is worth noting that the shelf life of Harbin red sausage supplemented with 0.1 % Zein-PC-CS-OEO nanoparticles is extended to 9 d, and the flavor characteristics of which are better maintained. This study provides a new approach to extend the application of essential oil and improve the storage quality of Harbin red sausage.
Assuntos
Quitosana , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Produtos da Carne , Nanopartículas , Óleos Voláteis , Origanum , Pectinas , Zeína , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Zeína/química , Quitosana/química , Origanum/química , Nanopartículas/química , Produtos da Carne/microbiologia , Produtos da Carne/análise , Pectinas/química , Armazenamento de Alimentos/métodos , Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/químicaRESUMO
This work aimed to synthesize oregano essential oil/ß-cyclodextrin microcapsules (OEO/ß-CDs) and then prepare gelatin-based controlled-release antibacterial films with different OEO/ß-CDs contents (0%-2%) for chilling preservation of grass carp fillets. The results of FTIR, XRD, DSC and accelerated release ratio showed that OEO was successfully encapsulated in OEO/ß-CDs and its thermal stability was effectively improved. Moreover, at 2% of addition amount of OEO/ß-CDs, the tensile strength of the films increased from 14.43 MPa to 18.72 MPa. In addition, the films showed significant antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas (61.52%), Aeromonas (62.87%), and Shewanella putrefaciens (66.67%). Preservation experiments showed that the films effectively prevented the increase of TVB-N, and TBA value of the refrigerated fillets and significantly suppressed the growth of spoilage organisms, thus extending the shelf life by 2-3 days. Therefore, the synthesized film has promising potential as an active packaging material for the preservation of grass carp.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Cápsulas , Carpas , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Conservação de Alimentos , Gelatina , Óleos Voláteis , Origanum , beta-Ciclodextrinas , Animais , Carpas/microbiologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Gelatina/química , Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Origanum/química , Cápsulas/química , Preparações de Ação Retardada/química , Preparações de Ação Retardada/farmacologia , beta-Ciclodextrinas/química , Embalagem de Alimentos/instrumentação , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Temperatura BaixaRESUMO
Toxicity caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) can lead to serious liver injury. The aim of the study is to investigate the protective effects of oregano oil (Origanum minutiflorum extract oil) against CCl4-induced liver injury. Two doses of oregano oil were used in the experiment: a low dose (LD; 20 mg/kg) and a high dose (HD; 60 mg/kg) during 2 weeks. CCl4 caused severe liver damage, nucleolus destruction in hepatocytes and cytogenetic changes in the nucleus. Indirectly, CCl4 causes decreased protein synthesis and significantly high creatinine and urea values. Hematological disorders have been recorded, such as decreased RBC and hemoglobin concentration, increased WBC and deformability of the erythrocyte membrane. Both doses of oregano oil had protective effects. Improved protein synthesis and high globulins level, creatinine and urea were found in both groups. Cytogenetic changes in the nucleus of hepatocytes were reduced. A high dose of oregano oil had maximal protective effects for RBC, but a very weak effect on hemoglobin synthesis. Also, WBC and lymphocyte values were low. Origanum stimulates protein synthesis and recovery of hepatocytes after liver injury, reduces the deformability of the erythrocyte membrane. High doses of oregano oil decreased WBC and lymphocytes which may lead to a weakening of the immune response. However, high doses are more effective against severe platelet aggregation than low doses, suggesting an effective treatment against thrombocytosis.
Assuntos
Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas , Origanum , Animais , Ratos , Tetracloreto de Carbono/toxicidade , Creatinina , Ureia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/tratamento farmacológico , HemoglobinasRESUMO
Artificial insemination is a widely adopted method in livestock production for various reasons such as health security and genetic improvement. Although sperm motility is of paramount importance in this technique as it directly influences the sperm's ability to fertilize the oocyte. In previous research on human sperm, we observed that in vitro supplementation with Origanum Vulgare essential oil significantly improved sperm motility and antioxidant activities, all without negatively affecting the integrity of their DNA. Based on these promising results, we considered it crucial to explore the potential effects of supplementation with this essential oil on sperm of other species. In this study, we studied the effects of oregano essential oil supplementation on sperm motility of (bulls = 15) (dogs = 15) and (rabbits = 9) and the changes that in vitro incubation with this oil could induce on sub-motile sperm populations of different species. The results of the study showed that in vitro oregano essential oil supplementation had a significant impact on sperm motility in the three species studied. This improvement in sperm motility was accompanied by an increase in the proportion of subpopulations with high velocity and progressivity: an increase of (2.16%, 10% and 4.84%) for subpopulation 1, (6.50%, 5.5% and 3.17%) for subpopulation 4 in bulls, dogs and rabbits respectively. While the subpopulations representing low motile and non-progressive sperm have decreased. These results suggest that the use of oregano essential oil can be a beneficial approach to improve sperm motility in different species, which can have important implications for the success of artificial insemination.
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis , Origanum , Humanos , Masculino , Coelhos , Animais , Bovinos , Cães , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Sementes , Espermatozoides , Suplementos NutricionaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bacterial endophytic communities associated with medicinal plants synthesize a plethora of bioactive compounds with biological activities. Their easy isolation and growth procedures make bacterial endophytes an untapped source of novel drugs, which might help to face the problem of antimicrobial resistance. This study investigates the antagonistic potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from different compartments of the medicinal plant O. heracleoticum against human opportunistic pathogens. METHODS: A panel of endophytes was employed in cross-streaking tests against multidrug-resistant human pathogens, followed by high-resolution chemical profiling using headspace-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Endophytic bacteria exhibited the ability to antagonize the growth of opportunistic pathogens belonging to the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc). The different inhibition patterns observed were related to their taxonomic attribution at the genus level; most active strains belong to the Gram-positive genera Bacillus, Arthrobacter, and Pseudarthrobacter. Bcc strains of clinical origin were more sensitive than environmental strains. Cross-streaking tests against other 36 human multidrug-resistant pathogens revealed the highest antimicrobial activity towards the Coagulase-negative staphylococci and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Interestingly, strains of human origin were the most inhibited, in both groups. Concerning the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the strain Arthrobacter sp. OHL24 was the best producer of such compounds, while two Priestia strains were good ketones producers and so could be considered for further biotechnological applications. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this study highlights the diverse antagonistic activities of O. heracleoticum-associated endophytes against both Bcc and multidrug-resistant (MDR) human pathogens. These findings hold important implications for investigating bacterial endophytes of medicinal plants as new sources of antimicrobial compounds.
Assuntos
Origanum , Plantas Medicinais , Humanos , Endófitos/química , Bactérias , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/químicaRESUMO
Candida albicans, a polymorphic yeast, is a physiological component of the human and animal commensal microbiome. It is an etiological factor of candidiasis, which is treated by azole antifungals. Growing resistance to azoles is a reason to look for other alternative treatment options. The pharmacotherapeutic use of plant extracts and essential oils has become increasingly important. In our experiment, C. albicans showed susceptibility to four observed plant extracts and essential oils from peppermint ( Mentha piperita), thyme ( Thymus vulgaris), sage ( Salvia officinalis), and oregano ( Origanum vulgare). Oregano plant extract and essential oil showed the highest antifungal activity, at MIC values of 4.9 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL respectively. Therefore, it was subjected to further research on the influence of virulence factors - biofilm formation, extracellular phospholipase production and germ tube formation. Oregano plant extract and essential oil showed an inhibitory effect on the observed C. albicans virulence factors at relatively low concentrations. The extract inhibited the adherence of cells at MIC 12.5 mg/mL and essential oil at MIC 0.25 mg/mL. Degradation of the formed biofilm was detected at MIC 14.1 mg/mL for plant extract and at MIC 0.4 mg/mL for essential oil. Extracellular phospholipase production was most effectively inhibited by the essential oil. In particular, the number of isolates with intensive extracellular phospholipase production decreased significantly. Of the 12 isolates intensively producing extracellular phospholipase, only 1 isolate (4.5%) retained intense production. Essential oil caused up to a 100 % reduction in germ tubes formation and plant extract reduced their formation depending on the concentration as follows: 2.6% (0.8 mg/mL), 21.2 % (6.25 mg/mL), and 64.5 % (12.5 mg/mL) compared to the control.
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis , Origanum , Humanos , Animais , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Candida albicans , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Fatores de Virulência , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/veterinária , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Fosfolipases/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologiaRESUMO
The present study evaluated the effect of two categories of feed additives on chicken performance through immunological and intestinal histo-morphometric measurements. A total of 150 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb) were randomly assigned to three groups. Group I received a non-supplemented basal diet. While groups II and III were treated with a basal diet supplemented with oregano essential oil (OEO) and Bacillus subtilis, respectively, in water for 28 days. Blood samples were taken at 6, 18 and 28 days for hematological analysis, phagocytosis, lymphocyte proliferation and measuring antibody responses. Additionally, growth performance indices were recorded weekly. The results showed that groups supplemented with OEO and B. subtilis improved growth performance expressed by a significant increase in weight gain (P < 0.05), with a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in feed conversion ratio (FCR). Hematological findings indicated a significant increase in blood parameters as well as a significant increase in phagocytic % & phagocytic index at all time points with a greater probiotic effect. On the other hand, OEO produced a significant increase in lymphocyte proliferation at 18 & 28 days. Humoral immunity revealed a significant increase in serum antibody titer phytobiotic & probiotic-fed groups at time points of 18 & 28 days with a superior phytobiotic effect. The histological examination showed a significant increase in villi length, villi width, crypt depth & V/C ratio. In conclusion, these results indicated positive effects of B. subtilis & OEO on both growth and immunity and could be considered effective alternatives to the antibiotic.