RESUMO
This study aimed to investigate whether class A1 scavenger receptor (SR-A1) regulated macrophage polarization and gut microbial alteration during intestinal inflammation of colitis. A murine colitis model was established by feeding with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and treatment groups were injected intravenously with SR-A1 antibody. Results showed a preventive effect on colitis symptoms and fewer inflammatory cell infiltrates in treatment groups. Down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine related to macrophages were seen in murine PBMC and LPMC after injected with SR-A1 antibody. The percentage of M2 macrophages was also elevated in treatment groups. In addition, SR-A1 antibody treatment resulted in the decreased apoptosis and increased proliferation of colonic epithelial cells. Other findings indicated that SR-A1 antibody injection could mediate its anti-inflammatory effect via inhibiting TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB signaling pathway and alterating the gut microbiota composition. Our research identified SR-A1 as a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Assuntos
Colite , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Macrófagos , Receptores Depuradores Classe A , Animais , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Colite/imunologia , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/microbiologia , Colite/metabolismo , Camundongos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/metabolismo , Sulfato de Dextrana/toxicidade , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/imunologia , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Citocinas/metabolismo , Anticorpos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Masculino , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the western world. Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common histological subtypes of this malignancy. For squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (LSCC), prognostic and predictive markers still are largely missing. In a previous study, we were able to show that the expression of THSD7A shows an association with unfavorable prognostic parameters in prostate cancer. There is also a link to a high expression of FAK. There is incidence that SCARA5 might be the downstream gene of THSD7A. Furthermore, there is evidence that SCARA5 interacts with FAK. We were interested in the role of SCARA5 as a potential biomarker in LSCC. Furthermore, we wanted to know whether SCARA5 expression is linked to THSD7A positivity and to the expression level of FAK. For this reason, we analyzed 101 LSCC tumors by immunohistochemistry. Tissue microarrays were utilized. No significant association was found between SCARA5 expression and overall survival or clinicopathological parameters. There was also no significant association between THSD7A positivity and SCARA5 expression level. Moreover, no significant association was found between FAK expression level and SCARA5 expression level. SCARA5 seems not to play a major role as a biomarker in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Feminino , Prognóstico , Quinase 1 de Adesão Focal/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Imuno-Histoquímica , Receptores Depuradores Classe ARESUMO
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable RNAs present in cell-free RNA, which may comprise cellular debris and pathogen genomes. Here, we investigate the phenomenon and mechanism of cellular uptake and intracellular fate of exogenous circRNAs. Human myeloid cells and B cells selectively internalize extracellular circRNAs. Macrophage uptake of circRNA is rapid, energy dependent, and saturable. CircRNA uptake can lead to translation of encoded sequences and antigen presentation. The route of internalization influences immune activation after circRNA uptake, with distinct gene expression programs depending on the route of RNA delivery. Genome-scale CRISPR screens and chemical inhibitor studies nominate macrophage scavenger receptor MSR1, Toll-like receptors, and mTOR signaling as key regulators of receptor-mediated phagocytosis of circRNAs, a dominant pathway to internalize circRNAs in parallel to macropinocytosis. These results suggest that cell-free circRNA serves as an "eat me" signal and danger-associated molecular pattern, indicating orderly pathways of recognition and disposal.
Assuntos
Macrófagos , Fagocitose , RNA Circular , Transdução de Sinais , RNA Circular/genética , RNA Circular/metabolismo , Humanos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/genética , Animais , Receptores Toll-Like/metabolismo , Receptores Toll-Like/genética , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/metabolismo , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/genética , Apresentação de Antígeno , Pinocitose , CamundongosRESUMO
Immuno-oncology has gained momentum with the approval of antibodies with clinical activities in different indications. Unfortunately, for anti-PD (L)1 agents in monotherapy, only half of the treated population achieves a clinical response. For other agents, such as anti-CTLA4 antibodies, no biomarkers exist, and tolerability can limit administration. In this study, using publicly available genomic datasets, we evaluated the expression of the macrophage scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) (MSR1) and its association with a response to check-point inhibitors (CPI). MSR1 was associated with the presence of macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs) and neutrophils in most of the studied indications. The presence of MSR1 was associated with macrophages with a pro-tumoral phenotype and correlated with TIM3 expression. MSR1 predicted favorable overall survival in patients treated with anti-PD1 (HR: 0.56, FDR: 1%, p = 2.6 × 10-5), anti PD-L1 (HR: 0.66, FDR: 20%, p = 0.00098) and anti-CTLA4 (HR: 0.37, FDR: 1%, p = 4.8 × 10-5). When specifically studying skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), we observed similar effects for anti-PD1 (HR: 0.65, FDR: 50%, p = 0.0072) and anti-CTLA4 (HR: 0.35, FDR: 1%, p = 4.1 × 10-5). In a different dataset of SKCM patients, the expression of MSR1 predicted a clinical response to anti-CTLA4 (AUC: 0.61, p = 2.9 × 10-2). Here, we describe the expression of MSR1 in some solid tumors and its association with innate cells and M2 phenotype macrophages. Of note, the presence of MSR1 predicted a response to CPI and, particularly, anti-CTLA4 therapies in different cohorts of patients. Future studies should prospectively explore the association of MSR1 expression and the response to anti-CTLA4 strategies in solid tumors.
Assuntos
Melanoma , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Transcriptoma , Oncologia , Receptores Depuradores Classe ARESUMO
Nanoparticles can be cleared from the circulation and taken up by tissue-resident macrophages. This property can be beneficial when drug or antigen delivery to macrophages is desired; however, rapid clearance of nanoparticles not intended for delivery to immune cells may reduce nanoparticle circulation time and affect the efficacy of nanoparticle-formulated drug products. Therefore, understanding nanoparticles' uptake by macrophages is an essential step in the preclinical development of nanotechnology-based drug products. Understanding the route of nanoparticle uptake by macrophages may also provide mechanistic insights into the immunotoxicity of nanomaterials. The protocol described herein can be used to assess the nanoparticles' uptake by macrophages and understand the involvement of scavenger receptor A1 to inform mechanistic studies.
Assuntos
Macrófagos , Nanopartículas , Animais , Camundongos , Receptores Depuradores , Nanotecnologia , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Receptores Depuradores Classe ARESUMO
Morinda officinalis polysaccharide (MOP) is the bioactive ingredient extracted from the root of Morinda officinalis, and Morinda officinalis is applied to treat osteoporosis (OP). The purpose of this study was to determine the role of MOP on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and the underlying mechanism. HBMSCs were isolated from bone marrow samples of patients with OP and treated with MOP. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was adopted to quantify the expression of microRNA-210-3p (miR-210-3p) and scavenger receptor class A member 3 (SCARA3) mRNA. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was employed to detect cell viability; Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Mediated Nick End Labeling assay and flow cytometry were adopted to detect apoptosis; Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity assay kit was applied to detect ALP activity; Western blot was executed to quantify the expression levels of SCARA3, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation markers. Ovariectomized rats were treated with MOP. Bone mineral density (BMD), serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b), and N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) levels were assessed by BMD detector and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. It was revealed that MOP could promote hBMSCs' viability and osteogenic differentiation and inhibit apoptosis and adipogenic differentiation. MOP could also upregulate SCARA3 expression through repressing miR-210-3p expression. Treatment with MOP increased the BMD and decreased the TRACP 5b and NTx levels in ovariectomized rats. MOP may boost the osteogenic differentiation and inhibit adipogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by miR-210-3p/SCARA3 axis.
Assuntos
Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , MicroRNAs , Morinda , Osteoporose , Polissacarídeos , Animais , Humanos , Ratos , Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/efeitos dos fármacos , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Morinda/química , Morinda/metabolismo , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteogênese/genética , Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores Depuradores/metabolismo , Fosfatase Ácida Resistente a Tartarato/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/metabolismoRESUMO
Physiochemical properties of nanoparticles, such as their size and chemical composition, dictate their interaction with professional phagocytes of the innate immune system. Macrophages, in particular, are key regulators of the immune microenvironment that heavily influence particle biodistribution as a result of their uptake. This attribute enables macrophage-targeted delivery, including for phenotypic modulation. Saccharide-based materials, including polyglucose polymers and nanoparticles, are efficient vehicles for macrophage-targeted delivery. Here, we investigate the influence of particle size on cyclodextrin nanoparticle (CDNP) uptake by macrophages and further examine the receptor-mediated interactions that drive macrophage-targeted delivery. We designed and synthesized CDNPs ranging in size from 25 nm to >100 nm in diameter. Increasing particle size was correlated with greater uptake by macrophages in vitro. Both scavenger receptor A1 and mannose receptor were critical mediators of macrophage-targeted delivery, inhibition of which reduced the extent of uptake. Finally, we investigated the cellular bioavailability of drug-loaded CDNPs using a model anti-inflammatory drug, celastrol, which demonstrated that drug bioactivity is improved by CDNP loading relative to free drug alone. This study thus elucidates the interactions between the polyglucose nanoparticles and macrophages, thereby facilitating their application in macrophage-targeted drug delivery that has applications in the context of tissue injury and repair.
Assuntos
Ciclodextrinas , Macrófagos , Nanopartículas , Tamanho da Partícula , Nanopartículas/química , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclodextrinas/química , Animais , Camundongos , Receptor de Manose , Células RAW 264.7 , Lectinas Tipo C/metabolismo , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Materiais Biocompatíveis/metabolismo , Teste de Materiais , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/metabolismo , Lectinas de Ligação a Manose/metabolismoRESUMO
Scavenger receptor A (SRA) is preferentially expressed in macrophages and implicated as a multifunctional pattern recognition receptor for innate immunity. Hepatic macrophages play a primary role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. Herein, we observed that SRA expression was significantly increased in the liver tissues of mice with alcohol-related liver injury. SRA-deficient (SRA-/-) mice developed more severe alcohol-induced liver disease than wild-type mice. Enhanced liver inflammation existed in alcohol-challenged SRA-/- mice and was associated with increased Notch activation in hepatic macrophages compared with wild-type control animals. Mechanistically, SRA directly bound with Notch1 and suppressed its S-glutathionylation, thereby inhibiting Notch pathway activation. Further, we determined that the SRA interacted with thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1), a redox-active protein. SRA inhibited Trx-1 dimerization and facilitated the interaction of Trx-1 with Notch1. Application of a Trx-1-specific inhibitory agent during macrophage stimulation abolished SRA-mediated regulation of the Notch pathway and its downstream targets. In summary, our study revealed that SRA plays a critical role in macrophage inflammatory response by targeting Notch1 for its glutathionylation. SRA-mediated negative regulation of Notch activation might serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for alcohol-induced liver injury.
Assuntos
Doença Hepática Crônica Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas , Camundongos , Animais , Doença Hepática Crônica Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/metabolismo , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Receptores Depuradores/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Fatores Imunológicos , Etanol/toxicidade , Tiorredoxinas/genética , Tiorredoxinas/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos KnockoutRESUMO
Intrathecal IgM production in multiple sclerosis is associated with a worse disease course. To investigate pathogenic relevance of autoreactive IgM in multiple sclerosis, CSF from two independent cohorts, including multiple sclerosis patients and controls, were screened for antibody binding to induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and astrocytes, and a panel of CNS-related cell lines. IgM binding to a primitive neuro-ectodermal tumour cell line discriminated 10% of multiple sclerosis donors from controls. Transcriptomes of single IgM producing CSF B cells from patients with cell-binding IgM were sequenced and used to produce recombinant monoclonal antibodies for characterization and antigen identification. We produced five cell-binding recombinant IgM antibodies, of which one, cloned from an HLA-DR + plasma-like B cell, mediated antigen-dependent complement activation. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, and biochemical and transcriptome analysis of the target cells identified the iron transport scavenger protein SCARA5 as the antigen target of this antibody. Intrathecal injection of a SCARA5 antibody led to an increased T cell infiltration in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. CSF IgM might contribute to CNS inflammation in multiple sclerosis by binding to cell surface antigens like SCARA5 and activating complement, or by facilitating immune cell migration into the brain.
Assuntos
Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental , Imunoglobulina M , Esclerose Múltipla , Receptores Depuradores Classe A , Animais , Humanos , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Imunoglobulina M/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras , Esclerose Múltipla/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Esclerose Múltipla/imunologia , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/imunologiaRESUMO
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans causes lethal infections in immunocompromised patients. Macrophages are central to the host response to cryptococci; however, it is unclear how C. neoformans is recognised and phagocytosed by macrophages. Here we investigate the role of TLR4 in the non-opsonic phagocytosis of C. neoformans. We find that loss of TLR4 function unexpectedly increases phagocytosis of non-opsonised cryptococci by murine and human macrophages. The increased phagocytosis observed in Tlr4-/- cells was dampened by pre-treatment of macrophages with oxidised-LDL, a known ligand of scavenger receptors. The scavenger receptor, macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) (also known as SR-A1 or CD204) was upregulated in Tlr4-/- macrophages. Genetic ablation of MSR1 resulted in a 75% decrease in phagocytosis of non-opsonised cryptococci, strongly suggesting that it is a key non-opsonic receptor for this pathogen. We go on to show that MSR1-mediated uptake likely involves the formation of a multimolecular signalling complex involving FcγR leading to SYK, PI3K, p38 and ERK1/2 activation to drive actin remodelling and phagocytosis. Altogether, our data indicate a hitherto unidentified role for TLR4/MSR1 crosstalk in the non-opsonic phagocytosis of C. neoformans.
Assuntos
Criptococose , Fagocitose , Receptores Depuradores Classe A , Receptor 4 Toll-Like , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Cryptococcus neoformans , Macrófagos/microbiologia , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/genética , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/metabolismoRESUMO
Background: SCARA5 may play an important role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Materials & methods: PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression and promoter methylation of SCARA5. Cell proliferation assays, spheroid culture, flow cytometry analysis, Transwell assays and xenotransplantation tests were utilized to determine the functional effects of SCARA5. RNA-sequencing, western blotting, immunofluorescence and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to assess SCARA5-mediated outcomes. Results: SCARA5 was downregulated by promoter methylation. Overexpression of SCARA5 inhibited cell migration, invasion and proliferation. SCARA5 enhanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell sensitivity to chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. SCARA5 drives tumor apoptosis by downregulating HSPA2. Conclusion: SCARA5 may be a useful clinical marker in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Humanos , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/genética , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patologia , Genes Supressores de Tumor , Proliferação de Células/genética , Movimento Celular/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/genética , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/metabolismoRESUMO
Scavenger receptor class A, member 5 (SCARA5) has been identified a novel tumor suppressor in several cancers. However, the functional and underlying mechanism of SCARA5 in bladder cancer (BC) need investigation. Here, we found SCARA5 expression was downregulated in both BC tissues and cell lines. Low SCARA5 in BC tissues was associated with a shorter overall survival. Moreover, SCARA5 overexpression reduced BC cell viability, colony formation, invasion, and migration. Further investigation demonstrated that the expression of SCARA5 was negatively regulated by miR-141. Furthermore, the long non-coding RNA prostate cancer associated transcript 29 (PCAT29) inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of BC cells by sponging miR-141. Luciferase activity assays revealed that PCAT29 targeted miR-141 and miR-141 targeted SCARA5. In conclusion, SCARA5, as a downstream factor of the PCAT29/miR-141 axis, inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC cells. These findings provide novel insights into the detailed molecular mechanisms of BC development.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs , RNA Longo não Codificante , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Masculino , Humanos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/genética , Genes Supressores de Tumor , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/genética , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , MicroRNAs/genética , Movimento Celular/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/genética , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/metabolismoRESUMO
Aim: This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between SCARA5 and RMRP in bladder cancer and their underlying mechanism. Methods: Biological functions were evaluated using cell-counting kit 8 assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation, wound healing and Transwell assays. RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down and chromatin immunoprecipitation were employed. A xenograft tumor model in nude mice was also conducted. Results & conclusion: RMRP and SCARA5 exhibited an inverse correlation. Downregulation of RMRP significantly suppressed bladder cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, which was reversed by SCARA5 overexpression. RMRP recruited DNA methyltransferases to the promoter region of SCARA5, thereby triggering the methylation of the SCARA5 promoter to epigenetically suppress its expression. Our findings elucidate the machinery by which RMRP, stabilized by METTL3, exerts a promoter role in bladder cancer tumorigenesis by triggering SCARA5 methylation.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs , RNA Longo não Codificante , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Animais , Camundongos , Humanos , Regulação para Cima , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Camundongos Nus , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/genética , Ativação Transcricional , Proliferação de Células , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Metiltransferases/genética , Metiltransferases/metabolismo , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/genética , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/metabolismoRESUMO
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) play an essential role in tumor development by secreting exosomes. Scavenger receptor class A member 5 (SCARA5) is a newly identified tumor suppressor. This study aimed to investigate the effects of BMSCs-derived exosomes (BMSCs-Exos) on CRC development and to explore their regulatory mechanisms. BMSCs-Exos showed an oval-shaped, bilayer membrane structure. BMSCs-Exos inhibited growth and motility of CRC cells, while BMSCs-Exos with SCARA5 knockdown significantly promoted cell proliferation and movement. Exosomal SCARA5 also effectively suppressed colorectal tumor growth in mouse xenografts. Further analysis revealed that exosomal SCARA5 inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and phosphoinositide 3-kinase in both CRC cells and tumors. In conclusion, SCARA5 in BMSCs-Exos inhibited CRC progression by inactivating PI3K/Akt, thus suggesting the potential clinical application of SCARA5-containing BMSCs-Exos for CRC treatment.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Exossomos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , MicroRNAs , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Exossomos/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/metabolismoRESUMO
Quantitative abnormalities in factor VIII (FVIII) and its binding partner, von Willebrand factor (VWF), are associated with an increased risk of bleeding or thrombosis, and pathways that regulate the clearance of VWF-FVIII can strongly influence their plasma levels. In 2010, the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genome Epidemiology (CHARGE) on genome-wide association study meta-analysis identified variants in the genes for the sinusoidal endothelial receptors C-type lectin domain family 4 member M (CLEC4M), stabilin-2, and scavenger receptor class A member 5 (SCARA5) as being associated with plasma levels of VWF and/or FVIII in normal individuals. The ability of these receptors to bind, internalize, and clear the VWF-FVIII complex from the circulation has now been reported in a series of studies using in vitro and in vivo models. The receptor stabilin-2 has also been shown to modulate the immune response to infused VWF-FVIII concentrates in a murine model. In addition, the influence of genetic variants in CLEC4M, STAB2, and SCARA5 on type 1 von Willebrand disease/low VWF phenotype, FVIII pharmacokinetics, and the risk of venous thromboembolism has been described in a number of patient-based studies. Understanding the role of these receptors in the regulation of VWF-FVIII clearance has led to significant insights into the genomic architecture that modulates plasma VWF and FVIII levels, improving the understanding of pathways that regulate VWF-FVIII clearance and the mechanistic basis of quantitative VWF-FVIII pathologies.
Assuntos
Hemostáticos , Trombose , Doenças de von Willebrand , Animais , Camundongos , Fator de von Willebrand/metabolismo , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Fator VIII/genética , Hemostasia/genética , Trombose/genética , Trombose/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Receptores de Superfície Celular/genética , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Doenças de von Willebrand/metabolismo , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: CircRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of several central nervous system diseases. However, their functions and mechanisms in spinal cord injury (SCI) are still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate circRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the pathological setting of SCI and to predict the potential function of circRNA through bioinformatics. METHODS: A microarray-based approach was used for the simultaneous measurement of circRNAs and mRNAs, together with qPCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization, western immunoblotting, and dual-luciferase reporter assays to investigate the associated regulatory mechanisms in a rat SCI model. RESULTS: SCI was found to be associated with the differential expression of 414 and 5337 circRNAs and mRNAs, respectively. Pathway enrichment analyses were used to predict the primary function of these circRNAs and mRNAs. GSEA analysis showed that differentially expressed mRNAs were primarily associated with inflammatory immune response activity. Further screening of these inflammation-associated genes was used to construct and analyze a competing endogenous RNA network. RNO_CIRCpedia_4214 was knocked down in vitro, resulting in reduced expression of Msr1, while the expression of RNO-miR-667-5p and Arg1 was increased. Dual-luciferase assays demonstrated that RNO_CIRCpedia_4214 bound to RNO-miR-667-5p. The RNO_CIRCpedia_4214/RNO-miR-667-5p/Msr1 axis may be a potential ceRNA that promotes macrophage M2-like polarization in SCI. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results highlighted the critical role that circRNAs may play in the pathophysiology of SCI and the discovery of a potential ceRNA mechanism based on novel circRNAs that regulates macrophage polarization, providing new targets for the treatment of SCI.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal , Animais , Ratos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Luciferases/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , RNA Circular/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/genética , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/metabolismoRESUMO
Obesity induces a chronic inflammatory state associated with changes in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). Macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) has been implicated in the regulation of adipose tissue inflammation and diabetes pathogenesis; however, reports have been mixed on the contribution of MSR1 in obesity and glucose intolerance. We observed increased MSR1 expression in VAT of obese diabetic individuals compared to non-diabetic and single nuclear RNA sequencing identified macrophage-specific expression of MSR1 in human adipose tissue. We examined male Msr1-/- (Msr1KO) and WT controls and observed protection from obesity and AT inflammation in non-littermate Msr1KO mice. We then evaluated obese littermate Msr1+/- (Msr1HET) and Msr1KO mice. Both Msr1KO mice and Msr1HET mice became obese and insulin resistant when compared to their normal chow diet counterparts, but there was no Msr1-dependent difference in body weight, glucose metabolism, or insulin resistance. Flow cytometry revealed no significant differences between genotypes in ATM subtypes or proliferation in male and female mice. We observed increased frequency of proliferating ATMs in obese female compared to male mice. Overall, we conclude that while MSR1 is a biomarker of diabetes status in human adipose tissue, in mice Msr1 is not required for obesity-associated insulin resistance or ATM accumulation.
Assuntos
Resistência à Insulina , Obesidade , Receptores Depuradores Classe A , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/genética , Obesidade/metabolismo , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/metabolismoRESUMO
Hydrocephalus has been observed in rats with spontaneous hypertension (SHRs). It has been demonstrated that activation of the oxidative stress related protein retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) has neuroprotective impacts. Our investigation aims to determine the potential role and mechanism of RARα in hydrocephalus. The RARα-specific agonist (Am80) and RARα inhibitor (AGN196996) were used to investigate the role of RARα in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion in the choroid plexus of SHRs. Evaluations of CSF secretion, ventricular volume, Western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining were performed. Hydrocephalus and CSF hypersecretion were identified in SHRs but not in Wistar-Kyoto rats, occurring at the age of 7 weeks. The RARα/MAFB/MSR1 pathway was also activated in SHRs. Therapy with Am80 beginning in week 5 decreased CSF hypersecretion, hydrocephalus development, and pathological changes in choroid plexus alterations by week 7. AGN196996 abolished the effect of Am80. In conclusion, activation of the RARα attenuated CSF hypersecretion to inhibit hydrocephalus development via regulating the MAFB/MSR1 pathway. RARα may act as a possible therapeutic target for hydrocephalus.
Assuntos
Hidrocefalia , Hipertensão , Animais , Ratos , Plexo Corióideo/metabolismo , Hidrocefalia/metabolismo , Hipertensão/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição MafB/metabolismo , Proteínas Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Endogâmicos WKY , Receptores Depuradores Classe A/metabolismoRESUMO
In heart failure, the biological and clinical connection between abnormal iron homeostasis, myocardial function, and prognosis is known; however, the expression profiles of iron-linked genes both at myocardial tissue and single-cell level are not well defined. Through publicly available bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets of left ventricle samples from adult non-failed (NF) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) subjects, we aim to evaluate the altered iron metabolism in a diseased condition, at the whole cardiac tissue and single-cell level. From the bulk RNA-seq data, we found 223 iron-linked genes expressed at the myocardial tissue level and 44 differentially expressed between DCM and NF subjects. At the single-cell level, at least 18 iron-linked expressed genes were significantly regulated in DCM when compared to NF subjects. Specifically, the iron metabolism in DCM cardiomyocytes is altered at several levels, including: (1) imbalance of Fe3+ internalization (SCARA5 down-regulation) and reduction of internal conversion from Fe3+ to Fe2+ (STEAP3 down-regulation), (2) increase of iron consumption to produce hemoglobin (HBA1/2 up-regulation), (3) higher heme synthesis and externalization (ALAS2 and ABCG2 up-regulation), (4) lower cleavage of heme to Fe2+, biliverdin and carbon monoxide (HMOX2 down-regulation), and (5) positive regulation of hepcidin (BMP6 up-regulation).