Functional outcomes of pediatric laparoscopic pyeloplasty: post-operative functional recovery is superior in infants compared to older children.

AIM: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) is less popular and considered less successful in infants compared to older children. There are few reports analyzing the functional results of LP in relation to age of surgery. The aim of this paper is to compare the functional results of LP in infants (group 1) with children over 1 year of age (group 2). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data of all children undergoing LP between August 2016 and July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed for patient details and follow-up. Only children (n = 135) with at least 1-year follow-up and completed post-operative ultrasound and diuretic renogram were included. All children underwent pre-operative and post-operative ultrasound and diuretic renogram; pre-operative, operative and post-operative parameters were compared between both groups. Statistical analysis was done using software; Mann-Whitney U test, Student t test, and Fisher's exact test were applied. RESULTS: There were 71 infants (group 1) and 64 children > 1 year (group 2). Pre-operatively, all kidneys had SFU grade 3 or 4 HDN and 131/135 kidneys had a renal pelvic APD > 20 mm; all kidneys had unequivocal obstruction on DR. At surgery, the preferred drainage method was intra-operative antegrade placement of a JJ stent in 68 (96%) group 1 and 63 (98%) group 2 children. The remaining 4 cases (3 group 1, 1 group 2) had a nephrostomy with trans-anastomotic external stent placement, because the JJ stent could not be negotiated into the bladder. The demographic data and comparison of pre- and post-operative parameters between both groups are summarized in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. Group 1 had significantly more children with antenatal diagnosis of HDN (87% vs 56%, p = 0.0005). The 36 children with antenatal diagnosis in group 2 were initially followed expectantly; the indication for pyeloplasty was deterioration of SRF on serial DR, urinary infection, and pain, in 13, 14, and 9 children, respectively. The operating time was significantly longer in group 2 (p = 0.0001). There was no difference in the success of LP or complication rate in both groups. Group 2 had significantly more children with extrinsic obstruction (1.4% vs 17%, p = 0.001). All children underwent post-operative US and DR; a significant reduction in hydronephrosis (APD) on follow-up was noted in both groups (p = 0.0001). The mean pre-operative SRF in both groups was comparable (p = 0.088). The mean SRF in both groups improved significantly after LP; however, the mean post-operative SRF was significantly higher in group 1 when compared to group 2 (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, group 1 had significantly more kidneys demonstrating > 10% increase in SRF after LP (53% vs 26%, p = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: The safety profile and success of LP in infants was comparable to older children. Infant LP took shorter time to perform, while older children had increased incidence of extrinsic obstruction. Infant kidneys demonstrated better functional improvement than older children after LP. These findings should encourage more surgeons to utilize LP for pyeloplasty even in infants.

Enhanced recovery program for minimally invasive and vaginal urogynecologic surgery.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Enhanced recovery protocols (ERPs) are evidenced-based interventions designed to standardize perioperative care and expedite recovery to baseline functional status after surgery. There remains a paucity of data addressing the effect of ERPs on pelvic reconstructive surgery patients. METHODS: An ERP was implemented at our institution including: patient counseling, carbohydrate loading, avoidance of opioids, goal-directed fluid resuscitation, immediate postoperative feeding and early ambulation. Patients undergoing elective pelvic reconstructive surgery before and after implementation of the ERP were identified in this cohort study. RESULTS: One hundred eighteen patients underwent pelvic reconstructive surgery within the ERP compared with 76 historic controls. Reductions were seen in length of hospital stay (29.9 vs. 27.9 h, p = 0.04), total morphine equivalents (37.4 vs. 19.4 mg, p < 0.01) and total intravenous fluids administered (2.7 l vs. 1.5 l, p < 0.0001). Hospital discharges before noon doubled (32.9 vs. 60.2%, p < 0.01). More patients in the ERP group ambulated on the day of surgery (17.1 vs. 73.7%, p < 0.01) and ambulated at least two times the day following surgery (34.2 vs. 72.9%, p < 0.01). No differences were seen in average pain scores (highest pain score 7.39 vs. 7.37, p = 0.95), hospital readmissions (3.9 vs. 3.4%, p = 0.84), or postoperative complications (6.58 vs. 8.47%, p = 0.79). Patient satisfaction significantly improved. ERP was not associated with an increase in 30-day total hospital costs. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of ERP for pelvic reconstructive surgery patients was associated with a reduced length of hospital stay, improved patient satisfaction, and decreased administration of intravenous fluids and opioids without an increase in complications, readmissions, or hospital costs.

[Improved rehabilitation after major urological surgery : what role for the general practitioner ?] / Réhabilitation améliorée après chirurgie urologique majeure : quel rôle pour le médecin généraliste ?

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal concept aiming to reduce surgical stress and prevent postoperative complications. Once adapted to urologic patients in 2013, this protocol evolves continuously and many international centers have now implemented it. This article resumes ERAS key principles for general practitioners as they can have a significant impact on patient's optimization before surgery.

Le protocole de réhabilitation améliorée après chirurgie est un concept de prise en charge multimodale visant à anticiper puis gérer de manière optimale le stress chirurgical inhérent à toute intervention. Adapté depuis 2013 à l'urologie, il évolue régulièrement et les centres internationaux qui appliquent ses principes sont toujours plus nombreux. Avant une chirurgie majeure, il existe un potentiel d'optimisation d'un patient auquel le généraliste peut participer activement. Cet article résume à l'attention d'un médecin généraliste les principaux points constituant cette démarche.

[Use of Vitaprost (tablets and rectal suppositories) for patients rehabilitation after invasive diagnostic urological interventions].

The successful experience with the drug Vitaprost in the treatment of chronic prostatitis, and the emerging research evidence on the use of the drug in the treatment of urinary disorders served as a prerequisite to conduct a prospective study comparing the effectiveness of the combined application of rectal suppositories Vitaprost forte and Vitaprost tablets (production of JSC Nizhpharm, STADA CIS) in the rehabilitation of patients who had undergone invasive urologic procedures. 90 patients who underwent prostate biopsy (63) and urethrocystoscopy with bladder biopsy (27) were followed from January to July 2015. All patients were randomized to the control group (n=50) and the intervention group (n=40). Patients assigned to the control group were treated with standard anti-inflammatory therapy, and intervention group besides standard therapy received rectal suppositories Vitaprost forte for 10 days with the transition to Vitaprost pills also for 10 days. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by comparing the subjective and objective measures before and after biopsy in both groups, and rates of complications and adverse events. The both formulations of Vitaprost were well tolerated. Objective parameters (Qmax, prostate volume) in groups at 1 month did not differ significantly. However, there was a statistically significant greater reduction in subjective indicators (I-PSS, QoL) in the study group (12,4+/-1,1 and 2,1+/-0,4 points, respectively) compared with the control group (15,8+/-1,9 and 3,2+/-0,6 points, respectively). Also, patients treated with Vitaprost, had significantly higher scores in IIEF and Well-Being Index on a visual analog scale. Vitaprost use resulted in reduced risk of acute urinary retention and frequency of hematospermia. To conclude, the combined use of Vitaprost forte and Vitaprost in the rehabilitation of patients after invasive urologic interventions is beneficial in terms of improvement of patients subjective and objective indicators.

Conservative laparoscopic management of urinary tract endometriosis (UTE): surgical outcome and long-term follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate surgical outcome and long-term follow-up of conservative laparoscopic management of urinary tract endometriosis (UTE). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary-care university hospital. PATIENT(S): Women with laparoscopic diagnosis and histologic confirmation of urinary bladder or ureteral endometriosis who agreed to undergo long-term follow-up after laparoscopic management. INTERVENTION(S): (1) Laparoscopic partial cystectomy for bladder endometriosis. (2) Uretric endometriosis laparoscopically managed by: uretrolysis only; segmental ureterectomy and terminoterminal anastomosis; or segmental ureterectomy and uretrocystoneostomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Variables assessed were: preoperative findings, operative details (type and site of UTE, type of intervention, perioperative complications), and long-term follow-up (persistence/recurrence of preoperative urinary symptoms, if present, and anatomic relapse of the disease). RESULT(S): Mean operating time was 152.8+/-41.7 minutes. Mean drop in hemoglobin was 1.9+/-1.6 g/dL. Average hospital stay was 6 days. After surgery, 11 women had fever>38 degrees C and four presented transient urinary retention. During a follow-up period of 36 months, endometriosis recurred in eight patients with no evidence of bladder or ureteral reinvolvement, and there was a significant reduction in the mean score of dysuria and suprapubic pain maintained during the whole follow-up period. CONCLUSION(S): Results of long-term follow-up demonstrate significant reduction in preoperative symptoms with no anatomic relapse.

Improvement of quality of life, anxiety and depression after surgery in patients with stress urinary incontinence: results of a longitudinal short-term follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of incontinence surgery and pelvic floor training on quality of life (QOL), anxiety and depression in patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHODS: In a prospective longitudinal study, females with proven SUI were asked to complete a set of standardized questionnaires (sociodemographic data sheet, FACT-G, I-QOL, HADS) before and eight weeks after treatment. The comparison groups consisted of a surgical treatment group and a conservative group that underwent supervised pelvic floor training for eight weeks. RESULTS: From the 67 female patients included in the study a number of 53 patients completed both assessment time points (mean age 57.4, mean years of SUI 7.6). The surgical treatment group consisted of 32 patients of which 21 patients received a modified Burch colposuspension and 11 patients a tension-free mid-urethral tape suspension. The 21 patients in the conservative group attended eight once-weekly supervised pelvic floor training sessions. After treatment the surgical intervention group showed a significantly higher improvement of QOL (FACT-G and I-QOL) and anxiety (HADS) than the pelvic floor training group. CONCLUSION: For female patients with SUI surgery yielded a better outcome than pelvic floor training with regard to quality of life and anxiety.

Efficacy, safety and hospital costs of tension-free vaginal tape and pubovaginal sling in the surgical treatment of stress incontinence.

AIM: The efficacy, safety and hospital costs of the tension-free vaginal tape procedure were compared with the pubovaginal sling operation. METHODS: A total of 60 women urodynamically diagnosed as having stress or mixed urinary incontinence were operated on using either the tension-free vaginal tape or pubovaginal sling operation in a prospective manner. Preoperative characteristics of the women were not significantly different for the groups. The women were followed for up to 24 months. RESULTS: In the tension-free vaginal tape group, the operation time was shorter, numbers of analgesics postoperatively required were less and hospital charges were less expensive compared to those in the pubovaginal sling operation (P < 0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a marginal significant difference (P = 0.059) in the objective cumulative cure rates at 24 months between the groups receiving the former (70.3%) and latter (48.3%) procedures. Subjective cure rates were not significantly different (P = 0.101). In both groups, an improvement in quality of life was significant and surgical complications were identical. De novo urge incontinence developed in 6% and 10% in the former and latter, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The tension-free tape was significantly superior to the pubovaginal sling in terms of operation time, postoperative pain, and hospital charges, but not in cure rates. A longer follow up with a larger sample size is necessary to draw definite conclusions.

Elastin content of the renal pelvis and ureter determines post-pyeloplasty recovery.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the collagen-to-smooth muscle tissue matrix ratio and percentage of elastin in the renal pelvis, ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) and ureter, and compared these findings with the degree of obstruction, patient age and post-pyeloplasty renal recovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed histological sections from 75 patients with UPJ obstruction. Nine patients were excluded owing to bilateral UPJ obstruction and an improper specimen. We divided the specimen obtained from pyeloplasty into 3 parts, namely the renal pelvis above the obstruction, the obstructed UPJ portion and the ureter below the obstruction. To examine the collagen and smooth muscle, sections were stained using Masson's trichrome, and elastic van Giesson stain was used for elastin, smooth muscle and collagen. Collagen, smooth muscle and elastin populations were identified, and the tissue matrix ratio and percentage of elastin were calculated by color image analysis. RESULTS: In patients with lower ratios of collagen-to-smooth muscle in the UPJ proper hydronephrosis was more improved postoperatively (p = 0.049). In patients with a lower percentage of elastin in the renal pelvis, UPJ and ureter hydronephrosis was more improved postoperatively (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Because the UPJ portion was resected during pyeloplasty, the renal pelvis and the ureter remaining after pyeloplasty are likely to be related to improved hydronephrosis. A higher percentage of elastin in the renal pelvis and ureter contributes to inelasticity and low compliance, and results in a slower recovery from hydronephrosis after pyeloplasty.

Disfunción miccional postcirugía de incontinencia de orina femenina: análisis de 34 casos / Mictional dysfunction caused by Burch procedure in female stress incontinence: analysis of 34 cases

Uno de los principales esquemas de manejo de la IO femenina, actualmente, es la cirugía. Una proporción de mujeres persiste con alteraciones miccionales diversas luego de su aplicación, o las desarrollan de novo. Se presenta a un grupo de pacientes en esta condición. Análisis retrospectivo de informes urodinámicos de pacientes derivadas a la Unidad de Urodinamia de Clínica Las Condes, entre enero de 1998 y octubre 1999. Se seleccionaron los estudios de mujeres mayores de 15 años, que presentaron alguna disfunción miccional (preexistente o de novo) y que hubieran sido sometidas a cirugía de IO. Previo al examen urodinámico se realizó anamnesis por urólogo. Se revisan un total de 834 estudios urodinámicos, de los cuales 34 cumplen criterios: edad promedio de 55,5 años (33 a 88). Presentación clínica como IOE en 38 porciento, IO Mixta 32 por ciento, Obstructiva-irritativa sin IO(Ob/Irr) 2,5 por ciento y otras, 6 por ciento. Del total, un 38 por ciento había sido sometida a operación de Burch, 18 por ciento a plastías por vía vaginal, 32 por ciento a otros procedimientos (MMK, Burch por LPC, sling) y un 12 porciento a más de un tipo de cirugía de IO. De las pacientes con IOE pura (13 pacientes), 31 por ciento presentan algún tipo de inestabilidad, 38 por ciento confirman su IOE pura, y 15 porciento presentan IO tipo 3. Durante la fase miccional, el 77 por ciento es normal, un 15 por ciento con algún grado de UOB y un 8 por ciento con hipocontractibilidad del Detrusor. Del grupo que se presenta con sintomatología Ob/Irr pura (8 pacientes), el 37 por ciento presenta inestabilidad mientras que el 63 por ciento tiene fase de continencia normal. Durante la fase miccional, el 75 porciento muestra UOB, mientras que el 12 por ciento presenta hipocontractibilidad del Detrusor y el 12 porciento es normal. El grupo con sintomatología mixta (11 pacientes), presenta inestabilidad en el 73 por ciento, y la fase miccional está básicamente normal (aunque el 18 porcientotiene UOB). Desde el punto de vista de la técnica quirúrgica, los pacientes sometidos a Burch se presentaron con sintomatología mixta Ob/Irr, mientras que los pacientes con UOB pura correspondieron mayoritariamente a cirugía por vía vaginal o Burch laparoscópico (LPC).