RESUMO
Japanese scientists were involved in pioneering work on therapeutic antisera and have made huge contributions to the characterization of the antibody molecules that are responsible for this and many other biological activities, as well as working back to understand the B cells that produce these Igs. This review emphasizes the role of Japanese immunologists in this field, starting with their work in developing antisera and studying the structure of Igs. It describes the molecular mechanisms that generate the enormous antibody repertoire and regulate B-cell development and signaling. It also details the importance of the germinal center in generating B-cell memory and the terminal differentiation of B cells as antibody-secreting plasma cells.
Assuntos
Anticorpos/história , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos/química , Anticorpos/imunologia , Rearranjo Gênico do Linfócito B , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Memória Imunológica , Japão , Plasmócitos/imunologia , Receptores Imunológicos/história , Receptores Imunológicos/imunologia , Hipermutação Somática de ImunoglobulinaAssuntos
Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/história , Isoantígenos/história , Células Matadoras Ativadas por Linfocina/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Receptores Imunológicos/história , Tetra-Hidronaftalenos/história , Animais , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/imunologia , História do Século XX , Interleucina-2/história , Interleucina-2/farmacologia , Isoantígenos/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Receptores Imunológicos/fisiologia , Tetra-Hidronaftalenos/análiseAssuntos
Citotoxicidade Imunológica , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/história , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária , Animais , Citotoxicidade Imunológica/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , História do Século XX , Humanos , Células Matadoras Naturais/metabolismo , Ativação Linfocitária/genética , Camundongos , Receptores Imunológicos/história , Receptores KIRRESUMO
A physiologically relevant thrombopoietin (TPO) must be a humoral regulator with lineage specificity for megakaryocytes and their precursors. It should be capable of stimulating platelet production in normal animals, and elevated levels of TPO should be detectable in the plasma following acute, severe thrombocytopenia. Acute thrombocytopenia provides a model system that is likely to predict the effects of TPO, since many of the effects on megakaryocytes and platelets observed after induction of acute thrombocytopenia would be mediated by TPO. Important questions remain to be answered. Do the currently available data for the c-Mpl ligand explain previously published data that describe elevated levels of Meg-CSF in the circulation following production of bone marrow aplasia? Does the c-Mpl ligand account for all of the megakaryocyte stimulatory factors that have been described? Is there another factor that accounts for at least some of the acute alterations in megakaryocytopoiesis that occur immediately following a decrease in platelet levels?