RESUMO
Bioreactors are advanced biomanufacturing tools that have been widely used to develop various applications in the fields of health care and cellular agriculture. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of bioreactors to enhance the efficiency and scalability of these technologies. In cell therapy, bioreactors have been used to expand and differentiate cells into specialized cell types that can be used for transplantation or tissue regeneration. In cultured meat production, bioreactors offer a controlled and efficient means of producing meat without the need for animal farming. Bioreactors can support the growth of muscle cells by providing the necessary conditions for cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation, including the provision of oxygen and nutrients. This review article aims to provide an overview of the current state of bioreactor technology in both cell therapy and cultured meat production. It will examine the various bioreactor types and their applications in these fields, highlighting their advantages and limitations. In addition, it will explore the future prospects and challenges of bioreactor technology in these emerging fields. Overall, this review will provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners interested in using bioreactor technology to develop innovative solutions in the biomanufacturing of therapeutic cells and cultured meat.
Assuntos
Reatores Biológicos , Biotecnologia , Terapia Baseada em Transplante de Células e Tecidos , Produtos da Carne , Terapia Baseada em Transplante de Células e Tecidos/economia , Terapia Baseada em Transplante de Células e Tecidos/métodos , Produtos da Carne/economia , Biotecnologia/economia , Biotecnologia/métodos , Biotecnologia/tendências , Técnicas de Cultura de CélulasRESUMO
Food labelling is a tool to inform consumers about the specifications and characteristics of a product. Additionally, labels display information about traditionality and naturalness, of which the meaning is highly subjective. There is a paucity of research examining attributes both of tradition and naturalness. In this study, traditionality was assessed by a model that included temporal, geographical, know-how, and cultural components. Naturalness was evaluated based on bio/organic elements, 'free-from' claims, and natural ingredients. Therefore, a content analysis tool was developed to analyze and score labels of fermented meat products, which generated insights in the key label characteristics of tradition and naturalness. The degree of tradition and naturalness was the average of their subdimensions which were scored based on the displayed elements. A higher degree of tradition and naturalness was linked to higher prices. Fermented meat labels were found to be strongly embedded in 'authenticity', and less in naturalness, an element more attractive for private labels than for branded products.
Assuntos
Alimentos Fermentados , Rotulagem de Alimentos , Produtos da Carne/normas , Animais , Bélgica , Produtos Biológicos , Cultura , Marketing , Produtos da Carne/economiaRESUMO
A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model predicting the listeriosis risk related to the consumption of Ready- To- Eat (RTE) cooked meat products sliced at retail stores in Greece was developed. The probability of illness per serving assessed for 87 products available in the Greek market was found highly related to the nitrite concentration; products having a lower concentration showed a higher risk per serving. The predicted 95th percentiles of the annual listeriosis cases totaled 33 of which 13 cases were <65 years old and 20 cases ≥65 years old. The highest number of cases was predicted for mortadella, smoked turkey, boiled turkey and parizer, which were the most frequently consumed product categories. Two scenarios for assessing potential interventions to reduce the risk were tested: setting a use-by date of 14 days (these products have no use-by date based on current European Union legislation) and improving the temperature control during domestic storage. The two scenarios resulted in a decrease of the 95th and 99th percentiles of the total annual cases by 97% and 88%, respectively.
Assuntos
Fast Foods/microbiologia , Listeria monocytogenes/isolamento & purificação , Produtos da Carne/microbiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Galinhas , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor , Feminino , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/economia , Contaminação de Alimentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Grécia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Listeria monocytogenes/classificação , Listeria monocytogenes/genética , Listeria monocytogenes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Listeriose/epidemiologia , Listeriose/microbiologia , Masculino , Produtos da Carne/economia , Medição de Risco , PerusRESUMO
Livestock production is criticised for animal welfare conditions and its impact on the environment. Pasture-raised dual-purpose cattle may be able to provide an opportunity for more sustainable livestock production. Despite societal interest and substantial grazing opportunities in several regions of northern Europe, the market share of sustainably produced beef is currently low. This study investigated consumer preferences and willingness-to-pay for pasture-raised beef from dual-purpose cattle. Data were obtained from a hypothetical choice experiment (n = 513), attributing the type of husbandry (stable-based, pasture-raised, pasture-raised using nature conservation areas), breed (no description, single-purpose, dual-purpose), production method (conventional, organic), origin (locally produced, produced in Germany), and price (5.98, 11.98, 17.98, 23.98 /kg), and were analysed using random parameter logit modelling. The most important overall attribute was 'type of husbandry' followed by 'breed', indicating consumers' concerns for animal welfare and naturalness. Our analyses revealed a clear preference for pasture-raised dual-purpose cattle, demonstrating great market potential for animal welfare-friendly meat products.
Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Comportamento do Consumidor , Produtos da Carne/normas , Adulto , Idoso , Bem-Estar do Animal , Animais , Bovinos , Comportamento de Escolha , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Masculino , Produtos da Carne/economia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
This study optimized material use for making pressed pork hams (PPHs) using the least cost formulation program. Based on protein (P) content, different fat (2.5, 3.0, and 4.0P) and moisture (4.0P + 10, 4.0P + 15, 4.0P + 20, and 4.0P + 25) ratios were applied to make PPHs. Total expressible fluid, cooking loss, and purge loss were highest in PPHs formulated with 4.0P + 25 water (P < 0.05). With increasing fat ratio, lightness increased, but redness decreased (P < 0.05). Lipid oxidation was not affected by moisture ratio (P > 0.05). Hardness, gumminess, and adhesiveness decreased with increased fat and moisture (P < 0.05). PPH cost was reduced by fat and moisture. These results suggest that the formulations with 4.0P + 15 moisture, regardless of fat ratio, are recommended for PPHs due to their moderate cost and quality characteristics. In addition, greater cost savings can be expected by further subdividing raw material criteria for industrial applications.
Assuntos
Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Produtos da Carne/economia , Animais , Cor , Culinária , Gorduras na Dieta/análise , Manipulação de Alimentos/economia , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Produtos da Carne/análise , Proteínas de Carne/análise , SuínosRESUMO
This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance to the extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) in Escherichia coli isolates. The isolates were collected from retail meat products collected in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Our analyses involved the use of both selective and traditional culture methods; we also conducted genotype analyses using multiplex polymerase chain reactions. ESC-resistant (ESC-R) E. coli were detected in 33 of 559 samples (5.9%) using the traditional culture method, compared with 151 of 557 samples (27.1%) using the selective culture method. We recovered more isolates of ESC-R E. coli from poultry compared with beef and pork (P < 0.001). Multidrug resistance, extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL), and AmpC phenotypes were more common in chicken-derived isolates than other retail meat products (P < 0.001). From the 98 isolates examined, 76 isolates (77.6%) were positive for either ESBL and AmpC ß-lactamases or both. Among the 76 isolates, blaCMY-2 (78.9%), blaCTXM (46.1%), blaTEM (21.1%), and blaSHV (1.3%) genes were detected. Among the blaCTXM-producing isolates, blaCTXM-1, blaCTXM-2, and blaCTXM-9 phylogenetic groups were detected. ß-lactamase genes were more commonly detected in chicken-derived isolates compared with other meat types (P < 0.01). This study demonstrates the occurrence of ESBL- and AmpC-resistance genes in retail meat products in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. We found that selective culture significantly improved the recovery of ESC-R E. coli isolates from retail meat samples.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Produtos da Carne/microbiologia , beta-Lactamases/metabolismo , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Canadá , Bovinos , Cefalosporinas/farmacologia , Galinhas , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Escherichia coli/classificação , Escherichia coli/enzimologia , Escherichia coli/genética , Contaminação de Alimentos/economia , Humanos , Produtos da Carne/economia , Filogenia , Suínos , beta-Lactamases/genéticaRESUMO
Though the international trade in agricultural commodities is worth more than $1.6 trillion/year, we still have a poor understanding of the supply chains connecting places of production and consumption and the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of this trade. In this study, we provide a wall-to-wall subnational map of the origin and supply chain of Brazilian meat, offal, and live cattle exports from 2015 to 2017, a trade worth more than $5.4 billion/year. Brazil is the world's largest beef exporter, exporting approximately one-fifth of its production, and the sector has a notable environmental footprint, linked to one-fifth of all commodity-driven deforestation across the tropics. By combining official per-shipment trade records, slaughterhouse export licenses, subnational agricultural statistics, and data on the origin of cattle per slaughterhouse, we mapped the flow of cattle from more than 2,800 municipalities where cattle were raised to 152 exporting slaughterhouses where they were slaughtered, via the 204 exporting and 3,383 importing companies handling that trade, and finally to 152 importing countries. We find stark differences in the subnational origin of the sourcing of different actors and link this supply chain mapping to spatially explicit data on cattle-associated deforestation, to estimate the "deforestation risk" (in hectares/year) of each supply chain actor over time. Our results provide an unprecedented insight into the global trade of a deforestation-risk commodity and demonstrate the potential for improved supply chain transparency based on currently available data.
Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/economia , Comércio , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Internacionalidade , Animais , Brasil , Bovinos , Produtos da Carne/economia , Carne Vermelha/economiaRESUMO
In our study, we examined whether product characteristics indicated by food labels matter in purchasing decisions for sausage made from traditional Hungarian mangalica pork; and how much consumers are willing to pay for them. On the other hand, we also tried to measure whether any changes in consumers' preferences occurred in recent years. Two product characteristics (label of origin and different mangalica meat content) and two other factors (place of purchase and price) are examined in a discrete choice experiment based on stated preference data. According to our expectations, government-funded consumer campaigns in recent years have had an impact on consumers purchase of this traditional product, and they pay more attention to food labels, which can also be influenced by sociodemographic characteristics. Our results have been compared to a previous choice-model based research, investigating consumers' attitude towards similar mangalica pork products. Three different types of models (multinomial logit, random parameter logit, and latent class) are employed, from which two types of models account for the heterogeneity in preferences. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the advertisements promoting traditional meat consumption had only a partial effect on consumer attitudes. Consumers clearly prefer the label of origin indicating meat from registered animals and purchasing on the farmers' market, but according to the indication of the different mangalica meat content in the product, we have already reached conflicting results. Three consumer segments were identified: "price sensitive, loyal to label, label neutral" based on latent class model estimates.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Consumidor , Rotulagem de Alimentos , Preferências Alimentares , Carne de Porco/normas , Adulto , Animais , Comportamento de Escolha , Feminino , Humanos , Análise de Classes Latentes , Masculino , Produtos da Carne/economia , Produtos da Carne/normas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carne de Porco/economia , Inquéritos e Questionários , SuínosRESUMO
Cultured meats (CMs) are produced by in vitro culture of animal cells. Since the first CM burger patty was created in 2013, many companies have been founded to commercialize CM products. We discuss the meat focus and geographical spread of CM companies, the funding landscape, and challenges for commercialization.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Alimentos Fermentados/economia , Produtos da Carne/economia , Carne/economia , Animais , Humanos , Músculo Esquelético/citologia , Músculo Esquelético/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
With the aim of obtaining information to establish an import risk assessment on African swine fever (ASF) and other transboundary animal diseases (TADs) into Japan, a questionnaire survey was conducted between 1 August and 20 September 2019 on air travellers arriving into Japan from China. There were 248 responses with 2.8 % of respondents illegally importing pork products. The quantity imported per traveller varied between 250 g and 2 kg. Concerning the travellers' perception in regard to the difficulty of importing a pork product in their luggage, 32 respondents (12.9 %) considered it very easy or rather easy and 216 (87.1 %) very difficult or rather difficult. In regard to the recognition of respondents of the illegality of importing pork products into Japan, seven respondents (2.8 %) did not consider this practice to be illegal whilst 241 (97.2 %) had some idea of the illegal nature of this behaviour. The regression analysis revealed that the practice of illegal importation of pork products was significantly affected by the level of difficulty perception held by the traveller (P < 0.001) and that the difficulty perception is significantly affected by the level of recognition of illegality by the traveller (P < 0.001). The result of this study will not only provide useful data in developing a model to assess the probability of introduction of ASF and other TADs into Japan and other countries, but also in monitoring the effect of measures taken by the government to reduce the illegal importation of meat and meat products.
Assuntos
Aeronaves , Produtos da Carne/economia , Sus scrofa , Viagem/legislação & jurisprudência , Animais , China , JapãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Processed meats are associated with increased risk of colorectal and stomach cancers, but health and economic impacts of policies to discourage processed meats are not well established. This paper aims to evaluate the cost effectiveness of implementing tax and warning labels on processed meats. METHODS: A probabilistic cohort-state transition model was developed in 2018, including lifetime and short-term horizons, healthcare, and societal perspectives, and 3% discount rates for costs and health outcomes. The model simulated 32 subgroups by age, gender, and race/ethnicity from the U.S. adult population and integrated nationally representative 2011-2014 data on processed meat consumption, with etiologic effects of processed meat consumption on cancer incidence, medical and indirect societal costs, and policy costs. RESULTS: Over a lifetime, the 10% excise tax would prevent 77,000 cases of colorectal cancer (95% uncertainty interval=56,800, 107,000) and 12,500 cases of stomach cancer (95% uncertainty interval=6,880, 23,900), add 593,000 quality-adjusted life years (95% uncertainty interval=419,000, 827,000), and generate net savings of $2.7 billion from a societal perspective, including $1.1 billion healthcare costs saved. The warning label policy would avert 85,400 cases of colorectal cancer (95% uncertainty interval=56,600, 141,000) and 15,000 cases of stomach cancer (95% uncertainty interval=6,860, 34,500), and add 660,000 quality-adjusted life years (95% uncertainty interval=418,000, 1,070,000), with net savings of $4.5 billion from a societal perspective, including $1.3 billion healthcare costs saved. In subgroup analyses, greater health and economic benefits accrued to (1) younger subpopulations, (2) subpopulations with greater cancer risk, and (3) those with higher baseline processed meat consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The model shows that implementing tax or warning labels on processed meats would be a cost-saving strategy with substantial health and economic benefits. The findings should encourage policy makers to consider nutrition-related policies to reduce cancer burden.
Assuntos
Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Análise Custo-Benefício , Produtos da Carne/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Política Nutricional/economia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Produtos da Carne/economia , Produtos da Carne/normas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Econômicos , Neoplasias/economia , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/etiologia , Probabilidade , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Spanish consumers have a strong preference for Iberian meat products, as they perceive them to be of extra sensorial and nutritional quality. The production of these meat products depends on multiple variables, such as genetics, livestock production systems and, above all, the feed provided. The aim of this paper is to study the preferences of Spanish consumers for the various types of Iberian dry-cured ham, analysing whether they are willing to pay the premium required by the highest-quality products. The methodological approach combined a sensory analysis and a choice-based conjoint experiment with obtained through tasting sessions in Extremadura (SW of Spain). Findings of the sensory test have shown that there are significant differences in odour, texture and taste, explained mainly by the type of feed pigs were fed. The main results of the choice experiment have also shown that the type of feed is the most preferred attribute by consumers, in line with the sensory analysis.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Consumidor , Produtos da Carne/normas , Carne de Porco/normas , Adulto , Ração Animal , Animais , Dieta/veterinária , Feminino , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Rotulagem de Alimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Produtos da Carne/economia , Espanha , SuínosRESUMO
The consumption pattern of salami has been subjected to relatively widespread attention by academician, but few studies concerning the health implications of salami consumption have been published. Since additives and product origins represent important attributes for salami, the objective of this paper is twofold: (i) to explore the role of two additives, salt and nitrates, in addition to the Italian origin, in relation to consumer attitudes and preferences towards salami, (ii) to segment consumer behaviour by assessing their willingness-to-buy salami, in order to verify whether different purchasing patterns can be identified within the different social groups. The analysis was conducted on two different levels. The first was developed through a conjoint analysis, while the second implemented a frequency analysis based on a bivariate analysis. Results show the price as one of the most important variables in identifying the quality level of salami, in addition, certain socio-economic segments of consumers show a significant propensity to pay an additional price for salami with a low salt content and is nitrate-free.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Consumidor/economia , Aditivos Alimentares/economia , Produtos da Carne/economia , Adolescente , Adulto , Atitude , Comércio , Feminino , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Nitratos/economia , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta/economia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of the present work was to assess consumers' willingness to pay for reformulated frankfurters in the context of the implementation of nutritional warnings. Images of frankfurter packages were designed using a fractional factorial design with 5 2-level variables: brand type, sodium reduction, saturated fat reduction, fibre claim and cholesterol claim. An online study with 548 consumers was implemented with Chilean participants, who were asked to indicate how much they would be willing to pay for each of the packages. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and hierarchical cluster analysis. Willingness to pay was significantly affected by brand type and sodium and fat reduction, whereas fibre and cholesterol claim did not have a significant effect. These results suggest that in the context of the implementation of nutritional warnings reformulation of processed meat products should focus on the reduction of key nutrients, although consumers may not be willing to pay a higher price for reformulated products.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Consumidor/economia , Rotulagem de Alimentos , Produtos da Carne/economia , Adulto , Chile , Colesterol na Dieta , Informação de Saúde ao Consumidor , Gorduras na Dieta , Fibras na Dieta , Feminino , Preferências Alimentares/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Valor Nutritivo , Sódio na Dieta , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The International Agency for Research on Cancer considers processed meat to be carcinogenic. Further, processed meat is associated with diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and all-cause mortality. We aimed to assess health gains of four processed meat taxation scenarios in comparison to the reference and a minimum-risk-exposure-scenario. To estimate the shift in processed meat intake following respective taxes, we calculated price elasticities for processed meat. DYNAMO-HIA was used to dynamically project policy-attributable differences in the prevalence of diseases and deaths. In projection year 10, an extra 9300 males and 4500 females would be alive under the lowest tax scenario (4% tax), compared to the reference scenario. Prevalent IHD, diabetes and colorectal cancer cases in males would be 8400, 9500 and 500 lower, respectively, and there would be 4600, 7800 and 300 less cases in females. Of the respective death and disease reduction that would be achieved under the minimum-risk-exposure-scenario, the lowest tax reaches 2.84% (colorectal cancer in males) to 6.02% (diabetes in females). Under the highest tax scenario (33.3% tax), an extra 76,700 males and 37,100 females would be alive, compared to the reference scenario. Prevalent IHD, diabetes and colorectal cancer cases would be 70,800, 77,900 and 4900 lower in males and 29,900, 48,900 and 2300 lower in females, which represents 27.84% (colorectal cancer in males) to 37.76% (diabetes in females) of the maximal preventable death and disease burden. Further research needs to examine to what extent these health benefits are outweighed by a simultaneous tax-induced decrease in fish intake.
Assuntos
Comércio , Avaliação do Impacto na Saúde , Produtos da Carne/economia , Modelos Econômicos , Saúde da População , Impostos/economia , Animais , Comércio/economia , Diabetes Mellitus/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Alemanha , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Mortalidade/tendênciasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The consumption of red and processed meat has been associated with increased mortality from chronic diseases, and as a result, it has been classified by the World Health Organization as carcinogenic (processed meat) and probably carcinogenic (red meat) to humans. One policy response is to regulate red and processed meat consumption similar to other carcinogens and foods of public health concerns. Here we describe a market-based approach of taxing red and processed meat according to its health impacts. METHODS: We calculated economically optimal tax levels for 149 world regions that would account for (internalize) the health costs associated with ill-health from red and processed meat consumption, and we used a coupled modelling framework to estimate the impacts of optimal taxation on consumption, health costs, and non-communicable disease mortality. Health impacts were estimated using a global comparative risk assessment framework, and economic responses were estimated using international data on health costs, prices, and price elasticities. FINDINGS: The health-related costs to society attributable to red and processed meat consumption in 2020 amounted to USD 285 billion (sensitivity intervals based on epidemiological uncertainty (SI), 93-431), three quarters of which were due to processed meat consumption. Under optimal taxation, prices for processed meat increased by 25% on average, ranging from 1% in low-income countries to over 100% in high-income countries, and prices for red meat increased by 4%, ranging from 0.2% to over 20%. Consumption of processed meat decreased by 16% on average, ranging from 1% to 25%, whilst red meat consumption remained stable as substitution for processed meat compensated price-related reductions. The number of deaths attributable to red and processed meat consumption decreased by 9% (222,000; SI, 38,000-357,000), and attributable health costs decreased by 14% (USD 41 billion; SI, 10-57) globally, in each case with greatest reductions in high and middle-income countries. INTERPRETATION: Including the social health cost of red and processed meat consumption in the price of red and processed meat could lead to significant health and environmental benefits, in particular in high and middle-income countries. The optimal tax levels estimated in this study are context-specific and can complement the simple rules of thumb currently used for setting health-motivated tax levels.
Assuntos
Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Produtos da Carne/economia , Modelos Econômicos , Impostos/economia , HumanosRESUMO
This research evaluated the utilization of winter mushrooms as a replacement for phosphate in emulsion-type sausages. Winter mushroom powder (WMP) was added to the sausages at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% (w/w), and phosphate was added at 0.3% as a positive control. The WMP additions above 1.0% increased the pH of meat batter and efficiently inhibited the exudation of fat from the sausages (pâ¯<â¯0.05). Lipid oxidation of sausages was inhibited by the addition of WMP (pâ¯<â¯0.05). On the other hand, the addition of phosphate and WMP provided different instrumental texture properties. However, no adverse effects were observed with respect to the color and sensory properties of the sausages containing WMP, except for that containing 2.0% WMP. Therefore, this research indicates that WMP can effectively replace phosphate in meat products, and that the most effective addition level may be 1.0% WMP.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Emulsificantes/química , Flammulina/química , Alimentos em Conserva/análise , Produtos da Carne/análise , Animais , Antioxidantes/efeitos adversos , Fenômenos Químicos , Comportamento do Consumidor , Gorduras na Dieta/análise , Gorduras na Dieta/economia , Emulsificantes/efeitos adversos , Emulsões , Flammulina/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Preferências Alimentares , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Alimentos em Conserva/economia , Liofilização , Humanos , Produtos da Carne/economia , Oxirredução , Fosfatos/efeitos adversos , Fosfatos/química , Pigmentos Biológicos/análise , Pigmentos Biológicos/química , Refrigeração , República da Coreia , Estações do Ano , Sensação , Sus scrofaRESUMO
Since the 1970s, in some European countries rabbit meat production has progressively become a highly specialized industry, which has made Europe the second (after China) largest rabbit meat producer in the world. However, the industry is currently facing a critical period due to structural weaknesses, progressive and constant reductions in consumption, and raising criticism related to welfare conditions and other ethical issues. This trend is questioning the future of the rabbit meat industry, which could lead to the loss of knowledge and technical expertise acquired over decades of major investments and research efforts (a valuable cultural and professional heritage for future generations). In the present review, we provide an overview of the rabbit meat industry, market and value chain, we depict consumer's attitude towards rabbit meat, highlighting strengths and weaknesses, and factors driving their current purchase behavior. Finally, we will attempt to outline possible strategies to ensure a sustainable future for the production of rabbits for commercial meat purposes.
Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos , Comportamento do Consumidor , Preferências Alimentares , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Carne , Modelos Econômicos , Músculo Esquelético/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Criação de Animais Domésticos/economia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/ética , Criação de Animais Domésticos/tendências , Bem-Estar do Animal/economia , Bem-Estar do Animal/ética , Bem-Estar do Animal/tendências , Animais , Comportamento do Consumidor/economia , Dieta Saudável/economia , Dieta Saudável/ética , Dieta Saudável/etnologia , Dieta Saudável/tendências , Rotulagem de Alimentos , Preferências Alimentares/ética , Preferências Alimentares/etnologia , Alimentos Orgânicos/efeitos adversos , Alimentos Orgânicos/economia , Humanos , Carne/efeitos adversos , Carne/economia , Produtos da Carne/efeitos adversos , Produtos da Carne/economia , Coelhos , Crescimento SustentávelRESUMO
The growth of Clostridium perfringens from spore inocula was studied in sous vide cooked ground beef with added 0 to 3% grape seed extract (GSE). C. perfringens did not grow at 4⯰C with or without GSE present. Lag time (LT) was 95â¯h in control samples at 15⯰C, whereas 1-3% GSE addition significantly (pâ¯<â¯.05) extended LT to 244â¯h or longer. Generation time (GT) in 3% GSE added beef was similar to that of control (19â¯h, 3% GSE versus 18â¯h, control) at 15⯰C. At 20⯰C, GT was 1.5â¯h in samples without GSE; however, 1-3% GSE addition extended GT about 2-3 folds (pâ¯<â¯.05). Lag time at 20⯰C was 23â¯h in control samples, while LT was 40-59â¯h in samples containing GSE. Interestingly, GSE did not affect LT at 25⯰C; however, significantly (pâ¯<â¯.05) longer GT was observed in 3% GSE added samples than the other sample groups. Additionally, GSE from 1 to 3% in beef extended the period needed to reach 6 log cfu/g at 15 or 20⯰C, while 3% GSE was required at 25⯰C. The findings suggest that GSE exhibits concentration and temperature dependent inhibitory effect on growth of C. perfringens in sous vide cooked ground beef. Grape seed extract can be used to extend the shelf-life and ensure the microbiological safety of sous vide cooked meat products.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/química , Clostridium perfringens/fisiologia , Culinária , Fast Foods/microbiologia , Conservantes de Alimentos/química , Extrato de Sementes de Uva/química , Produtos da Carne/microbiologia , Algoritmos , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Carga Bacteriana , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Bacterianos , Bovinos , Clostridium perfringens/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Clostridium perfringens/isolamento & purificação , Fast Foods/efeitos adversos , Fast Foods/economia , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Produtos da Carne/efeitos adversos , Produtos da Carne/economia , Viabilidade Microbiana , Refrigeração , Especificidade da Espécie , Esporos Bacterianos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Esporos Bacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Esporos Bacterianos/fisiologia , TemperaturaRESUMO
The effects of ß-glucans (ßG) in beef emulsions with carrageenan and starch were evaluated using an optimal mixture modeling system. The best mathematical models to describe the cooking loss, color, and textural profile analysis (TPA) were selected and optimized. The cubic models were better to describe the cooking loss, color, and TPA parameters, with the exception of springiness. Emulsions with greater levels of ßG and starch had less cooking loss (<1%), intermediate L* (>54 and <62), and greater hardness, cohesiveness and springiness values. Subsequently, during the optimization phase, the use of carrageenan was eliminated. The optimized emulsion contained 3.13⯱â¯0.11% ßG, which could cover the intake daily of ßG recommendations. However, the hardness of the optimized emulsion was greater (60,224⯱â¯1025â¯N) than expected. The optimized emulsion had a homogeneous structure and normal thermal behavior by DSC and allowed for the manufacture of products with high amounts of ßG and desired functional attributes.