Nongenital human papillomavirus disease.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common viral cause of cancer, and is responsible for 5% of cancers worldwide. Following demonstration of the causative link between HPV and cervical cancer, HPV has been shown to be associated with several anogenital malignancies and with oral pharyngeal cancers. HPV-related anal and oral pharyngeal disease is rising in incidence and includes anal warts and neoplasia, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, and oral pharyngeal neoplasia. This article presents an overview of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of nongenital HPV-related disease.

Congenital cutaneous fibropapillomatosis with no evidence of papillomavirus infection in a piglet.

Multiple yellowish-white, cauliflower-like mass lesions on the skin of the head and back in a 4-month-old piglet were pathologically examined. These lesions had developed before the weaning period. Histologically, the cutaneous neoplasms were characterized by papillary outgrowth of connective tissue covered by thick epidermis. Hyperplasia of the epidermis was corresponded with proliferation of capillaries, lympho-plasmacytic infiltration, and proliferation of fibroblasts in the dermal stroma. There were no inclusion bodies and significant degeneration in the keratinocytes. Papillomavirus antigen and DNA were not detected in these lesions by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Accordingly, the fibropapillomatosis of the present case might be hamartomatous rather than infectious.

Inspiratory pressure threshold training for glottal airway limitation in laryngeal papilloma.

A single-subject design was used to determine if inspiratory pressure threshold training increases inspiratory muscle strength and reduces the sensation of dyspnea during exercise and speech. The subject was a 23-year-old female with congenital juvenile papilloma which has been in remission for 10 years. A 4-week inspiratory muscle training program was implemented using an inspiratory pressure threshold trainer. The pressure threshold of the trainer was set by the experimenter. The pressure threshold setting of the trainer was based on a percentage of the subject's maximum inspiratory pressure measured prior to training. The average range of the pressure threshold was 40 to 70 cmH2O. In order for inspiratory air to flow, the subject generated inspiratory pressure, independent of airflow rate. Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) was the dependent variable used as the index of inspiratory muscle strength. Exercise dyspnea was a dependent variable rated by the subject during a progressive treadmill test. Dyspnea associated with speech was rated following production of a comfortable and loud speech task. MIP increased by 57% following the training program with a 2-scale point reduction in the perception of dyspnea during exercise. Dyspnea during loud speech decreased from moderate to mild. The changes in dyspnea, both during exercise and speech, are directly related to inspiratory muscle strengthening. The results suggest that inspiratory muscle training may improve respiratory related function in patients with restrictive upper airway disorders.

Congenital fibropapillomatosis in a piglet.

We report a case of congenital fibropapillomatosis in the head and neck of a piglet from a swine breeding farm where sporadic cutaneous papillomas of the prepuce and scrotum had previously occurred in several boars. Histologically, the tumor consisted of multiple exophytic, papillary projections composed of branching, densely cellular, fibrovascular stalks covered by hyperplastic keratizing squamous epithelium. Ultrastructural examination failed to reveal viral particles. Cutaneous papillomatosis is rare in swine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report of congenital fibropapillomatosis in pigs.

[Congenital juvenile respiratory papillomatosis of the larynx]. / Vrozhdennyi iuvenil'nyi respiratornyi papillomatoz gortani.

The data obtained by foreign and national investigators on pathogenesis of congenital juvenile papillomatosis allow to confirm the existence of a congenital form of juvenile respiratory papillomatosis of the larynx.

Xeroderma pigmentoso / Xeroderma pigmentosum

O xeroderma pigmentoso é uma doença descrita primeiramente por Kaposi, em 1870. Se inicia na infância e progride determinando lesöes pre-malignas e malignas que geralmente levam os indivíduos acometidos ao óbito no início da idade adulta

[Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cerebral tumors. Apropos of 3 cases]. / Diagnostic anténatal des tumeurs cérébrales congénitales. A propos de 3 observations.

BACKGROUND: The prognosis for congenital brain tumors is usually poor, so that their management during pregnancy is difficult. CASES REPORTS: Case 1. A large cystic mass was revealed by ultrasound at the 37th week of pregnancy; it was located near the brain stem and was associated with ventricular dilation. The newborn was delivered by cesarean section because of an abnormally enlarged head. The CT scan confirmed the presence of this mass containing a fluid that was found to be normal after needle aspiration. Surgical shunting of excess fluid was ineffective, and progressive deterioration prevented further exploration and/or treatment. The child is still living, confined to his bed, at the age of 5 years. Case 2. Ultrasonography at the 30th week of pregnancy showed a tumor located near the brain stem with dilation of the entire ventricular system. Post mortem examination after abortion revealed a capillary and cavernous hemangioma. Case 3. Ultrasonography at the 34th week of pregnancy showed dilation of the ventricular system. As a result, birth was induced. CT scan and MRI of the newborn showed a mixed, solid and liquid, mass in the posterior fossa. Post mortem examination showed a papilloma of the choroid plexus. CONCLUSION: These rare congenital tumors are usually revealed by ultrasonography showing ventricular dilation. Advances in imaging techniques, especially MRI of fetal brain, should help in the management of such tumors.

Congenital choroid plexus papilloma of the fourth ventricle.

A newborn infant with marked hydrocephalus had a large papilloma of the choroid plexus originating in the fourth ventricle and infiltrating the brain stem. The computed tomographic (CT) scan appearance was distinctive, showing vascularity and marked enhancement with contrast medium. Histological confirmation was made from several surgical sites. Total removal of the tumor was not possible. Review of congenital choroid plexus brain tumors reveals the location of this child's tumor in the fourth ventricle to be uncommon.

Choroid plexus papilloma in early infants.

Four infants with choroid plexus papillomas which were successfully treated with surgery are described. All patients showed the clinical signs of increased intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus within 8 weeks after birth. The tumors were in the lateral ventricles and histologically three of them were benign papillomas and other one was a malignant papilloma. Computerized tomography scan was useful for the diagnosis of both of the tumor and the hydrocephalus that was caused by the overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid and/or the obstruction of it's pathway. The tumor stain on the angiograms was noticed in two patients. Three patients have grown normally in both physical and mental functions after the surgical treatment, whereas one showed psychomotor retardation because of poorly controlled hydrocephalus.

Multiple squamous papillomas of the esophagus associated with Goltz syndrome.

A 30-yr-old white female with a history of focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz syndrome), chronic gastroesophageal reflux, and dysphagia was found to have, by barium esophagram and esophagogastroduodenoscopy, multiple 2- to 3-mm papillary projections in the distal esophagus and an esophageal stricture. Biopsy of these lesions revealed squamous papillomas and a benign stricture. Although chronic irritation from gastroesophageal reflux has been suggested as a possible etiology of acquired esophageal papillomas, the previous association of congenital papillomas of the oral mucosa in Goltz syndrome suggests that the multiple papillomas in this patient are congenital in origin.

[Sonographic detection of brain tumors in infancy]. / Sonographischer Nachweis von Hirntumoren im Säuglingsalter.

Using the open fontanelle as an acoustic window brain tumours were diagnosed by gray scale ultrasonography in 3 infants aged 1 day to 5 months. The tumours were characterized by their echo dense structure and their good delimination from the surrounding brain. In 2 children the tumour was localized infratentorially (medulloblastoma and unclassified neuroectodermal tumour) and had caused an occlusive hydrocephalus. Both children died aged 3 and 5 months in central nervous dysregulation. One child suffered from plexus papilloma which had caused a hypersecretory hydrocephalus. After resection of the tumour the hydrocephalus decreased without any further treatment. Comparison with axial computed tomography and autopsy findings showed, that gray scale ultrasonography is equally efficient in diagnosing brain tumours and associated hydrocephalus.

Cutaneous bronchogenic cyst with papilloma and sinus presentation.

The thirty-eighth case of bronchogenic cyst in the skin is reported in a 5-year-old boy. This is the first case report of cutaneous bronchogenic cyst presenting as a distinct, pedunculated growth with a sinus tract at the base. Embryogenesis, differential diagnosis, and treatment are discussed.

Congenital choroid plexus papilloma: light and electron microscopic study of a case.

The outcome of a light and electron microscopic study of a congenital choroid plexus papilloma removed from a lateral cerebral ventricle of a 10-day-old male presenting hypertensive hydrocephalus at birth is reported. The tumor was diagnosed by CT and cerebral angiography. The findings, compared with those obtained from choroid plexuses of controls subjected to hemispherectomy for epilepsy, highlight the intense metabolic activity of the papilloma and the relevance of this to the communicating hydrocephalus that is frequently associated with it.