Visual perspective-taking ability in 7- and 12-month-old infants.

Understanding how we see the world is different from how other people see it is a crucial part of social cognition and is known as visual perspective-taking. Although previous studies have demonstrated that 14-month-old infants have the capacity to compute the visual perspectives of others, it remains unknown whether infants under 12 months also have this ability. In this study, we modified a conventional gaze-following experimental setting in which one toy was placed in front of a model and was hidden by a barrier (Blocked Line of Sight Condition), and another toy was placed without a barrier (Clear Line of Sight Condition). We examined the visual perspective-taking abilities of 48 infants aged 7 and 12 months by measuring the infants' gaze shift towards the gaze-cued toy object with and without a barrier. The results demonstrated that 12-month-old infants could correctly follow a model's gaze if the model's line of sight was clear. In contrast, 7-month-old infants showed no evidence of such capacity. Our findings indicate that 12-month-old infants seem to have the capacity to compute the visual perspective of others.

The relationship between integrated pediatric psychology and primary care visit length, revenue, content over 24 months.

Introduction: Integrating behavioral health providers into pediatric primary care to provide behavioral health (BH) services is both effective and efficient; however, the impact of pediatric integrated services on the operational and financial outcomes of primary care provider (PCP) visits has not been thoroughly investigated. The present study examined whether length of practice integration predicts the relationship between BH content addressed in a PCP visit, visit length, and revenue generation. Method: A total of 1,209 pediatric encounters with 25 PCPs across 7 primary care offices in a predominantly rural health system were abstracted for the presence or absence of BH content, visit length, duration of integration, and revenue. χ2 analyses and the generalized linear model framework were used to address the study objectives. Results: Integration was associated with more PCP visits with a BH topic discussed at 6-11 months of integration but not at 14-24 months. Visits with a BH topic were longer than medical-only visits and shorter when a practice was integrated for 6-11 months but not at 14-24 months of integration. Public insurance and integration were associated with lower revenue generation per minute. Visit content was not associated with PCP revenue. Discussion: Results suggest a relationship between integration and the operational and financial outcomes of PCP visits. This study shows that initial efficiencies or improvements (e.g., time, cost, content) associated with integrating BH may be lost over time. Future studies should evaluate sustainability in relation to program impact. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Derivaciones al Equipo de psicopedagogía en el marco del Dispositivo de Admisión Interdisciplinaria del Área de 6 a 9 años de la Unidad de Salud Mental / Referrals to the Psychopedagogy Team in the framework of the Interdisciplinary Admission Device of the Area from 6 to 9 years of the Mental Health Unit

Proyecto de investigación de integrantes del tercer año de la Residencia de Psicopedagogía con sede en el Hospital de Niños Dr. R. Gutierrez, centrado en los interrogantes sobre la Admisión a la Unidad de Salud Mental del área de 6 a 9 años, de carácter multifamiliar e interdisciplinario. Se describen las características del Hospital, su población, la Unidad de Salud Mental y particularmente las actividades y prácticas cotidianas de las psicopedagogas; para luego analizar los criterios de los profesionales de este dispositivo para la evaluación psicopedagógica.

Derivaciones de profesionales de la salud al Equipo de Psicopedagogía del Hospital General Carlos G. Durand / Referrals from health professionals to the psychopedagogy team of the General Hospital Carlos G. Durand

Proyecto de investigación de residentes de tercer año de Psicopedagogia en el Hospital General de Agudos Carlos Durand, de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, centrado en el espacio de admisión, y en las expectativas de sus profesionales, al indicar admisión al Servicio de Psicopedagogía, en el período 2017-2019.

Psicopedagogía: criterios de derivación / Psychopedagogy: derivation criteria

Trabajo de investigación en el marco del Sistema de Residencias y Concurrencias del Ministerio de Salud de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, realizado por residentes de tercer año con sede en el Centro de Salud Comunitaria Nº 10. Se analizan los criterios que sostienen las psicopedagogas de segundo y tercer año de la residencia de Psicopedagogía, jefas e instructoras de la misma y psicopedagogas de planta que se desempeñan en las diferentes sedes de la residencia durante marzo de 2018 a junio de 2019, para indicar exclusivamente atención psicológica a niños de escolaridad primaria que se encuentran en diagnóstico psicopedagógico, los criterios para indicar exclusivamente el inicio de tratamiento psicopedagógico y los que sostienen las profesionales para proponer la atención en ambas disciplinas.

Emergency Organization of Child Psychiatric Care Following the Terrorist Attack on July 14, 2016, in Nice, France.

In the actual context of terrorism targeting children and families, it seems essential to describe different experiences of pediatric psychological emergency devices after such unexpected mass trauma. Here we testify our experience of the psychological emergency care setup dedicated to children and families during the first 48 hours after the terrorist attack of Nice, France, on July 14, 2016. Activated within the hour following the attack, the device included two child psychiatry teams turning over each day, receiving at least 163 individuals (99 children and 64 adults) within the first 2 days. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:144-146).

Historical Analysis: The Journal of Pediatric Psychology From 1976 to 2015.

Objective: To provide a historical analysis through the examination of trends in type of articles, content areas, and population groups across all issues of the Journal of Pediatric Psychology (JPP). Method: All articles published in JPP between the years 1976-2015 were coded based on article type (e.g., original research, meta-analysis), content code (e.g., adherence, primary care), and population code (e.g., oncology, chronic and recurrent pain). Descriptive statistics were calculated. Results: The overall top article types, content codes, and population codes are described as well as top codes for each decade. Overall, the majority of articles were classified as original research. Although some population and content codes varied over time, there were some areas that were consistently present throughout issues, including family systems, cognitive/intellectual functioning, pediatric oncology, and type 1 diabetes. Many topics selected for special issues and topics were consistent with top population and content codes. Conclusions: Findings indicate that most top areas have consistently been present in JPP over the 39-year period. The current historical analysis highlights these patterns as well as serves as a historical record for JPP.

Virtual Reality in Pediatric Psychology.

Virtual reality (VR) technologies allow for controlled simulations of affectively engaging background narratives. These virtual environments offer promise for enhancing emotionally relevant experiences and social interactions. Within this context, VR can allow instructors, therapists, neuropsychologists, and service providers to offer safe, repeatable, and diversifiable interventions that can benefit assessments and learning in both typically developing children and children with disabilities. Research has also pointed to VR's capacity to reduce children's experience of aversive stimuli and reduce anxiety levels. Although there are a number of purported advantages of VR technologies, challenges have emerged. One challenge for this field of study is the lack of consensus on how to do trials. A related issue is the need for establishing the psychometric properties of VR assessments and interventions. This review investigates the advantages and challenges inherent in the application of VR technologies to pediatric assessments and interventions.

[Psychotherapic interventions for bipolar disorder in children and adolescents]. / Interventions psychothérapiques dans le trouble bipolaire chez l'enfant et l'adolescent.

OBJECTIVE: To review the options for psychosocial interventions in pediatric bipolar disorders. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review of randomized clinical trials and open-label studies was conducted. RESULTS: Randomized controlled trials show that psychosocial interventions involving families (i.e. family-focused treatment) or individual and family therapy (i.e. multi- or individual-family psychoeducational psychotherapy, child- and family-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy) may be effective through added benefit to pharmacotherapy. All these interventions share numerous common therapeutic elements such as psychoeducation and skills training. Individual interventions (i.e. interpersonal and social rhythm therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy) are to date less well documented. However that may be, outcome studies remain few, and numerous methodological limitations (small sample sizes, designs not very rigorous) restrict the interpretability and generalisability of their results. In addition, most studies were conducted in specialty centers with highly trained therapists, and the feasibility and acceptability of these interventions in practice settings remain to be shown. CONCLUSION: Despite recent developments in identifying effective psychosocial interventions, numerous critical gaps remain, and more longitudinal studies are needed to clarify how these interventions work.

Childhood socioeconomic status and cardiovascular reactivity and recovery among Black and White men: Mitigating effects of psychological resources.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a possible physiological mechanism underlying links between low childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and poor adult health by (a) testing whether childhood SES is prospectively related to cardiovascular responses to laboratory stress in adulthood, and (b) by determining whether psychological resources buffer cardiovascular reactivity and promote better recovery from stress. METHOD: Participants (n = 246; 55% Black; mean age = 32 years) were from a population-based sample of men in Pittsburgh, PA. Childhood SES was measured through the Hollingshead index (parental education and occupation) across 10 waves between the ages of 6 and 16. In adulthood, cardiovascular measures, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), and high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), were taken during and following standardized laboratory psychological stressors. Participants completed measures of optimism, purpose in life, self-esteem, positive affect, and self-mastery, which were combined into a psychological resource factor. RESULTS: Lower childhood SES predicted higher HR and SBP at recovery, independent of age, race, body mass index, current smoking, task demand, and current SES. Psychological resources moderated the association between childhood SES and SBP. Lower childhood SES predicted SBP recovery only among men with fewer psychological resources. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological resources may buffer the relation between low childhood SES and cardiovascular recovery from stress. This buffering may improve adult health to the extent that cardiovascular recovery contributes to the risk of low childhood SES for subsequent disease. (PsycINFO Database Record

[Hereditary epidermolysis bullosa in school children and adolescents. Clinical picture and interdisciplinary management]. / Epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria bei Schulkindern und Adoleszenten. Klinik und interdisziplinäres Management.

Hereditary epidermolysis bullosa (EB) represents a clinically heterogeneous group of congenital blistering disorders requiring multiprofessional care. EB is associated with a broad spectrum of potentially severe complications often reaching their full extent during school age and adolescence. This review aims at summarizing cutaneous manifestations of EB as well as extracutaneous complications of this complex disease and their interdisciplinary management.

The neuropsychological outcome of pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy treated with VNS--A 24-month follow-up in Taiwan.

OBJECTIVES: Multiple studies have reported the benefits of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on neuropsychological outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate how VNS affects cognition and psychosocial adjustment in children with refractory epilepsy (RE), and to determine the efficacy of VNS in a Taiwanese population. METHODS: We conducted a one-group pretest-posttest study on pediatric patients with RE. The study comprised 19 males and 18 females, all aged <18 years. We recorded seizure frequency at 3, 12, and 24 months after VNS device implantation. Intelligence quotients (IQ) were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - IV. The Parental Stress Index (PSI) scores were evaluated by a pediatric psychologist. RESULTS: Vagus nerve stimulation device implantation significantly reduced seizure frequency at 3, 12 and 24 months, especially in young children (<12 years). No significant improvement in IQ test performance was observed, though there were significant improvements in the PSI, especially in young children. CONCLUSIONS: Vagus nerve stimulation device implantation does not significantly improve cognition function, but it does significantly reduce seizure frequency and stress in parent-child relationships, especially in young children (<12 years). These findings suggest that VNS should be considered as an alternative therapy for patients proven to have seizures that are medically refractory, especially those younger than 12 years of age.

Editorial: Looking beyond the horizon--innovation in child psychology and psychiatry.

As readers will no doubt be well aware, the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry dedicates an entire issue, once a year, to state-of-the-art authoritative reviews of research on some of the central issues in our field.(1) I like to think that in doing so we have been quietly undertaking a giant Pavlovian conditioning experiment: every year, as the spring flowers start to blossom (in the northern hemisphere at least), the nucleus accumbens of child psychologists and psychiatrists around the world begin to glow in anticipation of intellectual reward.

Prevalence and Effect of Cyberbullying on Children and Young People: A Scoping Review of Social Media Studies.

IMPORTANCE: Social media has had a profound effect on how children and adolescents interact. While there are many benefits to the use of social media, cyberbullying has emerged as a potential harm, raising questions regarding its influence on mental health. OBJECTIVE: To review existing publications that examine the health-related effects of cyberbullying via social media among children and adolescents. EVIDENCE REVIEW: We searched 11 electronic databases from January 1, 2000, through January 17, 2012 (updated June 24, 2014). Studies were screened by 2 independent reviewers and were included if they reported primary research, described or evaluated the use of a social media tool in the context of cyberbullying, and were conducted with children or adolescents. Data were extracted by 1 reviewer and verified by a second. All studies were assessed by 2 reviewers for methodological quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results were not pooled owing to heterogeneity in study objectives and outcomes; a narrative analysis is presented. FINDINGS: Thirty-six studies in 34 publications were included. Most were conducted in the United States (21 [58.3%]), sampled middle and high school populations (24 [66.7%]), and included adolescents who were 12 to 18 years of age (35 [97.2%]). The median reported prevalence of cyberbullying was 23.0% (interquartile range, 11.0%-42.6%). Five studies reported inconsistent and/or weak correlations between cyberbullying and anxiety. Ten studies found a statistically significant association between cyberbullying and report of depression. Five studies investigated self-harm or suicidality, with conflicting results. Results indicate that the most common reason for cyberbullying is relationship issues, with girls most often being the recipients. Responses to cyberbullying are most often passive, with a pervasive lack of awareness or confidence that anything can be done. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: There is a consistent relationship across studies between cyberbullying and depression among children and adolescents; however, the evidence of the effect of cyberbullying on other mental health conditions is inconsistent. This review provides important information that characterizes cyberbullying within the context of social media, including attributes of the recipients and perpetrators, reasons for and the nature of bullying behaviors, and how recipients react to and manage bullying behaviors. This information is critical to the development of effective prevention and management strategies.

Complejidad, conflicto armado y vulnerabilidad de niños y niñas desplazados en Colombia / Complexity, armed conflict, and vulnerability of displaced children in Colombia

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una reflexión acerca de la vulnerabilidad de los niños y niñas víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia. Para ello se recurriro al principio de auto-eco-organización y de Bucle inter-retroactivo. La violencia es un fenómeno complejo de múltiples interacciones, de características no-lineales y tendencia auto-eco-organizativa que afecta la noción de sujeto y altera el modo como los niños y niñas interpretan el mundo y sus interacciones.

This paper aims to carry out a reflection on the vulnerability of children, who are victims of the armed conflict in Colombia. This was used at the beginning of the self-eco-organization and the inter-retroactive loop. Violence is a complex phenomenon of multiple interactions, non-linear features, and a self-eco-organizational tendency, which affects the notion of subject and alters the way that children interpret the world and their interactions.