Demanding a bigger role: Palestinian women in politics and decision making.

The political participation1 of Palestinian women in its many forms has been significantly influenced by Palestinian history. The male-dominated society and political system have hindered women's prominence in society and in politics. Although slowly on the rise, lack of women's representation and their voices is reflected in the low number of women in higher political echelons and in policy and decision making in general. After the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993 and 19952 in 1993, women were integrated in state building processes, yet formal female participation was weak and marginalized and their representation, despite women's political activism, remained low and not to the extent hoped for. This paper sheds light on the Palestinian women's involvement in politics and decision making firstly in the pre-Oslo era under non-indigenous Palestinian government and then in the post-Oslo era after the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority, with focus on involvement in negotiations with Israel and internal Palestinian reconciliation efforts. It also focuses on UNSCR 1325, the degree of influence it has had on women's engagement and the mechanisms established to enhance a bigger role for women in politics and decision making, leading towards a larger role in nation-state building and reconciliation and peace negotiations. Recommendations are offered for measures to increase future participation.

Ciudadanía, participación sociopolítica y bienestar social: fundamentos teóricos / Citizenship,socio-political involvement and social involvement and social well-being: theoretical basis

La participación política se encuentra enmarcada en la concepción de ciudadanía, siendo un aspecto relevante para el desarrollo del compromiso cívico. Existe evidencia de que diversos factores psicosociales y sociopolíticos actúan como mediadores en la implicación que la ciudadanía tiene en acciones políticas. Además, desde el marco teórico del Bienestar Social, se plantea que la participación política es un elemento fundamental para que las sociedades alcancen niveles óptimos de integración y cohesión social. Todo ello, sitúa a la participación como un factor clave para el desarrollo del compromiso cívico y de futuras sociedades más justas

Political participation is framed in the conception of citizenship, being a relevant aspect for development the civic commitment. There is evidence that shows that different psycho-social and social political factors act as mediators in the implication that the citizenship has in political actions.In addition, from the Social Well-Being theoretical framework, it is stated that the political participation is a fundamental element for societies to reach the optimal levels of integration and social cohesion. All of it, puts the participation as a key factor for the development of civic commitment and more fair future societies

Using History to Analyze the Learning by Observing and Pitching In Practices of Contemporary Mesoamerican Societies.

The analysis of Indigenous learning practices in Mexico and the United States typically relies on ethnography, oral history, and participant observation as the methodology for understanding the socialization processes of Mesoamerican societies. In this chapter, we consider the importance of using historical analysis as an added methodology for understanding the Indigenous learning practices by considering three case studies of Indigenous communities in Mexico, where a consideration of historical patterns have proven fruitful for understanding the contemporary Learning by Observing and Pitching In (LOPI) practices. These communities include the Nahua people of the state of Puebla, the P'urhépecha communities of the state of Michoacán, and the Nahua people of the Texcoco area to the southeast of Mexico City. We conclude that a consideration of the cultural patterns that have developed in Mesoamerican societies across time would benefit contemporary researchers as one component of their LOPI research.

Conferências Nacionais de Saúde e o Serviço de Ouvidoria no Brasil / National health conferences and ombusman service in Brazil

O estudo objetivou identificar, descrever e analisar o que os relatórios finais das 10 ª, 11ª, 12ª e13ª Conferências Nacionais de Saúde mencionaram sobre ouvidoria na saúde. Estudo históricodocumental,que examinou os relatórios finais das conferências mencionadas, disponíveis no sitedo Ministério da Saúde. Esses documentos foram lidos e analisados conforme sua sequênciacronológica. Os achados foram compilados e organizados em categorias de análise, empregandoseos critérios de similaridade e pertinência temática. O presente estudo apontou o conteúdo e opercurso das ações propostas pelas 10ª, 11ª, 12ª e 13ª Conferências Nacionais de Saúde para ainstitucionalização da Ouvidoria como instrumento de controle social do Sistema Único de Saúdepelos conselhos de saúde.

De una psicología social de fenómenos políticos al desarrollo de la psicología política en el Perú / De uma psicologia social dos fenômenos políticos ao desenvolvimento de uma psicologia política no Peru / From a social psychology of political issues to the development of political psychology in Peru

El presente artículo busca ofrecer una perspectiva general del surgimiento y desarrollo de la psicología política en el Perú. Para ello, se hace una revisión de sus principales líneas de investigación, identificándose cinco temáticas que han recibido mayor atención y difusión: (1) Procesos de formación de la identidad nacional, (2) Análisis de las dinámicas intergrupales en un país socialmente diverso, con énfasis en los estereotipos, prejuicios y discriminación, (3) Procesos de recuperación de la memoria colectiva con énfasis en los procesos de violencia política y social y sus consecuencias psicosociales, (4) Procesos de participación social y acción colectiva, (5) Análisis de la ideología política, sus contenidos, estructura y relación con distintos procesos psicológicos y sociales. A pesar de sus limitaciones, la revisión propuesta supone una primera mirada a la producción psicológica vinculada a fenómenos políticos locales y plantea la pertinencia y necesidad de fortalecer la disciplina en el Perú...

O presente artigo busca oferecer uma perspectiva geral do surgimento e desenvolvimento da psicologia política no Peru. Para isso, fizemos uma revisão de suas principais linhas de investigação, identificando-se cinco temáticas que receberam maior atenção e difusão: (1) Processos de formação da identidade nacional, (2) Análise das dinâmicas inter-grupais num país socialmente diverso, com ênfase nos estereótipos, preconceitos e discriminação, (3) Processos de recuperação da memória coletiva com ênfase nos processos de violência política e social e suas consequências psicossociais, (4) Processos de participação social e ação coletiva, (5) Análise da ideologia política, seus conteúdos, estrutura e relação com distintos processos psicológicos e sociais. Apesar de suas limitações, a revisão proposta supõe um primeiro olhar na produção psicológica vinculada a fenômenos políticos locais e propõe a pertinência e necessidade de fortalecer a disciplina no Peru...

This article seeks to provide an overview of the emergence and development of the political psychology in Peru. To this end, a review of its main lines of research is done, identifying five themes that have received most attention and dissemination: (1) Process of national identity formation, (2) Analysis of intergroup dynamics in a socially diverse country, with emphasis on stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination, (3) Recovery processes of collective memory with emphasis on processes of social and political violence and their psychosocial consequences, (4) Social participation processes and collective action, (5) Analysis of political ideology, their contents, structure and relationship to other psychological and social processes. Despite its limitations, the proposed revision is a first look at the production in psychology linked to local politician's phenomena and raises the relevance and necessity of strengthening the discipline in Peru...

Stratification of women's sport in contemporary China.

Since economic reform in the 1980s, Chinese sport has undergone an extraordinary transformation. The most distinguishing phenomenon is the rapid growth of mass sport at the grassroots level with increasing demands for physical activities in women's daily lives. The rapid growth of women's sports participation at the grassroots is deeply embedded in the process of social stratification as a result of the urbanisation of Chinese society. The purpose of this paper is to use the socialist, feminist and theoretical framework to explore how Chinese women's different economic, educational, domestic and cultural situations shape their sports values and patterns of participation, marking social boundaries in Chinese urban communities. Semi-structured interviews and observations were conducted with 60 female physical exercisers in sports clubs, parks and neighbourhood playgrounds. Documentary research was also applied as a complement method to the interview. The findings indicate that within different classes (middle class, working class and a group who were unemployed), many different opportunities for and limitations on women to participate in sport are noticed. Chinese women have not fully and equally utilised sports opportunities created by urbanisation. Most Chinese women still live within patriarchal arrangements. Consequently, they do not completely fulfil their ambitions in sport.

Questão agrária no Brasil. v. 2. O debate na esquerda, 1960 - 1980 / Agrarian question in Brazil. v. 2. The debate on the left, 1960 - 1980

Este livro, o segundo volume da coleção, complementa as análises sobre a natureza da questão agrária desde o período colonial até a década de 1960. São textos que podem ser considerados as reflexões de pensadores no campo da esquerda. A reflexão de Andre Gunder Frank acompanha todo o processo visto no volume I. Frank foi o primeiro, numa perspectiva marxista clássica, a fazer uma crítica às teses do PCB da existência do feudalismo na agricultura brasileira. Ruy Mauro Marini, um dos pensadores e elaboradores da teoria da dependência, critica o fato de Caio Prado esperar que as relações sociais capitalistas se estendessem por toda a agricultura e que a questão da terra fosse resolvida antes pelo capitalismo. E, de certa forma, desprezar o papel do campesinato e das massas trabalhadoras. Paulo Wright une teoria e ação política. A Ação Popular, organização política na qual militava, teve grande atuação política entre o campesinato. O texto revela o esforço teórico que era feito na época, mesmo nas piores condições de clandestinidade e de luta política. Octavio Ianni descreve as novas relações sociais existentes na agricultura brasileira e demonstra como o capitalismo predominava.A pesquisa e as teses de Jacob Gorender sepultam qualquer interpretação feudal e constroem um novo conceito de interpretação da existência de um modo de produção colonial, capitalista, baseado na organização das fazendas em plantation. Mário Maestri, em seu ensaio, explica como foi a formação do campesinato brasileiro, do ponto de vista do modo de produção, a partir da falência da plantation e do modelo agroexportador escravocrata...