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1.
Malar J ; 23(1): 155, 2024 May 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38769514

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cameroon is one of the countries with the highest burden of malaria. Since 2018, there has been an ongoing conflict in the country, which has reduced access to healthcare for populations in affected regions, and little is known about the impact on access to malaria services. The objective of this study was to understand the current situation regarding access to malaria services in Cameroon to inform the design of interventions to remove barriers and encourage the use of available services. METHODS: A qualitative research study was carried out to understand the barriers preventing communities accessing care, the uptake of community health worker (CHW) services, and to gather perceptions on community engagement approaches, to assess whether these could be an appropriate mechanism to encourage uptake of community health worker (CHW) services. Twenty-nine focus group discussions and 11 in-depth interviews were carried out between May and July 2021 in two regions of Cameroon, Southwest and Littoral. Focus group discussions were held with CHWs and community members and semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders including regional government staff, council staff, community leaders and community-based organisations. The data were analysed thematically; open, descriptive coding was combined with exploration of pre-determined investigative areas. RESULTS: The study confirmed that access to healthcare has become increasingly challenging in conflict-affected areas. Although the Ministry of Health are providing CHWs to improve access, several barriers remain that limit uptake of these services including awareness, availability, cost, trust in competency, and supply of testing and treatment. This study found that communities were supportive of community engagement approaches, particularly the community dialogue approach. CONCLUSION: Communities in conflict-affected regions of Cameroon continue to have limited access to healthcare services, in part due to poor use of CHW services provided. Community engagement approaches can be an effective way to improve the awareness and use of CHWs. However, these approaches alone will not be sufficient to resolve all the challenges faced by conflict-affected communities when accessing health and malaria services. Additional interventions are needed to increase the availability of CHWs, improve the supply of diagnostic tests and treatments and to reduce the cost of treatment for all.


Assuntos
Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Malária , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Camarões , Malária/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Agentes Comunitários de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Grupos Focais , Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto
2.
JMIR Public Health Surveill ; 10: e49695, 2024 May 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38478914

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Community engagement plays a vital role in global immunization strategies, offering the potential to overcome vaccination hesitancy and enhance vaccination confidence. Although there is significant backing for community engagement in health promotion, the evidence supporting its effectiveness in vaccination promotion is fragmented and of uncertain quality. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to systematically examine the effectiveness of different contents and extent of community engagement for promoting vaccination rates. METHODS: This study was performed in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A comprehensive and exhaustive literature search was performed in 4 English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) and 2 Chinese databases (CNKI and Wan Fang) to identify all possible articles. Original research articles applying an experimental study design that investigated the effectiveness of community engagement in vaccination promotion were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently performed the literature search, study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion, with the arbitration of a third reviewer where necessary. RESULTS: A total of 20 articles out of 11,404 records from 2006 to 2021 were retrieved. The studies used various designs: 12 applied single-group pre-post study designs, 5 were cluster randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and 3 were non-RCTs. These studies targeted multiple vaccines, with 8 focusing on children's immunization, 8 on human papillomavirus vaccine, 3 on hepatitis B virus vaccine, and 1 on COVID-19 vaccine. The meta-analysis revealed significant increases in vaccination rates both in pre-post comparison (rate difference [RD] 0.34, 95% CI 0.21-0.47, I2=99.9%, P<.001) and between-group comparison (RD 0.18, 95% CI 0.07-0.29, I2=98.4%, P<.001). The meta-analysis revealed that participant recruitment had the largest effect size (RD 0.51, 95% CI 0.36-0.67, I2=99.9%, P<.001), followed by intervention development (RD 0.36, 95% CI 0.23-0.50, I2=100.0%, P<.001), intervention implementation (RD 0.35, 95% CI 0.22-0.47, I2=99.8%, P<.001), and data collection (RD 0.34, 95% CI 0.19-0.50, I2=99.8%, P<.001). The meta-analysis indicated that high community engagement extent yielded the largest effect size (RD 0.49, 95% CI 0.17-0.82, I2=100.0%, P<.001), followed by moderate community engagement extent (RD 0.45, 95% CI 0.33-0.58, I2=99.6%, P<.001) and low community engagement extent (RD 0.15, 95% CI 0.05-0.25, I2=99.2%, P<.001). The meta-analysis revealed that "health service support" demonstrated the largest effect sizes (RD 0.45, 95% CI 0.25-0.65, I2=99.9%, P<.001), followed by "health education and discussion" (RD 0.39, 95% CI 0.20-0.58, I2=99.7%, P<.001), "follow-up and reminder" (RD 0.33, 95% CI 0.23-0.42, I2=99.3%, P<.001), and "social marketing campaigns and community mobilization" (RD 0.24, 95% CI 0.06-0.41, I2=99.9%, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this meta-analysis supported the effectiveness of community engagement in vaccination promotion with variations in terms of engagement contents and extent. Community engagement required a "fit-for-purpose" approach rather than a "one-size-fits-all" approach to maximize the effectiveness of vaccine promotion. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42022339081; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=339081.


Assuntos
Participação da Comunidade , Promoção da Saúde , Vacinação , Humanos , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Participação da Comunidade/métodos , Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos
3.
Health Place ; 81: 103026, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37084705

RESUMO

A scoping review was conducted to explore the characteristics, barriers, and enablers of community engagement in place-based approaches to improving health outcomes in a designated area of poor health and disadvantage. The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was used. Forty articles met the inclusion criteria of which 31 were conducted in the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, or Australia, and 70% used qualitative methods. The health initiatives were delivered in multiple settings including neighbourhoods, towns, and regions and with a range of population groups including Indigenous and migrant communities. Trust, power, and cultural considerations were the most significant barriers and enablers to community participation in place-based approaches. Developing trust is key to success in community-led, place-based initiatives.


Assuntos
Participação da Comunidade , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Áreas de Pobreza , Humanos , Austrália , Canadá , Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Confiança , Estados Unidos , Reino Unido , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade/métodos , Masculino , Feminino
4.
PLoS One ; 17(1): e0262589, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35085313

RESUMO

Although Opisthorchis viverrini (OV), lifestyle, and diet co-factors have a relatively high prevalence in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) population, cumulative (0-74) incidence rates of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) do not reach 5% in this region. Other co-factors must influence, but in this study, we only highlighted positive factors for guiding joint planning to address public health problems at the regional level. Therefore, we aimed to study prevalence and factors associated with CCA incidence focusing only on protective factors. A cross-sectional analytic study was carried out from June to October 2017. Participants with informed consent completed the questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze general information. Primary variables were classified into high and low levels by mean. Logistic regression was employed to investigate the correlation between interesting variables and the overall risk level of CCA. The overall prevalence of CCA protective factors of the whole region was knowledge (61.39%), health beliefs (42.32%), prevention behavior (31.93%), and community participation (14.53%). When considering the proportions at a high level, they were 49.53%, 53.72%, 35.37%, and 49.67%, respectively. Significant factors associated with CCA prevention were females with secondary or vocational education, a high level of perceived seriousness and benefits, and community participation. These findings are likely to be helpful for both the public and administrators. First, it can be information for people to be aware of CCA risk. Second, policy-driven authorities at the local or regional level should apply the critical issues from this study for joint planning to sustainably solve regional public health problems.


Assuntos
Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/etiologia , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/prevenção & controle , Colangiocarcinoma/etiologia , Colangiocarcinoma/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Animais , Ductos Biliares Intra-Hepáticos/parasitologia , Colangiocarcinoma/parasitologia , Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Opistorquíase/complicações , Opistorquíase/parasitologia , Opisthorchis/patogenicidade , Prevalência , Fatores de Proteção , Saúde Pública/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco
6.
Child Abuse Negl ; 124: 105461, 2022 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34998037

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Nearly one-quarter of the approximately 400,000 reports to child protective services originating from non-mandated reporters come from neighbors. Understanding factors leading non-mandated reporters to contact authorities is important because if modifiable, they might serve as intervention targets to promote reporting of suspected maltreatment. OBJECTIVE: Investigate associations between neighbors' reported responses to scenarios involving children in need, child/teen misbehavior, and suspected maltreatment with individual and neighborhood characteristics, including neighborhood collective efficacy, fear of victimization, and fear of retaliation. HYPOTHESIS: Increased collective efficacy would be associated with increased likelihood of neighbors taking action in response to the situation. PARTICIPANTS & SETTING: 400 caregivers of minors in Cleveland, OH, USA living in 20 census tracts. METHODS: Generalized linear mixed-effects modeling. RESULTS: Analyses adjusted for covariates confirmed our primary hypothesis: a 1-unit increase in the collective efficacy measure was associated with a 64% increase in the odds of neighbors taking action compared to doing nothing (odds ratio = 1.64, 95th percentile confidence interval 1.41-1.92). Also, participants with less than a high-school education had 36% greater odds of reporting their neighbors taking action compared to more educated participants. An interaction effect between participants' fear of victimization in their neighborhood, but not fear of retaliation, was also observed: the effect of collective efficacy on the odds of neighbors taking action was substantially greater among residents expressing moderate and high fear of victimization. CONCLUSION: Enhancing collective efficacy may be an effective strategy for fostering community response to suspected child maltreatment and other situations of a child in need because it may catalyze a variety of positive responses to these situations.


Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis , Participação da Comunidade , Características de Residência , Adolescente , Cuidadores , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/prevenção & controle , Serviços de Proteção Infantil , Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Ohio
7.
PLoS One ; 16(12): e0261419, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34905567

RESUMO

This article aims to analyse the impact of the main determinants of match-day stadium attendance for seven seasons-2012-13 to 2018-19-of the Italian football Serie A. The main element of novelty is that the dataset is split into three sub-categories based on the pre-season fans' expectations to verify whether the impact of attendance determinants varies depending on teams' expected performance. Our results-based on Tobit model regressions-identify some significant differences across the three subsets. However, the difference that seems to be the most significant revealed a common preference of Italian fans towards higher quality opponents.


Assuntos
Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Motivação/fisiologia , Futebol/psicologia , Comportamento Competitivo , Humanos , Itália , Estações do Ano
8.
PLoS One ; 16(10): e0259307, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34714877

RESUMO

Participation and activity post stroke can be limited due to adverse weather conditions. This study aimed to: Quantify and compare summer and winter participation and activity, and explore how community dwelling people with stroke describe their feelings about their level of participation and activity by season. This embedded mixed-methods observational study took place in a city with weather extremes. Community dwelling individuals at least one year post-stroke, able to walk ≥50 metres +/- a walking aide were included. Evaluations and interviews occurred at participants' homes in two seasons: Reintegration to Normal living Index (RNL), Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) and descriptive outcomes. Participants wore activity monitors for one week each season. Analysis included descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests and an inductive approach to content analysis. Thirteen individuals participated in quantitative evaluation with eight interviewed. Mean age 61.5 years, 62% female and mean 6.2 years post-stroke. No differences between winter-summer values of RNL, ABC, or activity monitor outcomes. However, participants felt they could do more and were more independent in summer. The winter conditions such as ice, snow, cold and wind restricted participation and limited activities. Nonetheless, many participants were active and participated despite the winter challenges by finding other ways to be active, and relying on social supports and personal motivation. The qualitative findings explained unexpected quantitative results. Participants described many challenges with winter weather, but also ways they had discovered to participate and be active despite these challenges. Changes to future studies into seasonal differences are suggested.


Assuntos
Estações do Ano , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Caminhada/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Motivação , Equilíbrio Postural , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologia
9.
Malar J ; 20(1): 370, 2021 Sep 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34535133

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Despite significant strides made in reducing malaria morbidity and mortality in the Greater Mekong Subregion, malaria transmission continues amongst the most 'hard-to-reach', such as forest-goers and mobile and migrant populations, who face access obstacles to malaria diagnosis and treatment. As such, regional malaria elimination strategies endeavour to incorporate the private sector and local communities in improving surveillance and detection of the last malaria cases in remote forested areas. The question remains, however, whether such strategies can reach these hard-to-reach populations and effectively reduce their disproportionate burden of malaria. This paper evaluates the strategy of community and private sector engagement in a malaria elimination project in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. METHODS: Ethnographic research, incorporating in-depth interviews, participant observations with informal discussions, and group discussions were conducted in Bu Gia Map commune, Binh Phuc province of Vietnam; in Phouvong district, Attapeu province of Laos; and, in nine newly established and informal communities in the provinces of Mondul Kiri, Steung Treng, Kratie, Kampong Thom, and Prah Vihear of Cambodia. RESULTS: Different types of factors limited or enhanced the effectiveness of the participatory approaches in the different settings. In Vietnam, inter-ethnic tensions and sensitivity around forest-work negatively affected local population's health-seeking behaviour and consequent uptake of malaria testing and treatment. In Laos, the location of the project collaborative pharmacies in the district-centre were a mismatch for reaching hard-to-reach populations in remote villages. In Cambodia, the strategy of recruiting community malaria-workers, elected by the community members, did manage to reach the remote forested areas where people visited or stayed. CONCLUSIONS: 'Hard-to-reach' populations remain hard to reach without proper research identifying the socio-economic-political environment and the key dynamics determining uptake in involved communities and populations. Solid implementation research with a strong ethnographic component is required to tailor malaria elimination strategies to local contexts.


Assuntos
Antropologia Cultural/métodos , Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Malária/epidemiologia , Setor Privado/estatística & dados numéricos , Camboja/epidemiologia , Humanos , Laos/epidemiologia , Vietnã/epidemiologia
10.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis ; 30(11): 106081, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34507257

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to 1) identify the relation between walking ability and participation after stroke and 2) explore whether change in walking ability is associated with change in participation over time in community living-people after stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two people after stroke were assessed at baseline and after a 6-week gait training intervention. People were included between two weeks and six months after stroke. The Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation was used to measure participation. Assessment of walking ability included the six-minute walking test for walking endurance, Timed-up & Go test for functional mobility, Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test for dynamic balance, and total duration of walking activity per day to measure walking activity. RESULTS: At baseline, six-minute walking test, Timed-up & Go test, and Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test were univariately associated with participation (P < 0.001). Backward multiple regression analysis showed that the Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test independently explained 55.7% of the variance in participation at baseline. Over time, only change in the six-minute walking test was positively associated with change in participation (R2 = 0.087, P = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS: Cross-sectional associations showed that walking ability, and especially dynamic balance, contributes to participation after stroke. Dynamic balance, as underlying variable for walking, was an important independently related factor to participation after stroke which needs attention during rehabilitation. Longitudinally, improvement in walking endurance was significantly associated with improvement in participation, which indicates the relevance of training walking endurance to improve participation after stroke.


Assuntos
Participação da Comunidade , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Caminhada , Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Caminhada/fisiologia
11.
PLoS One ; 16(8): e0255621, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34358279

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: There has been growing interest in community gardens as an effective and affordable health promotion strategy. However, most available evidence is derived from qualitative studies, whereas quantitative research on this subject is limited. OBJECTIVES: To synthetize the literature about physical and mental health outcomes associated with community gardening. Two main questions were addressed: a) is there evidence, from quantitative studies, that community gardening is associated to physical and mental health and well-being of non-institutionalized individuals? b) Does community gardening provokes any discomfort in terms of physical health, i.e., bodily pain, to their beneficiaries? METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was carried out following PRISMA guidelines by searching relevant electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). Empirical, quantitative studies published in English with no restrictions concerning the date of publication were considered eligible. The quality of the evidence was appraised using the tool developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. RESULTS: Overall, 8 studies were considered eligible, of which seven studies were rated as having good methodological quality (one scored as fair). Community gardeners had significantly better health outcomes than their neighbours not engaged in gardening activities in terms of life satisfaction, happiness, general health, mental health, and social cohesion. CONCLUSION: Community gardens are associated to health gains for their users, irrespective of age, being an affordable and efficient way of promoting physical and mental health and well-being. To encourage the design, maintenance, and prospective evaluation of supportive urban environments promoting healthy and, at the same time, sustainable lifestyles, is essential to achieve public health gains and environmental sustainability.


Assuntos
Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Jardinagem/métodos , Jardins/estatística & dados numéricos , Promoção da Saúde , Estilo de Vida , Saúde Mental , Características de Residência , Humanos
12.
J Toxicol Environ Health A ; 84(23): 973-985, 2021 12 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34369284

RESUMO

The continuous drop out of participants in longitudinal studies is a trend that may be observed in nearly all fields of medical research. A reduced participation rate might compromise the power of statistical analysis as well as lead to an attrition bias of the study. The aim of this analysis was to identify influencing factors on participation frequency in the monitoring program Health Effects in High Level Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (HELPcB) study, a cohort investigation of occupationally polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) exposed individuals. The HELPcB study was initiated in 2010 and consisted of 7 study visits. At the last cross-section in 2019, less than one third of the included patients still actively participated. As possible influencing factors on study participation frequency, demographic, social, and medical characteristics of the participants were examined. In addition, a logistic regression model to predict study participation behavior was calculated. An overall higher frequency of participation was observed, if participants joined the program together with relatives or friends and had a higher age. For PCB plasma levels, an exceedance of the biological reference value (BAR) and further factors, such as (1) professional qualification, (2) later inclusion, (3) type of participant and (4) occupational-related disease notification, significant differences in the participation frequency were observed in the univariate analysis. Only age and joined study participation remained significant in the multivariate logistic regression. In conclusion, it was possible to identify several social and occupational-related factors that influence the frequency of participation of study attendees.


Assuntos
Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Poluentes Ambientais/toxicidade , Bifenilos Policlorados/toxicidade , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Demografia , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Longitudinais , Perda de Seguimento , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Sociais
14.
Nutrients ; 13(8)2021 Jul 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34444793

RESUMO

Changes in school meal programs can affect well-being of millions of American children. Since 2014, high-poverty schools and districts nationwide had an option to provide universal free meals (UFM) through the Community Eligibility Provision (CEP). The COVID-19 pandemic expanded UFM to all schools in 2020-2022. Using nationally representative data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: Kindergarten Class of 2010-2011, we measured CEP effects on school meal participation, attendance, academic achievement, children's body weight, and household food security. To provide plausibly causal estimates, we leveraged the exogenous variation in the timing of CEP implementation across states and estimated a difference-in-difference model with child random effects, school and year fixed effects. On average, CEP participation increased the probability of children's eating free school lunch by 9.3% and daily school attendance by 0.24 percentage points (p < 0.01). We find no evidence that, overall, CEP affected body weight, test scores and household food security among elementary schoolchildren. However, CEP benefited children in low-income families by decreasing the probability of being overweight by 3.1% (p < 0.05) and improving reading scores of Hispanic children by 0.055 standard deviations. UFM expansion can particularly benefit at-risk children and help improve equity in educational and health outcomes.


Assuntos
Assistência Alimentar/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços de Alimentação/estatística & dados numéricos , Refeições , Instituições Acadêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Sucesso Acadêmico , Peso Corporal , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Criança , Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Segurança Alimentar/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Almoço , Masculino , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Pobreza/estatística & dados numéricos , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudantes , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
15.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 118(29)2021 07 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34253601

RESUMO

Resource monitoring is often cited as important for effective common pool resources management. In practice, not all monitoring interventions are successful, particularly when the resource, such as groundwater, is challenging to monitor and measure. We conducted a field experiment on groundwater monitoring in Ceará, Brazil, where communities are increasingly reliant on groundwater yet do not engage in monitoring. Despite careful implementation, uptake of monitoring within the 80 treatment communities was low. To unpack this low uptake, we conduct multimethods exploratory research. We find that uptake is less likely in communities facing high coordination costs, either within the community leadership or across the broader community. Uptake is also less likely when there are physical barriers to monitoring, when there are more substitutes for groundwater, and when there is lower variability in water availability. Our findings can inform future monitoring interventions in similar contexts worldwide.


Assuntos
Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/estatística & dados numéricos , Água Subterrânea , Brasil , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/economia , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/legislação & jurisprudência , Custos e Análise de Custo , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Abastecimento de Água/estatística & dados numéricos
16.
J Bone Joint Surg Am ; 103(13): e51, 2021 07 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34228669

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We performed a systematic review of patient and public involvement in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the field of orthopaedic surgery. We assessed the prevalence, extent, and quality of patient and public involvement (PPI) in current academic orthopaedic practice. METHODS: A literature search of the Cochrane, MEDLINE, and Embase databases was performed; we identified RCTs that were published between 2013 and 2020 in the 10 orthopaedic surgery journals with the highest impact factors. Inclusion of studies was based on set criteria, and they were analyzed for their validity. The results were assessed for the rate and the quality of PPI reporting. The Wright and Foster guidelines and the GRIPP2-SF (Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public-2 short form) checklist were used to assess PPI reporting. This review was reported in line with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. RESULTS: An initial 2,107 results were identified. After the screening process, 475 full-text articles were identified and reviewed. Two papers that described PPI were included in this review. One paper used PPI to inform the research question, the choice of primary outcome, the oversight of the study schedule, and the dissemination of the results. The second article used PPI to design the study protocol. Both articles poorly reported the impact of PPI on the research. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this systematic review is the first to describe the prevalence, extent, and quality of PPI reporting in orthopaedic RCTs. Barriers to adequate PPI reporting are multifactorial and stem from a lack of systematic uptake of PPI guidelines and a lack of compulsory PPI reporting from publishing bodies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: PPI can improve the quality of clinical trials by focusing on the clinical questions and outcomes that are most important to patients. This article assesses the prevalence of PPI reporting in orthopaedic RCTs.


Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/estatística & dados numéricos , Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Participação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Lista de Checagem , Guias como Assunto , Humanos , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
17.
J Glob Health ; 11: 04045, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34326995

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Community-based strategies to promote maternal health can help raise awareness of pregnancy danger signs and preparations for emergencies. The objective of this study was to assess change in birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) and pregnant women's knowledge about pre-eclampsia as part of community engagement (CE) activities in rural Pakistan during the Community Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) Trial. METHODS: The CLIP Trial was a cluster randomized controlled trial that aimed to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality using CE strategies alongside mobile health-supported care by community health care providers. CE activities engaged pregnant women at their homes and male stakeholders through village meetings in Hyderabad and Matiari in Sindh, Pakistan. These sessions covered pregnancy complications, particularly pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, BPCR and details of the CLIP intervention package. BPCR was assessed using questions related to transport arrangement, permission for care, emergency funds, and choice of facility birth attendant for delivery during quarterly household surveys. Outcomes were assessed via multilevel logistic regression with adjustment for relevant confounders with effects summarized as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: There were 15 137 home-based CE sessions with pregnant women and families (n = 46 614) and 695 village meetings with male stakeholders (n = 7784) over two years. The composite outcomes for BPCR and pre-eclampsia knowledge did not differ significantly between trial arms. However, CE activities were associated with improved pre-eclampsia knowledge in some areas. Specifically, pregnant women in the intervention clusters were twice as likely to know that seizures could be a complication of pregnancy (odds ratio (OR) = 2.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11, 4.23) and 2.5 times more likely to know that high blood pressure is potentially life-threatening during pregnancy (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.31, 4.83) vs control clusters. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggested that a CE strategy for male and female community stakeholders increased some measures of knowledge regarding complications of pre-eclampsia in low-resource settings. However, the effect of this intervention on long-term health outcomes needs further study. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov - INCT01911494.


Assuntos
Participação da Comunidade , Saúde Materna , Pré-Eclâmpsia , Saúde da População Rural , Adulto , Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Saúde Materna/estatística & dados numéricos , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Pré-Eclâmpsia/epidemiologia , Pré-Eclâmpsia/prevenção & controle , Gravidez , Saúde da População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos
18.
JMIR Public Health Surveill ; 7(7): e27942, 2021 07 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34117860

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: During a public health crisis such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, governments and health authorities need quick and accurate methods of communicating with the public. While social media can serve as a useful tool for effective communication during disease outbreaks, few studies have elucidated how these platforms are used by the Ministry of Health (MOH) during disease outbreaks in Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVE: Guided by the Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication model, this study aimed to explore the MOH's use of Twitter and the public's engagement during different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Tweets and corresponding likes and retweets were extracted from the official Twitter account of the MOH in Saudi Arabia for the period of January 1 through August 31, 2020. Tweets related to COVID-19 were identified; subsequently, content analysis was performed, in which tweets were coded for the following message types: risk messages, warnings, preparations, uncertainty reduction, efficacy, reassurance, and digital health responses. Public engagement was measured by examining the numbers of likes and retweets. The association between outbreak stages and types of messages was assessed, as well as the effect of these messages on public engagement. RESULTS: The MOH posted a total of 1393 original tweets during the study period. Of the total tweets, 1293 (92.82%) were related to COVID-19, and 1217 were ultimately included in the analysis. The MOH posted the majority of its tweets (65.89%) during the initial stage of the outbreak. Accordingly, the public showed the highest level of engagement (as indicated by numbers of likes and retweets) during the initial stage. The types of messages sent by the MOH significantly differed across outbreak stages, with messages related to uncertainty reduction, reassurance, and efficacy being prevalent among all stages. Tweet content, media type, and crisis stage influenced the level of public engagement. Engagement was negatively associated with the inclusion of hyperlinks and multimedia files, while higher level of public engagement was associated with the use of hashtags. Tweets related to warnings, uncertainty reduction, and reassurance received high levels of public engagement. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides insights into the Saudi MOH's communication strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results have implications for researchers, governments, health organizations, and practitioners with regard to their communication practices during outbreaks. To increase public engagement, governments and health authorities should consider the public's need for information. This, in turn, could raise public awareness regarding disease outbreaks.


Assuntos
COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Comunicação em Saúde/métodos , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Saúde Pública , Mídias Sociais/estatística & dados numéricos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Humanos , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia
19.
J Community Health Nurs ; 38(3): 161-172, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34148431

RESUMO

This study explored civic engagement and related variables among registered nurses and non-nurses. Historical influences that have shifted engagement are discussed. This was a cross-sectional, observational study. Data was collected in a convenience sample (n = 727) of registered nurses (n = 232) and non-nurses (n = 495) and was analyzed using descriptive and ANOVA statistics. Nurses were more engaged than non-nurses (p = .000). Age, education, and field of practice were significant variables among nurses. Nurses are positioned to answer the call to civically engage for health-related issues. Findings underscore ways to elevate and harness civic engagement among nurses.


Assuntos
Participação da Comunidade/métodos , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Voluntários/psicologia
20.
PLoS One ; 16(6): e0252195, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34081714

RESUMO

This study examines multi-stakeholders' perceptions of vandalism at tourist attractions in two Asian cities: Bangkok and Singapore. It provides an opportunity to explore the differences and similarities in stakeholder attitudes towards attraction management and reveals desired levels of participation of community in managing vandalism in tourism. This mixed method research employs community survey and interviews of site managers and government officials as its main data collection approach. It also offers an innovative approach to data analysis using the severity and optimist/pessimist psychographic variables coupled with quantitative analytical techniques. The results reveal complex relationship between psychographic profiles, future and current time dimensions, and location. In conclusion, the study offers several recommendations to city managers and policymakers on methods of vandalism control. It also highlights the importance of cultural context and its influence on community involvement. While this study is limited to tourism attractions, it provides a solid foundation for future research, one that can extend into urban planning and public policy design.


Assuntos
Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Criminoso , Otimismo/psicologia , Pessimismo/psicologia , Participação dos Interessados , Turismo , Planejamento de Cidades , Humanos , Parques Recreativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Singapura , Inquéritos e Questionários , Tailândia
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