RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The active recovery triad (ART) model provides guidelines for recovery-oriented care in long-term mental health care. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether compliance to the principles of the ART model is related to recovery-oriented care, service user recovery and satisfaction. METHOD: A prospective study was conducted including two measurements, in which we investigated compliance to the principles of the ART model (ART fidelity), recovery-oriented care as measured by the Recovery-Oriented Practices Index-Revised (ROPI-R) at team level (n = 18) and outcome measures on service user level (n = 101) related to personal recovery, social roles, level of functioning, clinical recovery, transition, and satisfaction. We used multilevel modeling to evaluate these relationships. RESULTS: There was a significant association between active recovery triad (ART) fidelity and the ROPI-R. We did not find a significant association between overall ART fidelity and service user outcomes. Yet, we did find that higher ART fidelity in the domains "cooperation in the triad," "professionalization of staff," and "team structure" were related to improved clinical recovery, functioning, social roles, and performance of activities. However, higher ART fidelity in the domain "healing environment" was related to poorer functioning, and a higher score in the domain "safety and prevention of coercion" was related to poorer social roles and performance of activities. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: We can conclude that compliance to the principles of the ART model is related to recovery-oriented care, measured with the ROPI-R. In addition, the findings suggest that in particular elements in the ART model are related to meaningful recovery outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos Mentais/reabilitação , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Satisfação do Paciente , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Recuperação da Saúde MentalRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Scientific evidence indicates that the community-based rehabilitation (CBR) model is recommended for recovery from mental disorders. However, this approach encounters barriers and often lacks implementation strategies. AIM: The aim of this study was to create a strategy for the implementation of CBR for mental health in Colombia through the identification of barriers and facilitators, together with the expected outcomes, from the perspective of mental health decision-makers in Colombia. METHODS: This study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, using focus group data collection methods and thematic analysis to code and analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of 208 individuals participated in the study, including mental health decision-makers and health care professionals. Intersectoral collaboration, contextualization, financial resources, and community commitment and autonomy were identified as barriers and facilitators. The element that was considered a priority for successful implementation was the contextualization of strategies. CONCLUSIONS: CBR needs to be strengthened through implementation science if these strategies are to be successfully developed and implemented in various contexts. SPANISH ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A210.
Assuntos
Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental , Grupos Focais , Transtornos Mentais , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Colômbia , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/reabilitação , Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental/organização & administração , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodosRESUMO
Evaluating the rehabilitation status of individuals with serious mental illnesses (SMI) necessitates a comprehensive analysis of multimodal data, including unstructured text records and structured diagnostic data. However, progress in the effective assessment of rehabilitation status remains limited. Our study develops a deep learning model integrating Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and TabNet through a late fusion strategy to enhance rehabilitation prediction, including referral risk, dangerous behaviors, self-awareness, and medication adherence, in patients with SMI. BERT processes unstructured textual data, such as doctor's notes, whereas TabNet manages structured diagnostic information. The model's interpretability function serves to assist healthcare professionals in understanding the model's predictive decisions, improving patient care. Our model exhibited excellent predictive performance for all four tasks, with an accuracy exceeding 0.78 and an area under the curve of 0.70. In addition, a series of tests proved the model's robustness, fairness, and interpretability. This study combines multimodal and multitask learning strategies into a model and applies it to rehabilitation assessment tasks, offering a promising new tool that can be seamlessly integrated with the clinical workflow to support the provision of optimized patient care.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Medicina de Precisão , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/reabilitação , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodos , Medicina de Precisão/métodos , Aprendizado Profundo , Tomada de Decisões , Adulto , Masculino , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , FemininoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Promoting leisure participation requires a collaborative approach that emphasizes personal interests, strengths, and motivations. The purpose of this article was to test the effectiveness of the Independence through Community Access and Navigation (ICAN) intervention on community participation, recreation participation, and positive emotions among individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Using motivational interviewing and an individualized placements and support framework, the ICAN intervention focuses on working with participants to identify and participate in personally meaningful leisure activities by connecting with personal motivations and mainstream community opportunities. METHOD: This randomized controlled trial was conducted with 74 participants diagnosed with schizophrenia with assessments conducted at baseline and posttreatment. Intervention effects were examined with repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Multiple regression analysis was also performed using a change score as an outcome variable and baseline negative symptoms score, condition, and interaction as predictors. RESULTS: There was no significant main effect of ICAN on positive emotions, recreation participation, or community participation; however, among those in the experimental group, those with impairments in motivation and pleasure experienced improvements in community participation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: For individuals experiencing greater negative symptoms, a supported leisure intervention may be an effective strategy to explore personal motivations and increase leisure participation. Future research should test the intervention effectiveness specifically targeting a larger sample of individuals with more severe negative symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Assuntos
Atividades de Lazer , Esquizofrenia , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Esquizofrenia/reabilitação , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Motivação , Entrevista Motivacional/métodos , Navegação de Pacientes , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodos , Participação da ComunidadeRESUMO
Psychosocial rehabilitation (PSR) is a therapeutic approach which aims to improve the overall functioning of people with severe mental disorders. We detail the principles of bioethics applied to care and seek to demonstrate how PSR meets the requirements of a humanistic psychiatry. The four fundamental principles of the ethics of care - autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice - are found in the practice of PSR. The practice and implementation of PSR is strongly encouraged in universal codes of ethics.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Autonomia Pessoal , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/reabilitação , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/ética , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodos , Beneficência , Justiça SocialRESUMO
Since the 1940s, the Clubhouse model of psychosocial rehabilitation has evolved towards a comprehensive practice of social theory and intervention. Despite the model's cost effectiveness and observational evidence of its efficacy, empirical research remains lacking. The current narrative review examines studies from recent years (2015-2021), not to assess study rigor, but to identify trends in research aims, findings, and methodology, as well as specify future research directions. A narrative review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. Using the search term "Clubhouse," 194 articles were identified in online databases. 38 met criteria for inclusion. Most studies were qualitative (60.5%) and few utilized experimental or quasi-experimental designs (7.9%). Narrative synthesis revealed research aims and outcome variables falling into six key areas: social integration and connectedness, quality of life (QOL), recovery outcomes, relational dynamics, policy, and virtual adaptations of the model. Findings indicate that recent Clubhouse-related research trends have primarily involved studies of social connectedness, QOL, recovery, relationships, and policy, as well as studies examining the value of the virtual Clubhouse in maintaining well-being. However, heterogeneity of methodologies and measures present a critical limitation to assessing results across studies. Options for increasing experimental methodologies in this area are reviewed. Recommended future directions involve moving towards a biopsychosocial approach to clarifying the mechanisms through which the model promotes recovery-aims that may yield implications beyond the realm of serious mental illness.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica , Humanos , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodos , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The integration of mental health rehabilitees into the labour market is an important policy objective everywhere in the world. The international Clubhouse organization is a third-sector actor that offers community-based psychosocial rehabilitation and supports and promotes rehabilitees' state of acting and exerting power over their lives, including their (re)employment. In this article, we adopt the perspective of discursive psychology and ask how mental health rehabilitees' agency is constructed and ideally also promoted in the Clubhouse-based Transitional Employment (TE) programme. METHODS: The data consisted of 26 video-recorded TE meetings in which staff and rehabilitees of one Finnish Clubhouse discussed ways to further their contacts with potential employers. The analysis was informed by discursive psychology, which has been heavily influenced by conversation analysis. RESULTS: The analysis demonstrated how rehabilitees adopt agentic positions in respect to TE-related future activities, and how Clubhouse staff promote and encourage but also discourage and invalidate these agentic positionings. The analysis demonstrated the multifaceted nature of agency and agency promotion in the TE programme. CONCLUSIONS: Although ideally, Clubhouse activities are based on equal opportunities, in everyday interaction practices, the staff exercise significant power over the question whose agency is promoted and validated in the TE programme.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica , Humanos , Saúde Mental , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodos , Emprego , FinlândiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Engagement in arts and cultural activities is valued and yields positive outcomes but may be understudied in populations with serious mental illness (SMI). Our aims are to evaluate the extent to which individuals with SMI deem participation areas related to arts and culture (e.g., going to a theater) to be important, and if important, how often they are being done and if it is enough in comparison to a nonSMI sample. METHODS: We conducted analyses using a sample of 1,120 individuals with SMI from nine research studies between 2008 and 2016 and a sample of 300 individuals without SMI that were part of the Truven Health Analytics PULSE survey. All participants completed a survey containing questions related community participation. Analyses were conducted using independent samples t tests, followed by analysis of variances, and chi-square tests. RESULTS: The results indicate that adults with SMI are as, or more interested in arts and cultural activities as adults in the general population, but do not participate in those areas as much as they would like in comparison. We also found that, as with the general population, participation in these areas is positively associated with quality of life and to a lesser degree, recovery. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Engagement in arts and culture activities may be an overlooked compared to other areas of participation, such as employment. Psychiatric rehabilitation practitioners may need to pay greater attention to areas related to art appreciation, rather than just art production. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica , Adulto , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Emprego , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodos , Transtornos Mentais/reabilitaçãoRESUMO
The Clubhouse model of psychosocial rehabilitation provides several employment opportunities to individuals who experience mental health concerns, including transitional, supported, and independent employment. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in Clubhouses having to adapt existing programs to online formats. Employment programs were further impacted, as many workplaces in the community closed or reduced capacity. The present study aimed to examine the rates of involvement in transitional, supported, and independent employment across six Clubhouses in Canada throughout the pandemic. 462 members completed surveys at five time points pertaining to participation in Clubhouse employment programs. The data was analyzed using Cochran's Q tests to determine differences in employment rates across time points. The results demonstrated an overall decrease in transitional and supported employment rates throughout the pandemic. Conversely, rates of independent employment were unchanged. It is evident that Clubhouse employment programs assist members in obtaining employment. The results suggest Clubhouses may benefit from exploring novel employment opportunities to support their members, such as remote work.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Readaptação ao Emprego , Transtornos Mentais , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica , Humanos , Pandemias , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodosRESUMO
Although solitude is found to be undesirable to many, systematic practice of it can yield positive psychological outcomes. This mixed-method study explored the process and influence of solitude as a behavioral intervention among youths in a therapeutic community in Hong Kong. Qualitative interviews with 43 youths (67.4% male, mean age = 18.3) revealed that solitude facilitated growth in their sense of personal responsibility, increased perspective-taking, increased respect for rules, change in life attitudes, and growth in consideration of future consequences. A two-wave prospective study (n = 79, 82.3% male, mean age = 17.4) further demonstrated perceived meaningfulness in solitude predicted an increase in consideration of future consequences, but not in other types of behavioral intervention. This study preliminarily demonstrated solitude has beneficial outcomes among high-risk youths, and meaning-making can facilitate this relationship.
Assuntos
Atitude , Pesquisa Comportamental , Delinquência Juvenil , Solidão , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica , Psicologia do Adolescente , Solidão/psicologia , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Hong Kong , Entrevistas como Assunto , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Estudos Prospectivos , Delinquência Juvenil/psicologia , Delinquência Juvenil/reabilitação , Respeito , Interpretação Estatística de DadosRESUMO
Resumo Introdução: Os Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos (SRT) são pontos da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial alinhados com a lógica da desinstitucionalização. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a percepção de 'casa' pela equipe de cuidadoras de SRT e suas implicações para a produção do cuidado durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo de abordagem cartográfica que teve como cenário de estudo 4 SRT do município do Rio de Janeiro. Para a coleta dos dados, foram realizadas entrevistas com 9 trabalhadoras e observação participante de reuniões. Resultados e discussão: Os analisadores Lugar de Casa e Efeitos da Pandemia emergiram do processamento. O primeiro mostra a percepção das trabalhadoras acerca do ambiente da casa, enquanto o segundo traz a influência da pandemia na produção do cuidado nas SRT. O ambiente das residências é múltiplo, diverso e, por vezes, contraditório, permeado por diferentes modos de vida e influenciado por aspectos culturais, percepções e experiências vividas.
Abstract Introduction: The Residential Therapeutic Services (RTS) are places of the Psychosocial Care Network aligned with the logic of deinstitutionalization. This study aimed to analyze the perception of 'home' by the SRT team of caregivers and its implications for the production of care in the Covid-19 pandemic situation. Methods: Qualitative study of cartographic approach, which had 4 SRT in the city of Rio de Janeiro as scenario. Data collection involved interviews with 9 workers and participant observation of the SRTs' meetings. Results and Discussion: The analyzers Home and Pandemic Effects emerged from analysis. The first analyzer shows the workers' perception of the home environment, while the second analyzes the production of care and the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on the SRT. The residence environment is multiple, diverse, sometimes contradictory, composed of different lifestyles and influenced by cultural aspects, perceptions and life experiences.
Assuntos
Humanos , Sistema Único de Saúde , Desinstitucionalização/métodos , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodos , COVID-19 , Política de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde Mental/provisão & distribuição , Brasil , Pessoal de Saúde , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sexual problems are frequently reported after treatment with radiotherapy (RT) for gynaecological cancer (GC), in particular after combined external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy (EBRT+BT). Studies demonstrate that psychosexual support should include cognitive behavioural interventions and involvement of the patient's partner, if available. Therefore, we developed a nurse-led sexual rehabilitation intervention, including these key components. The intervention was previously pilot-tested and results demonstrated that this intervention improves women's sexual functioning and increases dilator compliance. The objective of the current study is to investigate the (cost-)effectiveness of the intervention compared to optimal care as usual (CAU). We expect that women who receive the intervention will report a statistically significant greater improvement in sexual functioning and - for women who receive EBRT+BT - higher compliance with dilator use, from baseline to 12 months post-RT than women who receive optimal care as usual (CAU). METHODS/DESIGN: The intervention is evaluated in the SPARC (Sexual rehabilitation Programme After Radiotherapy for gynaecological Cancer) study, a multicentre, randomized controlled trial (RCT). The primary endpoint is sexual functioning. Secondary outcomes include body image, fear of sexual activity, sexual-, treatment-related- and psychological distress, health-related quality of life and relationship satisfaction. A cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) will be conducted in which the costs of the intervention will be related to shifts in other health care costs and the impact on patient outcome. The study sample will consist of 220 women with GC treated with RT in specialized GC treatment centres (N = 10). Participants are randomized to either the intervention- or CAU control group (1:1), and within each centre stratified by type of radiotherapy (EBRT+BT vs. EBRT only) and having a partner (yes/no). All women complete questionnaires at baseline (T1) and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-RT (T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively). DISCUSSION: There is a need to improve sexual functioning after RT for GC. This RCT will provide evidence about the (cost-)effectiveness of a nurse-led sexual rehabilitation intervention. If proven effective, the intervention will be a much needed addition to care offered to GC survivors and will result in improved quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03611517 . Registered 2 August 2018.
Assuntos
Análise Custo-Benefício/métodos , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/economia , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/psicologia , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodos , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Feminino , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/radioterapia , Humanos , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Importance: Although the importance of recovery-oriented care for people with severe mental illness (SMI) is widely acknowledged, essential elements such as personalization and involvement of significant others are not adequately implemented in practice. Objective: To determine whether using resource groups (RGs) within flexible assertive community treatment (FACT) has favorable effects on empowerment and recovery-related outcomes in people with SMI. Design, Setting, and Participants: This assessor-blind, multisite randomized clinical trial was conducted from September 1, 2017, to September 30, 2020, with follow-up at 9 and 18 months. A total of 158 participants aged 18 to 65 years meeting the criteria for SMI were randomly allocated to FACT plus RG vs FACT as usual (1:1) in 20 FACT teams throughout the Netherlands. Data were analyzed from September 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021. The study was prespecified in the trial protocol and data from the intent-to-treat population were analyzed. Interventions: In the FACT plus RG condition, patients chose members from their informal and formal networks to form an RG that meets quarterly to discuss self-formulated recovery goals. The RG was integrated into the multidisciplinary support provided by the FACT team. In the FACT as-usual condition, empowerment (defined as overcoming powerlessness and gaining control of one's life) and involvement of significant others was also part of the provided care, but without the structure of the RG. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was self-reported empowerment, measured with the Netherlands Empowerment List. Results: A total of 158 participants with SMI (median age, 38 [median absolute deviation, 13] years; 93 men [58.9%]) were randomized to FACT plus RG (n = 80) or FACT as usual (n = 78) care. Intention-to-treat analyses showed that randomization to the RG condition was associated with a clinically significant increase in empowerment (Cohen d, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.21-0.86) and improved outcomes with small to medium effect sizes in terms of quality of life (Cohen d, 0.25; 95% CI, -0.07 to 0.56), personal recovery (Cohen d, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.06-0.69), quality of social contact (Cohen d, 0.24; 95% CI, -0.07 to 0.56), disability (Cohen d, 0.29; 95% CI, -0.03 to 0.60), general functioning (Cohen d, 0.30; 95% CI, -0.01 to 0.62), and social functioning (Cohen d, 0.28; 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.59). No differences between conditions were found regarding psychopathological symptoms, attachment, frequency of social contact, and employment. Compared with FACT as usual, participants who stayed with the assigned treatment in the RG condition were more satisfied with treatment at 9 (Cohen d = 0.45; t135 = -2.62; P = .009) and 18 (Cohen d = 0.41; t116 = -2.22; P = .02) months. Conclusions and Relevance: These findings show that working with RGs improves empowerment and other mental health outcomes in people with SMI who receive community-based mental health services. This method of network-oriented care empowers people with SMI within their own environment. Trial Registration: Netherlands Trial Register Identifier: NL6548.
Assuntos
Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental , Empoderamento , Estado Funcional , Transtornos Mentais/reabilitação , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica , Qualidade de Vida , Rede Social , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental/métodos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medidas de Resultados Relatados pelo Paciente , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodos , Método Simples-Cego , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite recent advances in the development and provision of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) in humanitarian settings, inadequate supervision remains a significant barrier to successful implementation. The present study sought to incorporate broad stakeholder engagement as part of the first phase of development of a new Integrated Model for Supervision (IMS) for use within MHPSS and protection services in humanitarian emergencies. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 global mental health professionals. Data was analysed thematically, using a combination of inductive and deductive methods. Codes and themes were validated through co-author cross-checks and through a webinar with an expert advisory group. RESULTS: Results reinforce the importance of effective supervision to enhance the quality of interventions and to protect supervisees' wellbeing. Participants generally agreed that regular, supportive supervision on a one-to-one basis and as a separate system from line management, is the ideal format. The interviews highlight a need for guidance in specific areas, such as monitoring and evaluation, and navigating power imbalances in the supervisory relationship. Several approaches to supervision were described, including some solutions for use in low-resource situations, such as group, peer-to-peer or remote supervision. CONCLUSION: An integrated model for supervision (IMS) should offer a unified framework encompassing a definition of supervision, consolidation of best practice, and goals and guidance for the supervisory process.
Assuntos
Emergências/psicologia , Saúde Mental/normas , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodos , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/normas , Altruísmo , Humanos , Sistemas de Apoio Psicossocial , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between adverse childhood experiences and adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: This cohort study included individuals who enrolled in a perinatal collaborative mental health care program (COMPASS [the Collaborative Care Model for Perinatal Depression Support Services]) between 2017 and 2021. Participants completed psychosocial self-assessments, including an adverse childhood experiences screen. The primary exposure was adverse childhood experiences measured by the ACE (adverse childhood experience) score, which was evaluated as a dichotomized variable, with a high ACE score defined as greater than three. Secondary analyses used the ACE score as a continuous variable. Adverse pregnancy outcomes including gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm birth, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births were abstracted from the electronic health record. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed, including mediation analyses. RESULTS: Of the 1,274 women with a completed adverse childhood experiences screen, 904 (71%) reported one or more adverse childhood experiences, and 290 (23%) reported a high ACE score (more than three adverse childhood experiences). Adverse childhood experience scores were not associated with gestational diabetes or SGA births. After controlling for potential confounders, individuals with high ACE score had 1.55-fold (95% CI 1.06-2.26) increased odds of having hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and 2.03-fold (95% CI 1.38-2.99) increased odds of preterm birth. Each point increase in ACE score was not associated with a statistically increased odds of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.07, 95% CI 0.99-1.15); however, each additional point on the adverse childhood experiences screen was associated with increased odds of preterm birth (aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.05-1.22). Mediation analyses demonstrated tobacco use, chronic medical problems, and obesity each partially mediated the observed association between high ACE scores and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Having chronic medical comorbidities partially mediated the observed association between high ACE scores and preterm birth. CONCLUSION: One in four individuals referred to a perinatal mental health program who were pregnant or postpartum had a high ACE score. Having a high ACE score was associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preterm birth. These results underscore how remote events may reverberate through the life course.
Assuntos
Adultos Sobreviventes de Eventos Adversos na Infância/psicologia , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/epidemiologia , Complicações na Gravidez , Nascimento Prematuro/epidemiologia , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica , Adulto , Adultos Sobreviventes de Eventos Adversos na Infância/estatística & dados numéricos , Experiências Adversas da Infância/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/psicologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Serviços de Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Complicações na Gravidez/psicologia , Resultado da Gravidez/epidemiologia , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodos , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Risco , SARS-CoV-2 , Autoavaliação (Psicologia) , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Importance: Many patients with cancer who would benefit from psychosocial care do not receive it. Implementation strategies may favor the integration of psychosocial care into practice and improve patient outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Humanization in Cancer Care (HuCare) Quality Improvement Strategy vs standard care as improvement of at least 1 of 2 domains (emotional or social function) of patient health-related quality of life at baseline and 3 months. A key secondary aim included investigation of the long-term effect. Design, Setting, and Participants: HuCare2 was a multicenter, incomplete, stepped-wedge cluster randomized clinical trial, conducted from May 30, 2016, to August 28, 2019, in three 5-center clusters of cancer centers representative of hospital size and geographic location in Italy. The study was divided into 5 equally spaced epochs. Implementation sequence was defined by a blinded statistician; the nature of the intervention precluded blinding for clinical staff. Participants included consecutive adult outpatients with newly diagnosed cancer of any type and stage starting medical cancer treatment. Interventions: The HuCare Quality Improvement Strategy comprised (1) clinician communication training, (2) on-site visits for context analysis and problem-solving, and (3) implementation of 6 evidence-based recommendations. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the difference between the means of changes of individual scores in emotional or social functions of health-related quality of life detected at baseline and 3-month follow-up (within each group) and during the postintervention epoch compared with control periods (between groups). Long-term effect of the intervention (at 12 months) was assessed as a secondary outcome. Intention-to-treat analysis was used. Results: A total of 762 patients (475 [62.3%] women) were enrolled (400 HuCare Quality Improvement Strategy and 362 usual care); mean (SD) age was 61.4 (13.1) years. The HuCare Quality Improvement Strategy significantly improved emotional function during treatment (odds ratio [OR], 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.22; P = .008) but not social function (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.89-1.09; P = .80). Effect on emotional function persisted at 12 months (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00-1.10; P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance: In this trial, the HuCare Quality Improvement Strategy significantly improved the emotional function aspect of health-related quality of life during cancer treatment and at 12 months, indicating a change in clinician behavior and in ward organization. These findings support the need for strategies to introduce psychosocial care; however, more research is needed on factors that may maximize the effects. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03008993.
Assuntos
Neoplasias/terapia , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/normas , Melhoria de Qualidade , Idoso , Análise por Conglomerados , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/psicologia , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodos , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Qualidade de Vida/psicologiaRESUMO
No Brasil, os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) são serviços de saúde mental que visam, junto a outros dispositivos de atendimento da rede de atenção, garantir o cuidado de base comunitária para as pessoas em sofrimento psíquico. Este texto apresenta um relato de experiência de práticas implementadas por um CAPS I, entre 2011 e 2014, e reflete sobre elas à luz do processo de desinstitucionalização e da Política Nacional de Saúde Mental, Álcool e Outras Drogas brasileira. Tendo como base as práticas desenvolvidas no CAPS em questão, discutem-se: a noção de Projeto Terapêutico Singular, oferecendo uma proposta para guiar suas atualizações; as oficinas terapêuticas como possibilidade de concretizar espaços coletivos de cuidado; e, ações possíveis de serem desenvolvidas no território visando a consolidação da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS). Assim, ao revisitar as práticas do CAPS, o texto aponta caminhos e dificuldades para que as mesmas possam tornar-se coerentes e eficazes ante ao desafio da desinstitucionalização.
In Brazil, the Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) are mental health services that aim, together with other care services, to ensure community-based treatment for people with mental disorders. This text presents an experience report about practices implemented in CAPS I, between 2011 and 2014, and makes reflections about them considering the deinstitutionalization process and the Brazilian National Mental Health Policy. Based on the practices developed in the CAPS in question, it discusses: the notion of Singular Therapeutic Project, offering a proposal to guide its updates; therapeutic workshops as a possibility to create collective spaces of care; and, possible actions to be developed in the territory aiming the consolidation of the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS). Therefore, revisiting CAPS practices, the text points out ways and difficulties so that it become s coherent and effective in the face of deinstitutionalization challenge.
En Brasil, los Centros de Atención Psicosocial (CAPS) son servicios de salud mental que tienen como objetivo, en conjunto con otros dispositivos de asistencia de la red de atención, garantizar el cuidado de base comunitaria para las personas en sufrimiento psíquico. Este texto presenta un relato de experiencia de algunas prácticas implementadas por un CAPS I, entre 2011 y 2014, y refleja sobre ellas a la luz del proceso de desinstitucionalización y de la Política Nacional de Salud Mental, Alcohol y Otras Drogas brasileñas. Teniendo como base las prácticas desarrolladas en el CAPS en cuestión, son discutidas: la noción de Proyecto Terapéutico Singular, ofreciendo una propuesta para guiar sus actualizaciones; los talleres terapéuticos como posibilidad de concretar espacios colectivos de cuidado; y, acciones posibles de ser desarrolladas en el territorio con vistas a la consolidación de la Red de Atención Psicosocial (RAPS). De esta forma, al revisar las prácticas del CAPS, el texto apunta caminhos y dificultades para que ellas puedan tornarse coherentes y eficaces ante el desafío de la desinstitucionalización.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Estratégias de Saúde Nacionais , Desinstitucionalização , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodosRESUMO
Introdução: A oficina de linguagem, tecnologia, por excelência, de trabalho com a saúde mental, é constituída por três pilares: protagonismo, potência criadora e a própria linguagem, como espaço de empoderamento. Objetivo Verificar a percepção dos participantes sobre os efeitos da oficina de linguagem, objeto deste estudo. Método: Foi feito um estudo transversal, descritivo, por meio da introdução de uma temática específica nas rodas de conversa da oficina em questão durante o período do recorte. As sessões foram filmadas por doze semanas, e as rodas de conversa foram transcritas. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo do tipo temática para análise e interpretação dos dados obtidos dos discursos dos seus participantes que exibiam a diversidade postulada em termos de idade, gênero, condição social e saúde. Resultados: Três categorias temáticas foram identificadas e selecionadas por sua relevância: enlaçamento social, protagonismo subjetivo e circulação discursiva. Conclusões: Os resultados apontam narrativas de empoderamento que as vivências da oficina proporcionam, com clara expressão de reconhecimento da assunção ao lugar de falante por todos, posicionamento fundamental para a possibilidade de alcançar vez e voz nas suas relações sociais.
Introduction: The workshop of language, a technology par excellence, when working with mental health, consists of three pillars: protagonism, creative power and language itself as a space of empowerment. Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the perception of participants about the effects of the language workshop, object of this study. Methods: This research used the methodology of transverse, descriptive design. A specific theme was introduced in the Conversation Wheels of the workshop over a period of 12 weeks. Those sessions were filmed and the conversation wheels transcribed. "Thematic content analysis" was used to analyze and interpret the data obtained from the discourses of its participants. These participants exhibited the diversity postulated in terms of age, gender, social condition, health. Results: Three thematic categories were identified and selected for their relevance: social binding, subjective protagonism and discursive circulation. Conclusions: The results highlight narratives of empowerment that the experiences of the workshop propose, with clear expression of recognition of the occupation of the place of speaker by all, an essential prerequisite for the possibility of reaching time and voice in their social interrelations.
Introducción: El taller de lenguaje se considera la tecnología por excelencia para trabajar con la salud mental y se apoya en tres pilares básicos: el protagonismo; la capacidad creativa y el propio lenguaje en sí mismo como espacio de empoderamiento. Objetivo: Comprobar como perciben los participantes los efectos del taller de lenguaje Método: Se hizo un estudio transversal y descriptivo por medio de la introducción de una temática específica en las ruedas de conversación del taller durante su realización. Las conversaciones se fueron filmando durante las doce semanas de trabajo y se transcribieron. Se utilizó el análisis temático de contenidos para analizar e interpretar los datos obtenidos de los discursos de sus participantes que mostraron la diversidad propuesta respecto a edad, género, condición social y salud. Resultados: Se identificaron tres categorías temáticas y se seleccionaron por su importancia: las relaciones sociales, el protagonismo subjetivo y la circulación discursiva. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que las experiencias del taller proporcionan empoderamiento, al ir ocupando todos los participantes el puesto de hablante, siendo esto fundamental para poder tener voz y espacio en sus relaciones sociales.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Percepção , Comunicação , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodos , Grupos de Treinamento de Sensibilização , Estudos Transversais , Narração , Centros de Convivência e Lazer , Assistência à Saúde Mental , Empoderamento , Relações InterpessoaisRESUMO
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a common, treatable chronic disease that can be effectively managed in primary care settings. Untreated OUD is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality-notably, overdose, infectious complications of injecting drug use, and profoundly diminished quality of life. Withdrawal management and medication tapers are ineffective and are associated with increased rates of relapse and death. Pharmacotherapy is the evidence based mainstay of OUD treatment, and many studies support its integration into primary care settings. Evidence is strongest for the opioid agonists buprenorphine and methadone, which randomized controlled trials have shown to decrease illicit opioid use and mortality. Discontinuation of opioid agonist therapy is associated with increased rates of relapse and mortality. Less evidence is available for the opioid antagonist extended release naltrexone, with a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials showing decreased illicit opioid use but no effect on mortality. Treating OUD in primary care settings is cost effective, improves outcomes for both OUD and other medical comorbidities, and is highly acceptable to patients. Evidence on whether behavioral interventions improve outcomes for patients receiving pharmacotherapy is mixed, with guidelines promoting voluntary engagement in psychosocial supports, including counseling. Further work is needed to promote the integration of OUD treatment into primary care and to overcome regulatory barriers to integrating methadone into primary care treatment in the US.