RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether participation in certain hobbies (e.g., participation in sports, playing musical instruments, or other hobbies requiring fine motor skills), preresidency, are associated with higher technical skills ratings at the time of residency graduation. DESIGN: Faculty members from 14 general surgery residency programs scored individual graduates from 2017 to 2020 on their technical skills using a 5-point Likert scale. Hobbies for these residents were collected from their Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) data. A single reviewer classified each ERAS hobby into predefined categories including musical instruments, sports requiring hand-eye coordination, team sports, and activities necessitating hand-eye coordination. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for the relationship between each category of hobby-as well as the total number of hobbies in each category-and the outcome of surgical faculty ratings of residents' technical surgical skills during their last year of residency. A proportional odds model including the above predictive variables was also fit to the data. SETTING: Fourteen general surgery residency programs. PARTICIPANTS: General surgery residency graduates from 14 different programs from 2017 to 2020. RESULTS: There were 296 residents across 14 institutions. The average ranking of residents' technical skills was 3.24 (SD 1.1). A total of 40% of residents played sports involving hand-eye coordination, 31% played team sports, 28% participated in nonsport hobbies that require eye-hand coordination, and 20% played musical instruments. Correlation coefficients were not statistically significant for any of the categories. In the proportional odds model, none of the variables were associated with statistically significant increased odds of a higher technical skills rating. CONCLUSIONS: There was no correlation between general surgery chief residents' technical skills as rated by faculty, and self-reported pre-residency hobbies on the ERAS application. These findings suggest such hobbies prior to residency are unlikely to predict future technical skills prowess.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Geral , Internato e Residência , Humanos , Passatempos , Cirurgia Geral/educação , Competência ClínicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Theories from anthropology, evolutionary psychology, and sociology have focused on the potential adaptive benefits of hobby engagement for mental health in older adults. However, previous studies have used data from single countries, potentially biased by specific measurement and methodological approaches, cohort effects, or cultural specificities. Whether there are genuine benefits for mental health in older adults cross-culturally remains unknown. This study explored the consistency of this association across 16 different nations. METHODS: For this epidemiological study, we used data from adults aged 65 years or older across 16 countries in the USA, Europe, and Asia, represented in five longitudinal studies (ELSA, JAGES, HRS, SHARE and CHARLS; N=93â263, 45-62% female, mean age 72-76 years, data collected 2008-20). We harmonised measures of self-reported engagement in hobbies and past-times, depressive symptoms (validated scales), and Likert scale responses for self-reported health, happiness, and life satisfaction. We conducted fixed-effects models and longitudinal regression models of hobbies and mental health for each country and then pooled in multinational meta-analyses. We accounted for all time-constant factors including those unobserved (eg, genetics, past leisure behaviour, medical history, psychological traits) and identified time-varying factors (eg, sociodemographic background, clinical conditions, daily functioning). We tested the potential moderating effects of country-level determinants of health in meta-regressions and multilevel models. FINDINGS: Meta-analytic fixed-effects findings showed that having a hobby was associated with fewer depressive symptoms (pooled coefficient -0·10, 95% CI -0·13 to -0·07, I2=69·5%, H2=3·28), and higher levels of self-reported health (0·06, 0·03 to 0·08, I2=48·1%, H2=1·93), happiness (0·09, 0·06 to 0·13, I2=67·0%, H2=3·03), and life satisfaction (0·10, 0·08 to 0·12, I2=33·6%, H2=1·51). Results were consistent in meta-analyses of longitudinal regression models testing directionality of findings. Macro-level factors such as life expectancy, world happiness index, country wealth, and income inequality predicted prevalence of hobby engagement, but they showed only marginal moderating effects on the association between hobbies and mental health. INTERPRETATION: Despite some heterogeneity in measurement between the cohorts, the apparent universality of the health benefits of hobbies internationally suggests that facilitating greater opportunities for engagement across demographic groups and between countries could be an important part of multidisciplinary care. Findings have implications for social prescribing schemes (currently in trial in many countries) and multidisciplinary work on origins and human behavioural patterns of hobby engagement. FUNDING: National Endowment for the Arts, Wellcome Trust, Belgian Nnational Scientific Fund (FNRS).
Assuntos
Passatempos , Saúde Mental , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Nível de Saúde , Estudos LongitudinaisRESUMO
Growing aging populations pose a threat to global health because of the social and psychological challenges they experience. To mitigate this, many countries promote hobby engagement to support and improve mental health. Yet, it remains unclear whether there is consistency in benefits across different national settings. We harmonized measures of hobby engagement and multiple aspects of mental wellbeing across 16 nations represented in five longitudinal studies (N = 93,263). Prevalence of hobby engagement varied substantially across countries, from 51.0% of Spanish respondents to 96.0% of Danish respondents. Fixed effects models and multinational meta-analyses were applied to compare the longitudinal associations between hobbies and mental wellbeing. Independent of confounders, having a hobby was associated with fewer depressive symptoms (pooled coefficient = -0.10; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = -0.13, -0.07), and higher levels of self-reported health (pooled coefficient = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.08), happiness (pooled coefficient = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.13) and life satisfaction (pooled coefficient = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.08, 0.12). Further analyses suggested a temporal relationship. The strength of these associations, and prevalence of hobby engagement, were correlated with macrolevel factors such as life expectancy and national happiness levels but overall, little variance in findings was explained by country-level factors (<9%). Given the relative universality of findings, ensuring equality in hobby engagement within and between countries should be a priority for promoting healthy aging.
Assuntos
Passatempos , Saúde Mental , Humanos , Envelhecimento , Expectativa de Vida , Autorrelato , IdosoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study describes the clinical and electrodiagnostic (EDX) findings as well as occupations and hobbies in 613 patients diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). METHODS: Patients with moderate, moderately severe, or severe CTS based on EDX criteria were included. RESULTS: The most common occupations included workers in offices, construction/maintenance, and assembly lines. The occupation severity scores were greatest in garment workers, musicians, and landscapers. Regardless of occupation, patient age and occupation duration were significantly correlated ( P < 0.001). Gardeners had the highest average severity score of the hobbies, followed by painters, those who sew, and individuals who perform house chores. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should be aware of particular occupations and hobbies associated with a greater risk of severe CTS and offer modifications to their patients' work duties and hobbies to minimize the likelihood of developing severe CTS.
Assuntos
Síndrome do Túnel Carpal , Humanos , Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/diagnóstico , Passatempos , OcupaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Establishing preventive measures to improve cognitive health of the growing older adult population is a public health priority. Though, the links between low-cost non-pharmacologist interventions that target activities like hobbies and cognitive health remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a topical review of extant literature to characterize prior findings in context and identify potential research opportunities. METHODS: Search criteria was conducted with search terms "Hobbies and Dementia", "Hobbies and Cognitive Health," "Leisure Activities and Dementia," and "Leisure Activities and Cognitive Health". From the initial 383 articles, 25 articles were selected for review by using broad inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: Of the 25 articles included in this review, 19 were longitudinal cohort, 1 was a retrospective cohort, 2 were case-control, and 3 were cross-sectional. These studies classified hobbies as leisure activities that were cognitive/intellectual, cultural, religious, social, gardening, traveling, or physical. These studies were conducted in the United States (9), United Kingdom (3), Sweden (3), France (5), Finland (1), Korea (1), Japan (2), and China (1). The associations of different types of hobbies with dementia from these studies were not consistent. Inconsistencies could be due to limitations of study design, lack of standardized methods, sample diversity, and differences in factors like social/cultural environment across the study populations. CONCLUSION: This review examined existing evidence for the association between engagement in different types of hobbies and dementia and identified key knowledge gaps and promising approaches for future research.
Assuntos
Demência , Passatempos , Humanos , Idoso , Estudos Retrospectivos , Passatempos/psicologia , Atividades de Lazer/psicologia , Demência/epidemiologia , Demência/prevenção & controle , CogniçãoRESUMO
As dreams reflect waking life, the so-called continuity hypothesis of dreaming, the literature showing that work-related stress affects dreams negatively is very plausible. As in waking life, hobbies are an important component in the work-life balance. In the present study, the work-life balance in dreams was studied. Overall, 1695 persons (960 women, 735 men; mean age: 53.84 ± 13.99 years) participated in an online survey entitled "Everyday life and dreams". The data collected refer to the pre-pandemic period. The findings indicate that hobby-related dreams are more frequent in persons who often engage in their hobbies, supporting the notion of a thematic continuity. As expected, the emotional tone of hobby-related dreams was more positive compared with dreams in general and work-related dreams in particular. Interestingly, the emotional valence of hobby-related dreams was related to the valence of general emotionality towards work in waking life, supporting the idea of an emotional continuity between waking and dreaming. The work-life balance in dreams could be defined as the difference of the percentages of work-related and hobby-related dreams; it is linked to work-related stress and the hobby frequency, factors similar to those that shift the work-life balance in waking life toward the "work" end of the spectrum.
Assuntos
Sonhos , Passatempos , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Sonhos/psicologia , Equilíbrio Trabalho-Vida , Emoções , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The association between hobby engagement and risk of dementia reported from a short-term follow-up study for individuals aged ≥65 years may be susceptible to reverse causation. We examined the association between hobby engagement in age of 40-69 years and risk of dementia in a long-term follow-up study among Japanese, including individuals in mid-life, when the majority of individuals have normal cognitive function. METHODS: A total of 22,377 individuals aged 40-69 years completed a self-administered questionnaire in 1993-1994. The participants answered whether they had hobbies according to the three following responses: having no hobbies, having a hobby, and having many hobbies. Follow-up for incident disabling dementia was conducted with long-term care insurance data from 2006 to 2016. RESULTS: During a median of 11.0 years of follow-up, 3,095 participants developed disabling dementia. Adjusting for the demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors, the multivariable hazard ratios of incident disabling dementia compared with "having no hobbies" were 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-0.89) for "having a hobby" and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.67-0.91) for "having many hobbies". The inverse association was similarly observed in both middle (40-64 years) and older ages (65-69 years). For disabling dementia subtypes, hobby engagement was inversely associated with the risk of dementia without a history of stroke (probably non-vascular type dementia), but not with that of post-stroke dementia (probably vascular type dementia). CONCLUSION: Hobby engagement in both mid-life and late life was associated with a lower risk of disabling dementia without a history of stroke.
Assuntos
Demência , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Demência/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Passatempos , Japão/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
O brincar é uma atividade importante para o desenvolvimento infantil, porque melhora aspectos cognitivos, emocionais e físicos. Além disso, jogos e brincadeiras podem ser explorados como recurso educacional. Partindo do entendimento da ludicidade enquanto um processo subjetivo, este trabalho investigou a relação com o saber estabelecida durante as brincadeiras, buscando compreendê-las em suas dimensões epistêmica, social e identitária. Dezesseis estudantes do 5º ano do ensino fundamental foram entrevistados a partir de um roteiro baseado no instrumento "balanço do saber", proposto por Bernard Charlot. As questões foram adaptadas para possibilitar apreender o que as crianças dizem aprender durante as brincadeiras em que participam, com ênfase naquelas realizadas em sala de aula. Os resultados da análise de conteúdo realizada mostraram que, apesar de existirem conflitos sobre como se estabelecem as funções lúdica e educativa, quando a brincadeira infantil é utilizada como recurso pedagógico, os sujeitos podem identificar benefícios no processo de aprendizagem por meio dela. Aponta-se, também, a necessidade de considerar a condição social da criança no ambiente escolar para o sucesso ao utilizar essas atividades como práticas pedagógicas.(AU)
Child's play is an important activity for child development since it improves cognition, emotional, and physical aspects. Games can also be explored as an educational resource. Starting from the understanding that playfulness is a subjective process, this work has investigated the relationship to the knowledge stablished during games, aiming to understand it in its epistemic, social, and identitary dimensions. A group of 16 5th grade students were interviewed from a script based on the instrument "balance of knowledge," as proposed by Bernard Charlot. The questions were adapted to enable the apprehension of what children say they learn on the games they play, emphasizing those which are played in classrooms. The results of the content analysis performed have showed that, despite the conflicts on how both playful and educative functions are stablished when child's play is used as a pedagogic resource, the subjects can identify benefits on the process of learning with it. The need to consider the child's social condition in the school environment to reach success when using these activities as pedagogical practices is also pointed out.(AU)
Jugar es una actividad importante para el desarrollo de los niños, porque mejora aspectos cognitivos, emocionales y físicos. Por tanto, los juegos son explorados como recurso educativo. Partiendo de la comprensión de que lo lúdico es un proceso subjetivo, este trabajo analizó la relación con el saber que se establece durante el juego, con el objetivo de comprenderlo en sus dimensiones epistémica, social e identitaria. Se entrevistó a dieciséis estudiantes de quinto grado a partir de un guion basado en el instrumento "balance del saber" propuesto por Bernard Charlot. Las preguntas fueron adaptadas para permitir la aprehensión de lo que los niños dicen que aprenden en sus juegos, enfatizando los que se juegan en las aulas. Los resultados del análisis de contenido realizado mostraron que, a pesar de que existen conflictos sobre cómo se establecen ambas funciones lúdica y educativa cuando se utiliza el juego infantil como recurso pedagógico, los niños pueden identificar beneficios en el proceso de aprendizaje a través del juego. Se señala la necesidad de considerar la condición social del niño en el entorno escolar para alcanzar el éxito al utilizar estas actividades como prácticas pedagógicas.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Jogos e Brinquedos , Ludoterapia , Instituições Acadêmicas , Escolaridade , Personalidade , Aptidão , Psicologia , Psicologia Educacional , Qualidade de Vida , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Meio Social , Percepção Social , Esportes , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Ensino , Temperamento , Estudos de Tempo e Movimento , Baixo Rendimento Escolar , Timidez , Simbolismo , Adaptação Psicológica , Exercício Físico , Atitude , Família , Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente , Cuidado da Criança , Orientação Infantil , Proteção da Criança , Saúde Mental , Negociação , Entrevista , Animação , Filme e Vídeo Educativo , Manifestações Neurocomportamentais , Desenho , Criatividade , Cultura , Confiança , Crescimento e Desenvolvimento , Ego , Empatia , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Comportamento Exploratório , Fantasia , Banho de Sol , Prazer , Comportamento Sedentário , Função Executiva , Habilidades Sociais , Aprendizagem Espacial , Jogos Recreativos , Professores Escolares , Práticas Interdisciplinares , Liberdade , Frustração , Solidariedade , Interação Social , Felicidade , Passatempos , Saúde Holística , Imaginação , Individualidade , Inteligência , Liderança , Atividades de Lazer , Memória , Processos Mentais , Motivação , Destreza Motora , Movimento , Música , Comunicação não VerbalRESUMO
Apesar das crescentes investigações sobre uso de telas na infância, essa é uma temática complexa e ainda recente, que traz diversos desafios para pesquisadores e cuidadores. Comunidades virtuais em redes sociais são utilizadas por mães e pais para esclarecer dúvidas e receber conselhos acerca da parentalidade e saúde infantil, podendo, simultaneamente, assumir uma função prescritiva e normativa quanto ao seu modo de agir. Sendo assim, este artigo pretende compreender como o uso de telas na infância vem sendo abordado por especialistas em grupos de mães e pais no Facebook. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo envolvendo 49 postagens de especialistas, sobretudo psicólogos e educadores, extraídas de cinco grupos públicos de mães e pais nessa rede social. Os textos das publicações foram verificados por meio de análise temática e discutidos com base no referencial teórico psicanalítico. Os resultados mostraram que os especialistas destacam os possíveis prejuízos do uso de telas na infância, além de fornecer orientações aos pais sobre como lidar com sua presença no cotidiano das crianças e de suas famílias. Concluiu-se que apesar dos grupos de cuidadores no Facebook serem uma ferramenta de divulgação de informações acerca do uso de telas na infância, cabe não naturalizar a presença de especialistas nesses espaços virtuais criados por pais e mães, interpondo-se nos saberes e nas trocas horizontalizadas entre os cuidadores.(AU)
Although investigations on the use of screens in childhood are increasing, this is a complex and recent topic, which poses several challenges for researchers and caregivers. Virtual communities in social networks are used by mothers and fathers to clarify doubts and receive advice regarding parenting and child health, at times, simultaneously, assuming a prescriptive and normative role on their way of acting. Therefore, this study aimed to understand how the use of screens in childhood has been approached by experts in groups of mothers and fathers on Facebook. A qualitative study was carried out involving 49 posts from specialists, mainly psychologists and educators, extracted from five public groups of mothers and fathers in this social network. The publications' texts were verified via thematic analysis and discussed based on the psychoanalytical theoretical framework. The results showed that experts highlight the possible damage of the use of screens in childhood, in addition to providing guidance to parents on how to deal with the presence of digital technology in the daily lives of children and families. It was concluded that, although caregivers' groups on Facebook are a tool for disseminating information about the use of screens in childhood, it is important not to naturalize the presence of specialists in these virtual spaces created by fathers and mothers, interposing in the horizontally interchanges that occur between the caregivers.(AU)
A pesar de las crecientes investigaciones sobre el uso de pantallas en la infancia, este es un tema complejo y aún reciente, que plantea varios desafíos para investigadores y cuidadores. Las comunidades virtuales en las redes sociales son utilizadas por madres y padres para aclarar dudas y recibir consejos sobre educación y salud infantil, pudiendo, al mismo tiempo, asumir un rol prescriptivo y normativo sobre su forma de actuar. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender cómo el uso de las pantallas en la infancia ha sido abordado por especialistas en grupos de madres y padres en Facebook. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo a partir de 49 publicaciones de especialistas, principalmente de psicólogos y educadores, extraídas de cinco grupos públicos de madres y padres en esta red social. Se realizó en los textos de las publicaciones un análisis temático y se utilizó el marco teórico psicoanalítico. Los resultados mostraron que los expertos destacan posibles daños que provoca el uso de pantallas en la infancia, además de orientar a los padres sobre cómo afrontar esta presencia de la tecnología digital en el día a día de los niños y sus familias. Se concluyó que, a pesar de que los grupos de cuidadores en Facebook son una herramienta de difusión de información sobre el uso de pantallas en la infancia, es importante no naturalizar la presencia de especialistas en estos espacios virtuales creados por padres y madres que se interpone entre los saberes e intercambios horizontales de los cuidadores.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Psicanálise , Criança , Rede Social , Ansiedade , Relações Pais-Filho , Pediatria , Desenvolvimento da Personalidade , Transtornos da Personalidade , Jogos e Brinquedos , Psicologia , Psicologia Educacional , Aspirações Psicológicas , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Instituições Acadêmicas , Transtorno Autístico , Sono , Logro , Mudança Social , Isolamento Social , Socialização , Esportes , Estresse Fisiológico , Tecnologia , Televisão , Pensamento , Comportamento e Mecanismos Comportamentais , Terapia Comportamental , Livros Ilustrados , Neurociências , Luto , Exercício Físico , Comportamento Infantil , Cuidado da Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Orientação Infantil , Serviços de Saúde da Criança , Educação Infantil , Proteção da Criança , Saúde Mental , Saúde da Criança , Poder Familiar , Negociação , Cuidadores , Pessoal de Saúde , Cognição , Comunicação , Intervenção Educacional Precoce , Jogos de Vídeo , Internet , Criatividade , Afeto , Níveis Máximos Permitidos , Características Culturais , Cibernética , Síndrome Metabólica , Desenvolvimento Moral , Telefone Celular , Depressão , Diabetes Mellitus , Escolaridade , Emoções , Acolhimento , Estudos Populacionais em Saúde Pública , Sobrepeso , Nutrição da Criança , Insuficiência de Crescimento , Fantasia , Banho de Sol , Inteligência Emocional , Comportamento Sedentário , Mídia Audiovisual , Obesidade Infantil , Aplicativos Móveis , Habilidades Sociais , Coragem , Fatores Sociológicos , Ajustamento Emocional , Alfabetização , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento , Transtorno da Fluência com Início na Infância , Jogos Recreativos , Uso do Telefone Celular , Frustração , Transtorno de Adição à Internet , Interação Social , COVID-19 , Dependência de Tecnologia , Felicidade , Desamparo Aprendido , Passatempos , Maternidades , Hipertensão , Imaginação , Individualidade , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Aprendizagem , Deficiências da Aprendizagem , Atividades de Lazer , Estilo de Vida , Relações Mãe-Filho , Atividade Motora , Comunicação não VerbalRESUMO
Many successful dentists and doctors enjoy a wide variety of hobbies, including music. Some are avid listeners; others play instruments as amateurs or even professionals; sometimes they sing. A few are recording artists. Their interests might be classical or modern, including jazz. This paper examines the musical lives of a few general practitioners, hospital dentists and academics in the United Kingdom. Clearly striving for success in one's profession leaves room for other activities.
Assuntos
Odontólogos , Passatempos , Reino Unido , MúsicaRESUMO
Self-esteem is a way of coping with stress for cancer patients and this improves their quality of life. It was aimed to determine the relationship between type A personality traits and self-esteem and quality of life in women with breast cancer and to determine the effective factors. 154 women with breast cancer and 78 healthy women were included. Bortner's Rating scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem scale, and EORTC QOL-C30 scale were used. The relationship between the presence of hobbies, self-esteem, quality of life, and personality type was examined. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher's Exact, and Spearman Rank correlation tests were performed. Independent factors affecting personality type, self-esteem, and quality of life were determined by multivariate logistic (binary) regression analysis. The p < 0.05 value was significant in the SPSS v19 program. There was no age difference between the patients (54 ± 11 years) and the control group (42 ± 8 years) (p = 0.108). The rate of type A personality was 69% in patients and 58% in controls (p = 0.093). Similarly, the rate of high self-esteem was 93% in patients and 96% in controls (p = 0.098). Besides personality type and self-esteem, there was no relationship between personality type and quality of life in cancer patients (p = 0.960 and p = 0.946, respectively). A relationship was established between self-esteem and quality of life (p = 0.018) in patients. In patients with type A personality, hobbies providing socially active communication were common (p = 0.039), and had more than two hobbies (p = 0.015). Type A personality trait was independently effective on self-esteem (p = 0.046). Hobby orientation and the number of hobbies had independent effects on self-esteem (p = 0.032, p = 0.041), quality of life (respectively, p = 0.004, p = 0.007), and personality type (respectively, p = 0.014, p = 0.027). Hobbies that provide active social communication may have important effects on changes in personality traits, self-esteem, and quality of life in patients with breast cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Passatempos , Personalidade Tipo A , AutoimagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Line management tends to be associated with increased responsibility and accountability in the workplace and can be a challenging and high-pressured role. More resilient line managers are more likely to continue to perform despite work stressors. AIMS: This study aimed to assess the association of various coping strategies and resources on resilience levels amongst line managers working within a corporate office-based environment. METHODS: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was carried out over 4 weeks in 2020. The questionnaire probed demographic factors and the use of strategies and resources which may enhance resilience. Resilience was assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. RESULTS: On regression analysis, resilience tended to increase with increasing years of line management. When each strategy/resource was considered separately and adjusted for the number of years of line management, exercise outside of work (B, 0.302; 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 0.109 to 0.495), hobbies/interests (B, 0.252; 95% CIs, 0.095 to 0.410) and socializing (B, 0.204; 95% CIs, 0.042 to 0.367) were all significant predictors of resilience. CONCLUSIONS: The key coping strategies and resources that had the strongest association with resilience amongst office-based line managers were those that related to their personal lives, with exercise being of particular importance. This study highlights the importance of emphasizing work-life balance and lifestyle factors within workplace manager training and resilience programmes, as well as in the occupational health clinic. Additional support and health promotion for managers in their first few years of management responsibility may also be beneficial.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Passatempos , Equilíbrio Trabalho-VidaRESUMO
The study of mental load is an emerging research topic in the field of sport sciences. In the sport of chess, there is a need to understand the mental demands of the sport of chess in order to manage training loads. The present study aimed to analyze the electrical brain pattern of an elite chess player during different chess games: 15 + 10, blindfold 15 + 10, lightning game, and problem-solving chess tasks. The participant was a male 33-year-old chess player with 2562 points of ELO and more than 26 years of chess experience, training between 3 and 4 h a day. The 15 + 10 game consisted of 15 min + 10 s increment per move. In the blindfold game, the participant cannot see the positions of the pieces and does not touch them. In the lightning game, the participant played four consecutive one minute game. In addition, two high-level, two low-level, and two medium-level chess problems were performed. Electroencephalographic (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) responses were measured to assess the electrical brain pattern and autonomic modulation respectively. The participant won both games at 15 + 10 (normal and blindfold), lost three and drew one of the four lightning games, solved the two low-level and the two medium-level problems and solved one of the two high-level problems. Although in both games the player achieved victory the average player move quality measured with both pure analysis and analysis with additional limitations were lower in 15 + 10 blindfold game than in 15 + 10 game. Increments in theta and alpha power spectrums can be observed during the most demanding chess games (blindfold chess, lightning game, and the chess problem at difficult- level). Furthermore, the highest alpha power spectrum values can be observed during blindfold chess. In conclusion, this is the first study investigating the EEG pattern of a International Chess Grandmaster during a blindfold chess game. We found that in the chess games where lower performance is exhibited, theta and alpha power spectrums increased.
Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Eletroencefalografia , Fadiga Mental , Adulto , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca , Passatempos , Humanos , Masculino , Neurofisiologia , Resolução de ProblemasRESUMO
Studies of communities that produce knowledge about the natural world have largely focused on groups working with or for academic scientists and conforming to the epistemic values of academic knowledge production. This paper details a community that produces natural knowledge outside of those parameters. The reef hobbyist community, a group that works with aquariums as a form of non-professional leisure, has developed historical narratives, publishing standards, and recognized forms of expertise that are not shared by academic scientists. However, their goal is to produce knowledge about coral systems and their hobby has resulted in a wealth of knowledge about coral husbandry. In this paper, I identify the structure of this community, highlight several prominent groups that make up the network of reef hobbyists, and trace the ways that they produce knowledge about the marine environment through their actions. This paper contributes to discussions about diverse ways of knowing and differing forms of knowledge production in the history and philosophy of science. By examining the history and practices of a well-developed knowledge community outside of academic science, I hope to call attention to the ways that philosophers and historians have centered academic science and its structure and use of knowledge, even in conversations about non-professional knowledge producers. This paper pushes scholars to think more deeply about the way knowledge is developed in non-academic groups.
Assuntos
Antozoários , Passatempos , Animais , Conhecimento , Filosofia/história , EditoraçãoRESUMO
ObjectiveãSocial activities play an important role in the maintenance of health and well-being of the older adults. The aim of this study was to identify characteristics of the rural older adults who do not participate by type of social activities.MethodsãThis survey examined 1,537 older adults randomly selected at a sampling rate of 0.5% from among those living in Toyama prefecture of Japan, in 2014. Of the total, 947 ambulatory older adults living in their own homes were analyzed using Poisson regression. Results were presented as prevalence ratio (PR). The level of statistical significance was set at P<0.05 (two-sided test).ResultsãThe participants included 426 men (mean age 73.9 ± 6.5 years) and 521 women (mean age 74.8 ± 7.0 years).ãIn terms of work, both men and women did not work at an older age (men PR 1.15 over 75 years old, women PR 1.11 over 70 years old). Men did not work during outpatient treatment (PR 1.09) and the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R) 21-25 points (PR 1.09) and 20 points or below. Women who did not drink alcohol did not work (PR 0.93).ãBoth men and women did not participate in residential activities at older ages (men PR 1.12 over 70 years old, women PR 1.11 over 80 years old). Men with 20 points or below on HDS-R (PR 1.16) and with work history of only physical labor (PR 1.12), and women living with family (PR 0.92) were less likely to participate in residential activities.ãIn the hobby group, both men and women with work history of only physical labor were less likely to participate (men PR 1.05, women PR 1.08). Men with education of 9 years or below (PR 1.05) and women living alone (PR 1.07) were less likely to participate. Hobby groups did not relate with age and cognitive decline.ãIn the senior citizens' club, men and women who did not drink alcohol were less likely to participate (men PR 0.91, women PR 0.89). Men who smoked (PR 1.06), men with psychological symptoms (PR 1.09), and women with 20 points or below on HDS-R (PR 1.13) were less likely to participate.ConclusionãFactors related to non-participation of older adults in rural cities depended on the type of social activities. In order to promote social activity among the older adults in rural cities, it is important to consider specific measures taking into account the type of social activities.