RESUMO
Stridulation is used by male katydids to produce sound via the rubbing together of their specialised forewings, either by sustained or interrupted sweeps of the file producing different tones and call structures. There are many species of Orthoptera that remain undescribed and their acoustic signals are unknown. This study aims to measure and quantify the mechanics of wing vibration, sound production and acoustic properties of the hearing system in a new genus of Pseudophyllinae with taxonomic descriptions of two new species. The calling behaviour and wing mechanics of males were measured using micro-scanning laser Doppler vibrometry, microscopy, and ultrasound sensitive equipment. The resonant properties of the acoustic pinnae of the ears were obtained via µ-CT scanning and 3D printed experimentation, and numerical modelling was used to validate the results. Analysis of sound recordings and wing vibrations revealed that the stridulatory areas of the right tegmen exhibit relatively narrow frequency responses and produce narrowband calls between 12 and 20 kHz. As in most Pseudophyllinae, only the right mirror is activated for sound production. The acoustic pinnae of all species were found to provide a broadband increased acoustic gain from ~40-120 kHz by up to 25 dB, peaking at almost 90 kHz which coincides with the echolocation frequency of sympatric bats. The new genus, named Satizabalus n. gen., is here derived as a new polytypic genus from the existing genus Gnathoclita, based on morphological and acoustic evidence from one described (S. sodalis n. comb.) and two new species (S. jorgevargasi n. sp. and S. hauca n. sp.). Unlike most Tettigoniidae, Satizabalus exhibits a particular form of sexual dimorphism whereby the heads and mandibles of the males are greatly enlarged compared to the females. We suggest that Satizabalus is related to the genus Trichotettix, also found in cloud forests in Colombia, and not to Gnathoclita.
Assuntos
Ortópteros , Asas de Animais , Animais , Masculino , Asas de Animais/fisiologia , Asas de Animais/anatomia & histologia , Colômbia , Ortópteros/fisiologia , Ortópteros/anatomia & histologia , Comunicação Animal , Florestas , Vocalização Animal/fisiologia , Acústica , Feminino , VibraçãoRESUMO
A remarkable characteristic of katydids (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) is the elongated ovipositor, which is associated with oviposition behavior. The high degree of complexity of both sclerites and muscles arrangement of the ovipositor, is only similar to the ovipositor of Hymenoptera. Here we describe the morphology of the ovipositor within Tettigoniidae, and add descriptions of known oviposition behavior. Fifteen skeletal structures can be recognized, of these, three pairs of muscles are new while nine pairs were already described in the literature. The new muscles are ap2vf, anterior projection of second valvifer; bcov, blade complex of the ovipositor; and dbl, dorsal blade. The morphology of the ovipositor blade complex (bcov), the shape of the first valvifer (1vf), posterior intervalvular sclerite (piv), tergite IX (T9), anterior projection of the second valvifer (ap2vf), and the second valvifer (2vf), and their related muscles affect oviposition in Tettigoniidae. This contribution helps to understand katydid's oviposition behavior. Additionally, the new descriptions help in the search for new characters in Tettigoniidae.
Assuntos
Ortópteros , Feminino , Animais , Ortópteros/anatomia & histologia , Oviposição , Insetos , Evolução Biológica , MúsculosRESUMO
Some new findings of the family Pamphagidae obtained in the field trips carried out in Turkey are presented. New distributional, morphological, and zoogeographical information are given for the recorded 15 species and subspecies. A new species Nocaracris nebulosa Ünal, sp. nov. and the unknown male of Nocaracris tauricola Ramme, 1951 are described.
Assuntos
Lepidópteros , Ortópteros , Masculino , Animais , Ortópteros/anatomia & histologia , Turquia , Distribuição AnimalRESUMO
This paper describes a new species of the genus Burmadactylus Heads, 2009 (Tridactylidae: Dentridactylinae) from Burmese amber, namely: Burmadactylus tenuicerci sp. nov. This new species is similar to Burmadactylus grimaldi Heads, 2009, but differs from latter by mesotibia basally inflated and almost as long as mesofemur; the second segment of cercus distinctly slender; paraproctal lobe covered with sparse and slender setae, one of the setae near the apex distinct thick and long.
Assuntos
Fósseis , Ortópteros , Animais , Âmbar , Fósseis/anatomia & histologia , Mianmar , Ortópteros/anatomia & histologia , Ortópteros/classificação , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Based on the former studies and new material, Anelytra (Euanelytra) eunigrifrons Ingrisch, 1998 is reported in China for the first time. In addition, the female sex of Anelytra (Euanelytra) spinia Shi & Qiu, 2009 is described. We also confirmed that Anelytra (Euanelytra) spinia Shi & Qiu, 2009 is mainly distributed in Southern China. The examined specimens are deposited in Guangxi Normal University.
Assuntos
Ortópteros , Animais , Feminino , Distribuição Animal , Estruturas Animais/anatomia & histologia , China , Ortópteros/anatomia & histologia , Ortópteros/genéticaRESUMO
Acoustic communication has played a key role in the evolution of a wide variety of vertebrates and insects. However, the reconstruction of ancient acoustic signals is challenging due to the extreme rarity of fossilized organs. Here, we report the earliest tympanal ears and sound-producing system (stridulatory apparatus) found in exceptionally preserved Mesozoic katydids. We present a database of the stridulatory apparatus and wing morphology of Mesozoic katydids and further calculate their probable singing frequencies and analyze the evolution of their acoustic communication. Our suite of analyses demonstrates that katydids evolved complex acoustic communication including mating signals, intermale communication, and directional hearing, at least by the Middle Jurassic. Additionally, katydids evolved a high diversity of singing frequencies including high-frequency musical calls, accompanied by acoustic niche partitioning at least by the Late Triassic, suggesting that acoustic communication might have been an important driver in the early radiation of these insects. The Early-Middle Jurassic katydid transition from Haglidae- to Prophalangopsidae-dominated faunas coincided with the diversification of derived mammalian clades and improvement of hearing in early mammals, supporting the hypothesis of the acoustic coevolution of mammals and katydids. Our findings not only highlight the ecological significance of insects in the Mesozoic soundscape but also contribute to our understanding of how acoustic communication has influenced animal evolution.
Assuntos
Ortópteros , Animais , Ortópteros/anatomia & histologia , Acústica , Som , Audição , Insetos , Mamíferos , Evolução BiológicaRESUMO
This study provides description of one new species, Apterolarnaca (Bianigryllacris) spiculoproceris sp. nov. (Chinese name: ), from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The morphological photographs of Apterolarnaca (Apterolarnaca) huanglianensis Bian Lu, 2021 from Menghai, Yunnan Province are provided and the female sex is described for the first time. The newly founded female is similar to Apterolarnaca (Bianigryllacris) bilobus (Guo Shi, 2012) in basal area of ventral valvulae with a pair of digitate sclerites, which is proved that reducing the status of Bianigryllacris Cadena-Castaeda, 2019 to subgeneric level under Apterolarnaca Gorochov, 2004 is reasonable. All the specimens are deposited in Guangxi Normal University.
Assuntos
Ortópteros , Distribuição Animal , Estruturas Animais/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Tamanho Corporal , China , Feminino , Humanos , Tamanho do Órgão , Ortópteros/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
Seven new species and the female sex of Rhaphidophora xishuang Gorochov, 2012 of the rhaphidophorines are described from China. The images illustrating the morphology of the two known species are provided. Meanwhile, the complete mitogenome of Rhaphidophora quadrispina was assembled. The mitogenome was 15892 bp in length and contained the typical gene arrangement. All examined specimens are deposited in the Guangxi Normal University.
Assuntos
Araceae , Genoma Mitocondrial , Ortópteros , Distribuição Animal , Estruturas Animais , Animais , Araceae/genética , Tamanho Corporal , China , Feminino , Humanos , Tamanho do Órgão , Ortópteros/anatomia & histologia , Ortópteros/genéticaRESUMO
In the mate finding system of bush-crickets, acoustical signals play a central role. Here we review and describe the bioacoustics of Hetrodini, a morphologically uniform group of Tettigonioidea with a distribution centered in Africa. The male calling songs are produced by tegmino-tegminal stridulation. In all species, these fore wings are completely covered by the pronotum (invisible in intact specimens) and lack the glossy mirror cells which are well-known from many other singing Ensifera. Concerning spectral composition, the broad frequency peak and the parts with the most energy lie in the high audio or low ultrasonic range. In amplitude modulation, the songs are relatively simply structured and contain only one type of syllables each. These syllables consist of heavily dampened impulses (non-resonant song) and are arranged in long series of echemes (chirps) or trills. As far as it is known, syntopic species differ in syllable and/or echeme repetition rates. In contrast to the uniform morphology, the karyotypes are surprisingly diverse with chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 29 to 17 and one of two sex determination systems: X0 and neo-XY. In our opinion, taxonomically the group is at the moment at best considered as a tribe incertae sedis (without subfamily classification) within Tettigoniidae (not Tettigoniinae sensu OSF).
Assuntos
Gryllidae , Ortópteros , Animais , Masculino , Ortópteros/anatomia & histologia , Reprodução , Asas de Animais/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
In this paper, we report one new species, viz. Ocellarnaca longilobulata sp. nov. (Chinese name: ), and provide the descriptions of tegminal veins and morphological illustrations of Ocellarnaca fuscotessellata (Karny, 1926) (Chinese name: ) and Ocellarnaca furcifera (Karny, 1926) (Chinese name: ). All the specimens are deposited in Guangxi Normal University.
Assuntos
Ortópteros , Distribuição Animal , Estruturas Animais , Animais , Tamanho Corporal , China , Humanos , Tamanho do Órgão , Ortópteros/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
By combining different research disciplines, biologists can understand natural processes in a broader way. Here, we combine both taxonomic and bioacoustic methodologies to provide the first observations of the morphology, geographical distribution, and the acoustic behavior of the monotypic genus Andeophylloides n. gen. This katydid is the second short-winged genus of the tribe Platyphyllini, after Brachyplatyphylloides, both of which are found in the Colombian Andes. This new genus is unique, because it is the first to be collected in a High Andean Forest, in contrast to the other members of the tribe that have been found predominantly at lower elevations. The sound recordings showed males calling with an echeme duration in average of 5.9 ± 3.1 s, a peak frequency of 22.5 kHz, and peak activity starting at 19:00 and decreasing until 05:00. These calls occur mainly in the months of the first rainy season of the year (March to May). Andeophylloides zarauzensis n. sp., is the sixth species of platyphyllines which calling song is known. Additionally, we discuss the taxonomy, bioacoustics, and differentiate the species with Dasyscelidius atrifrons (Pleminiini). This is required as the females are superficially similar and both species share the same geographical distribution.
Assuntos
Ortópteros , Masculino , Feminino , Animais , Ortópteros/anatomia & histologia , Colômbia , Comunicação Animal , Acústica , Distribuição AnimalRESUMO
A high portion of the earliest known insect fauna is composed of the so-called 'lobeattid insects', whose systematic affinities and role as foliage feeders remain debated. We investigated hundreds of samples of a new lobeattid species from the Xiaheyan locality using a combination of photographic techniques, including reflectance transforming imaging, geometric morphometrics, and biomechanics to document its morphology, and infer its phylogenetic position and ecological role. Ctenoptilus frequens sp. nov. possessed a sword-shaped ovipositor with valves interlocked by two ball-and-socket mechanisms, lacked jumping hind-legs, and certain wing venation features. This combination of characters unambiguously supports lobeattids as stem relatives of all living Orthoptera (crickets, grasshoppers, katydids). Given the herein presented and other remains, it follows that this group experienced an early diversification and, additionally, occurred in high individual numbers. The ovipositor shape indicates that ground was the preferred substrate for eggs. Visible mouthparts made it possible to assess the efficiency of the mandibular food uptake system in comparison to a wide array of extant species. The new species was likely omnivorous which explains the paucity of external damage on contemporaneous plant foliage.
Assuntos
Fósseis/anatomia & histologia , Ortópteros/classificação , Oviposição , Animais , China , Ortópteros/anatomia & histologia , Ortópteros/fisiologia , FilogeniaRESUMO
Anaulacomera currently contains 147 valid species, of those 50 are recorded from Brazil. The genus is further divided into six subgenera, which can be distinguished on characteristics of the male terminalia. A new Brazilian species is presently proposed, Anaulacomera (Anallomes) curvata sp. nov., based on three males and one female collected at Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro State. It can be distinguished from all other species because of the pair of cerciform projections of the tenth male abdominal tergite and a combination of shape and size of the male cerci.
Assuntos
Ortópteros/classificação , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Masculino , Ortópteros/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
In this paper, we described an example of gynandromorphy in a katydid, Ducetia japonica. Its color is brown, while normal individuals are green. Its left maxilla is smaller, and left maxillary palpus is shorter. Left forewing as male is shorter than right one as female. Hindwing is also shorter in left. Cercus, epiproct and subgenital plate are left in male and right in female.
Assuntos
Ortópteros/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
Herein one new species of Apterolarnaca is reported from Southwest China, Yunnan. The morphological features are described, and provided with colored charts of classification features. Up to now, the number of the genus reach four for Chinese fauna. The hootype is deposited in the Museum of Guangxi Normal University.
Assuntos
Ortópteros/classificação , Animais , China , Ortópteros/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
Two new species of the genus are described from Zhejiang, China in this paper. The new species Criotettix jinningensis sp. nov. is similar to Criotettix strivertexoides Zheng, Wei Li, 2009, but differs in width of vertex narrower than diameter of eye; pronotum shorter, not reaching the end of hind tibiae; width of fore wing 1.3 times width of mid leg femur and hind wing not reaching the end of pronotum. The new species Criotettix pananensis sp. nov. is similar to Criotettix transpi-noides Zheng, Bai Xu, 2012, it differs from latter by width of vertex narrower than diameter of eye; pronotum with parallel lateral keels and without a pair short longitudinal keels between shoulders; hind femur without projection in upper keel and hind wing extending over the end of pronotum. The type specimens are deposited in the College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
Assuntos
Ortópteros/anatomia & histologia , Ortópteros/classificação , Estruturas Animais , Animais , ChinaRESUMO
The genus Yalvaciana Ciplak et.al (2002) is reported for the first time from India represented by a new species. Previously the genus comprised a single species, Yalvaciana yalvaci Demirsoy, (1974). Brief information about morphology, distribution and key to species are given. The Holotype has been deposited in the Museum of Zoology Department, AMU (ZDAMU).
Assuntos
Ortópteros/classificação , Distribuição Animal , Animais , Índia , Ortópteros/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
Karny (1912) proposed the tribe Copiphorini within the subfamily Conocephalinae, family Tettigoniidae. Copiphorini is one of the four tribes of Conocephalinae. The members of this tribe are characterized by slanting head shape and notched frons. The specimens for this study were collected in different regions of the Kashmir valley in the year 2020. A brief morphological description of the genus and new species is given. Also, a key to Indian species is provided. The type specimen has been deposited in the Museum of Zoology Department AMU.
Assuntos
Ortópteros/anatomia & histologia , Ortópteros/classificação , Animais , ÍndiaRESUMO
Parapteronemobius contains 7 species or subspecies distributed in East Asia with only one species recorded from China. In this study, we reported the second species, P. chenggong He sp. nov., from Zhejiang. The new species differs from P. dibrachiatus in body size, male genitalia and COI gene. The phylogeny of this genus in subfamily Nemobiinae are discussed based on COI, 18S and 28S genes. The type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).
Assuntos
Ortópteros/classificação , Animais , Tamanho Corporal , China , Genes Mitocondriais , Genitália Masculina , Masculino , Ortópteros/anatomia & histologia , RNA Ribossômico 18S , RNA Ribossômico 28SRESUMO
A new genus (Arboramima Zong, Qin He gen. nov.) with a new species (Arboramima cattusis Zong, Qin He sp. nov.) is reported from Guangxi, China. The morphology of the new genus and species are provided. Samples of Aemodogryllinae species were selected for the reconstruction of phylogenetic tree based on mitochondrial COI fragment. The results supported the validation of the new genus. The type specimens are deposited in Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).