RESUMO
The detection of trypsin and its inhibitors is important for both clinical diagnosis and disease treatment. Abnormal trypsin activity affects pancreatic function and leads to corresponding pathological changes in the body. Therefore, the study presented a riboflavin-induced photo-ATRP electrochemical assay of trypsin activity and its inhibitor, including detection of trypsin activity in real urine samples. Experiments were performed on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes modified with sulfhydryl groups of 3-mercaptopropionic acid, and target trypsin-specific cleavage of BSA-Au nanocluster (BSA-Au NCs) was followed by the modification of Au NCs to the electrodes using Au-S. The Au NCs immobilized monodeoxy-monomercapto-ß-cyclodextrin@adamantan-2-amine (SH-ß-CD@2-NH2-Ada) host-guest inclusion complexes to the electrode surfaces via Au-S. In a two-component photo-initiator system consisting of riboflavin as an initiator and ascorbic acid (AA) as a mild reducing agent under mild blue light radiation, a large number of electroactive substances were grafted onto the electrode surface to generate electrochemical signals. In addition, we have successfully realized the detection of clinical drug inhibitors of trypsin. The detection limit of the system is as low as 0.0024 ng/mL, which much littler than the average standard of trypsin in the patient's urine or serum. It's worth noting that this work will provide researchers with a different route to design electrochemical sensors based on non-covalent recognition strategies.
Assuntos
Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Eletrodos , Ouro , Riboflavina , Tripsina , Riboflavina/química , Riboflavina/urina , Tripsina/metabolismo , Tripsina/química , Humanos , Ouro/química , Biomarcadores/urina , Biomarcadores/sangue , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Processos Fotoquímicos , Limite de Detecção , Soroalbumina Bovina/química , Compostos de Estanho/química , Inibidores da Tripsina/química , Inibidores da Tripsina/farmacologia , Inibidores da Tripsina/urinaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Fluorescence spectroscopy of human urine is a method with the potential to gain importance as a diagnostic tool in the medical field, e.g., for measuring Coproporphyrin III (CPIII) as an indicator of cancer and acute types of porphyria. Food can change human urine's color, which could influence the urine fluorescence spectrum and the detection of CPIII in urine. To determine if there is a noticeable influence on the urine fluorescence spectrum or on the detection of CPIII in urine, 16 vitamin supplements, and three food items were tested. Such investigation may also prevent false interpretation of measured data. METHODS: Urine samples were collected before and after (overnight, ca. 8 h) intake of each test substance. Samples were investigated by fluorescence spectrum analysis. At excitation wavelengths from 300 to 500 nm and emission wavelengths from 400 to 700 nm excitation-emission-matrices were measured. Data obtained from urine before intake were compared to the data from overnight urine. Furthermore, the investigation of any interference with the CPIII concentration was performed at an excitation wavelength of 407 ± 3 nm and emission wavelengths of 490-800 nm. RESULTS: Only vitamin B2, but none of the other tested substances, showed noticeable influence on the urine fluorescence spectrum. None of the tested substances showed noticeable interference with the recovery rate of CPIII. CONCLUSIONS: The correct interpretation of measured data by fluorescence spectroscopy is possible with the exception if vitamin B2 supplementation was performed; thus, the consumption of vitamin B2 supplements before fluorescence testing of the patient's urine should be avoided and/or must be requested. CPIII concentrations could reliably be measured in all cases.
Assuntos
Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Vitaminas , Humanos , Vitaminas/urina , Alimentos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Urinálise , Riboflavina/urinaRESUMO
Determination of folic acid and riboflavin in biological samples is difficult due to their high polarity, low concentration, chemical instability, and complex matrix. In this study, the polypyrrole-coated magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4@PPy) was synthesized innovatively with the assistance of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. To evaluate the adsorption mechanism and the feasibility of synthesized Fe3O4@PPy as an adsorbent, the adsorption capacities, kinetics and thermodynamics of folic acid and riboflavin were investigated systemically. Furthermore, in light of the chemical instability of folic acid and riboflavin a method for rapid extraction and detection of them from human urine within 10 min was developed successfully by combining magnetic solid phase extraction with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (MSPE/UPLC). The adsorption parameters including sorbent amount, pH value, extraction time, desorption solvent and desorption time were studied. Under optimum conditions, the performance of the established determination method was validated with the linearly dependent coefficients (>0.9995), the limits of detection (0.02-0.05 µg/mL), the limits of quantification (0.07-0.18 µg/mL), and the recoveries (92.2-105.1%, with relative standard deviation < 3.3%). The rapid extraction and detection of folic acid and riboflavin from real urine samples were achieved subsequently. The present study suggests that the developed method exhibits a promising application in the analysis of free folic acid and riboflavin in human urine samples, which can provide a reference for the clinical drug monitoring and treatment.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Ácido Fólico/urina , Magnetismo/métodos , Polímeros/química , Pirróis/química , Riboflavina/urina , Extração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Adsorção , Humanos , Limite de Detecção , Nanocompostos/química , Solventes/químicaRESUMO
Metabolomics is a powerful tool for the investigation of interactions between diet, nutrients, and human metabolism. Ecklonia cava is an edible brown alga that is abundantly found in Korea and Japan and contains unique polyphenols referred to as phlorotannins. However, there are few metabolomics studies related to the effects of polyphenols in humans. In this study, we performed a mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis of urine samples from participants with a body mass index (BMI) higher than 25 kg/m2 and lower than 30 kg/m2 to investigate the effects of the intake of seapolynol isolated from E. cava. Metabolomic profiling showed that the levels of riboflavin, urocanic acid, 5-hydroxy-6-methoxyindole glucuronide, and guanidino valeric acid were significantly increased in the seapolynol intake group compared with the placebo group. A correlation analysis was performed to identify the association between the metabolites' levels and clinical characteristics related to body fat. Among the metabolites whose concentrations changed in the seapolynol intake group, riboflavin was associated with BMI, body weight, fat mass, and percent body fat. These findings suggest that the decreased body fat induced by the intake of seapolynol is related to an increase in the antioxidant effect of riboflavin.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Sobrepeso/urina , Phaeophyceae , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Adulto , Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Guanidinas/urina , Humanos , Indóis/urina , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas , Metabolômica , Riboflavina/urina , Ácido Urocânico/urinaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The design of training programs for football players is not straightforward due to intra- and inter-individual variability that leads to different physiological responses under similar training loads. OBJECTIVE: To study the association between the external load, defined by variables obtained using electronic performance tracking systems (EPTS), and the urinary metabolome as a surrogate of the metabolic adaptation to training. METHODS: Urine metabolic and EPTS data from 80 professional football players collected in an observational longitudinal study were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and assessed by partial least squares (PLS) regression. RESULTS: PLS models identified steroid hormone metabolites, hypoxanthine metabolites, acetylated amino acids, intermediates in phenylalanine metabolism, tyrosine, tryptophan metabolites, and riboflavin among the most relevant variables associated with external load. Metabolic network analysis identified enriched pathways including steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism of tyrosine and tryptophan. The ratio of players showing a deviation from the PLS model of adaptation to exercise was higher among those who suffered a muscular lesion compared to those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant association between the external load and the urinary metabolic profile, with alteration of biochemical pathways associated with long-term adaptation to training. Future studies should focus on the validation of these findings and the development of metabolic models to identify professional football players at risk of developing muscular injuries.
Assuntos
Metabolômica , Futebol , Adolescente , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/urina , Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais/metabolismo , Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais/urina , Humanos , Hipoxantina/metabolismo , Hipoxantina/urina , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Masculino , Fenilalanina/metabolismo , Fenilalanina/urina , Riboflavina/metabolismo , Riboflavina/urina , Triptofano/metabolismo , Triptofano/urina , Tirosina/metabolismo , Tirosina/urina , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF) is an emerging technology for sensitive detection. It relies on the plasmonic effect of a noble metal nanostructure to dramatically enhance the fluorescence of target fluorophores around the metal surface. Because there is a compromise between plasmonic enhancement and fluorescence quenching, it is critical to control the distance between the fluorophore and the metal surface to an appropriate range. This makes the fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures for PEF assays a challenging task. Herein, we report a controllably prepared core-shell plasmonic nanostructure coated with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for sensitive and specific PEF assay. Riboflavin (RF) was used as a test compound in this study. RF-imprinted Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared in a controllable manner, providing an optimal distance between the metal surface and RF molecules. The obtained hybrid nanostructure allowed for sensitive detection and specific recognition towards the target. Based on the plasmonic hybrid nanostructure, a sensitive and specific PEF assay of RF was developed and successfully applied to the determination of RF in human urine. Thus, the study paved the way for controllable preparation of molecularly imprinted plasmonic nanostructures for sensitive and specific PEF assays.
Assuntos
Nanopartículas/química , Riboflavina/urina , Dióxido de Silício/química , Prata/química , Complexo Vitamínico B/urina , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Fluorescência , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Humanos , Impressão Molecular/métodos , Polímeros/química , Riboflavina/análise , Espectrometria de Fluorescência/métodos , Complexo Vitamínico B/análiseRESUMO
This paper put forward a prospective pre-cleanup method of packed-fiber solid phase extraction by using Polypyrrole (Ppy) electrospun nanofibers as the sorbent to simultaneously extract three water-soluble vitamins (i.e., folic acid, cyanocobalamin and riboflavin) in human urine. Primary extraction of target analytes was carried out by loading samples onto the column along with diphenylboronic acid 2-aminoethylester (DPBA) reagent, and then the column should be rinsed with DPBA solution for three times before eluting. The DPBA was innovatively applied as complexing reagent to retain as much of three analytes as possible on the column based on the multi interaction between three vitamins and the boronate affinity reagent, thus improving hydrophobicity of targets and adsorption efficiency through loading and rinsing steps. Under optimized conditions, sample concentration factor was five times with small amount of organic solvent consumed and recoveries between 84.9% to 125.4%, and the lowest detection limit (LOD) between 0.020 to 0.041 µg/mL were achieved. Finally, the urine samples from a group of healthy children were processed with the optimized method. It proved that the proposed method is applicable in the determination of urinary B-vitamins in big samples of people.
Assuntos
Ácido Fólico/urina , Nanofibras/química , Polímeros/química , Pirróis/química , Riboflavina/urina , Extração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Vitamina B 12/urina , Adsorção , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Limite de Detecção , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , SolubilidadeRESUMO
The application of electrophoresis upon commercial threads is investigated for development of low-cost diagnostics assays, designed for the matrix separation and quantification of low abundance metabolites in complex samples - in this work riboflavin in human urine. Zone electrophoresis was evaluated upon 8 commercially available threads, with several synthetic threads exhibiting higher electroosmotic flow (EOF) and increased electrophoretic mobility of the rhodamine 6G, rhodamine B, and fluorescein. Of those tested, a nylon bundle was selected as the best platform, offering less band dispersion and higher resolution, a high relative EOF, whilst minimising the contribution of joule heating. A novel 3D printed platform was designed, based on a modular system, facilitating the electrophoresis process and rapid assembly, whilst offering the potential for multiplexed analysis or investigation of more complex systems. Using the thread-based electrophoresis system, riboflavin was determined in less than 2 min. The device exhibited a linear working range from 0.1 to 15 µg/mL of riboflavin in urine, and was in good agreement with capillary electrophoresis measurements.
Assuntos
Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas , Riboflavina/urina , Eletroforese Capilar/instrumentação , Fluoresceína , Humanos , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/instrumentação , Rodaminas/química , Riboflavina/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Soy phytoestrogens are potential alternatives to postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Adverse effects of HRT such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and pulmonary embolism are mediated by calcium-induced signaling. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether soy isoflavones affect serum calcium in healthy female subjects. DESIGN: In a double-blind trial, 197 premenopausal women were randomly assigned to either isoflavone (N = 99) or placebo pills (N = 98) 5 days per week for up to 2 years, plus prenatal vitamins. Isoflavone pills contained 60 mg genistein, 60 mg daidzein and 16.6 mg glycitein (expressed as aglycone equivalents). All pills contained 15 mg riboflavin as an adherence marker. Blood chemistries and urinary daidzein, genistein and riboflavin were measured multiple times during the luteal phase before and during treatment. RESULTS: Analysis of the adherent population (N = 83 per group), revealed significantly strong associations between urinary levels of isoflavones and serum concentrations of calcium (regression coefficients 0.082 for daidzein and 0.229 for genistein, all P < 0.01) and chloride (regression coefficient, -1.537 for genistein, P < 0.0001), mediated in part by albumin. The effects amounted to mean changes of +0.24 mg/dL for calcium and -1.45 mEq/L for chloride, with each visit for subjects excreting the most vs. the least amounts of isoflavones. These associations were not evident in the intention-to-treat analysis (N = 197) that did not assess expected variations in isoflavone levels within and between subjects from metabolism and adherence. CONCLUSIONS: These novel and strong effects of soy isoflavones on calcium homeostasis have important implications for long term effects of these natural substances on cardiovascular diseases.
Assuntos
Cálcio/sangue , Cloretos/sangue , Glycine max/química , Isoflavonas/administração & dosagem , Fitoestrógenos/administração & dosagem , Pré-Menopausa/metabolismo , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Genisteína/administração & dosagem , Genisteína/urina , Humanos , Isoflavonas/urina , Placebos , Riboflavina/urinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Medication adherence is critical for success of clinical trials. OBJECTIVE: To assess oral riboflavin is an adherence marker. METHODS: Riboflavin was incorporated into active treatment and placebo pills for a clinical trial lasting for 2 years. RESULTS: The accuracy (area under the receiver operating curve) of urinary riboflavin was 0.91 as a binary classifier of adherence, and was similar or better than for two active study ingredients daidzein (0.92) and genistein (0.87) (all p < 0.0001). Decreased adherence over time was similar in the two study groups. CONCLUSION: Riboflavin is an accurate and useful biomarker for study pill ingestion.
Assuntos
Adesão à Medicação , Riboflavina/urina , Adulto , Biomarcadores/urina , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Genisteína , Humanos , Isoflavonas , Pré-MenopausaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is still diagnosed through behavioral observation, due to a lack of laboratory biomarkers, which could greatly aid clinicians in providing earlier and more reliable diagnoses. Metabolomics on human biofluids provides a sensitive tool to identify metabolite profiles potentially usable as biomarkers for ASD. Initial metabolomic studies, analyzing urines and plasma of ASD and control individuals, suggested that autistic patients may share some metabolic abnormalities, despite several inconsistencies stemming from differences in technology, ethnicity, age range, and definition of "control" status. METHODS: ASD-specific urinary metabolomic patterns were explored at an early age in 30 ASD children and 30 matched controls (age range 2-7, M:F = 22:8) using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC)-UHPLC and mass spectrometry, a highly sensitive, accurate, and unbiased approach. Metabolites were then subjected to multivariate statistical analysis and grouped by metabolic pathway. RESULTS: Urinary metabolites displaying the largest differences between young ASD and control children belonged to the tryptophan and purine metabolic pathways. Also, vitamin B6, riboflavin, phenylalanine-tyrosine-tryptophan biosynthesis, pantothenate and CoA, and pyrimidine metabolism differed significantly. ASD children preferentially transform tryptophan into xanthurenic acid and quinolinic acid (two catabolites of the kynurenine pathway), at the expense of kynurenic acid and especially of melatonin. Also, the gut microbiome contributes to altered tryptophan metabolism, yielding increased levels of indolyl 3-acetic acid and indolyl lactate. CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic pathways most distinctive of young Italian autistic children largely overlap with those found in rodent models of ASD following maternal immune activation or genetic manipulations. These results are consistent with the proposal of a purine-driven cell danger response, accompanied by overproduction of epileptogenic and excitotoxic quinolinic acid, large reductions in melatonin synthesis, and gut dysbiosis. These metabolic abnormalities could underlie several comorbidities frequently associated to ASD, such as seizures, sleep disorders, and gastrointestinal symptoms, and could contribute to autism severity. Their diagnostic sensitivity, disease-specificity, and interethnic variability will merit further investigation.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista/urina , Disbiose/urina , Metabolômica/métodos , Purinas/urina , Triptofano/urina , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/complicações , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/urina , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Coenzima A/urina , Disbiose/complicações , Disbiose/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Ácidos Indolacéticos/urina , Itália , Ácido Cinurênico/urina , Masculino , Melatonina/urina , Ácido Pantotênico/urina , Pirimidinas/urina , Ácido Quinolínico/urina , Riboflavina/urina , Vitamina B 6/urina , Xanturenatos/urinaRESUMO
Urinary riboflavin excretion and erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient are frequently applied in determining riboflavin requirement. Previously, we found that plasma riboflavin is a sensitive marker in the assessment of riboflavin status in rat models. Here, we hypothesize that plasma riboflavin is a useful maker in studying riboflavin requirement. This study examines the changes of fasting plasma riboflavin and urinary riboflavin excretion in response to different riboflavin intake levels in Chinese male adults. The estimated average requirement (EAR) of riboflavin was extrapolated. Seventy-eight participants were randomly divided into the control and 5 riboflavin-supplemented groups. A 6-week riboflavin supplementation was performed at the doses of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, or 1.0 mg daily. The energy expenditure was 15.4 ± 1.9 MJ/d, as estimated by the 24-hour physical activity recording method. Dietary riboflavin intake was 1.0 ± 0.2 mg/d, based on chemical analysis. The fasting plasma riboflavin was increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner when the supplemented riboflavin exceeded 0.4 mg/d and the EAR of riboflavin was suggested to be between 1.3 and 1.5 mg/d. In addition, we found a significant increase in fasting urinary riboflavin excretion when the supplemented riboflavin exceeded 0.6 mg/d. The critical point was calculated as 1.4 mg/d, based on the intersecting point of the 2 regression lines at lower and higher riboflavin intakes. These findings demonstrate that plasma riboflavin is a sensitive marker for riboflavin status, and the EAR of riboflavin for Chinese male adults is 1.4 mg.
Assuntos
Povo Asiático , Necessidades Nutricionais , Riboflavina/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Metabolismo Energético , Eritrócitos , Exercício Físico , Jejum , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação Nutricional , Riboflavina/administração & dosagem , Riboflavina/urina , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Fatty liver is caused when rats are given orotic acid of the pyrimidine base in large quantities. The lack of B-group vitamins suppresses the biosynthesis of fatty acids. We investigated how orotic acid-induced fatty liver affects the concentrations of liver, blood, and urine B-group vitamins in rats. The vitamin B6 and B12 concentrations of liver, blood, and urine were not affected by orotic acid-induced fatty liver. Vitamin B2 was measured only in the urine, but was unchanged. The liver, blood, and urine concentrations of niacin and its metabolites fell dramatically. Niacin and its metabolites in the liver, blood, and urine were affected as expected. Although the concentrations of vitamin B1, pantothenic acid, folate, and biotin in liver and blood were decreased by orotic acid-induced fatty liver, these urinary excretion amounts showed a specific pattern toward increase. Generally, as for the typical urinary excretion of B-group vitamins, these are excreted when the body is saturated. However, the ability to sustain vitamin B1, pantothenic acid, folate, and biotin decreased in fatty liver, which is hypothesized as a specific phenomenon. This metabolic response might occur to prevent an abnormally increased biosynthesis of fatty acids by orotic acid.
Assuntos
Fígado Gorduroso/sangue , Fígado Gorduroso/urina , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Orótico/efeitos adversos , Complexo Vitamínico B/sangue , Complexo Vitamínico B/urina , Animais , Biotina/sangue , Biotina/urina , Fígado Gorduroso/induzido quimicamente , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Ácido Fólico/urina , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Niacina/sangue , Niacina/urina , Ácido Pantotênico/sangue , Ácido Pantotênico/urina , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Riboflavina/sangue , Riboflavina/urina , Tiamina/sangue , Tiamina/urina , Vitamina B 6/sangue , Vitamina B 6/urina , Aumento de PesoRESUMO
The current study compared adherence rates as measured by two indirect measurement methods (pill count and daily medication diary) to two direct measurement methods (urine riboflavin and serum 6-OH-buspirone level measurement) among participants (n = 109) in a medication treatment trial for cannabis dependence. Pill count and diary data showed high levels of percent agreement and strong kappa coefficients throughout the study. Riboflavin levels indicated lower level of percent in adherence during the study as compared to both pill count and self-report. In the subset of participants with 6-OH-buspirone levels (n = 58), the kappa coefficient also showed low to moderate agreement between the pill count and medication diaries with 6-OH-buspirone levels. In contrast to pill count and medication diaries, adherence as measured by riboflavin and 6-OH-buspirone significantly decreased over time. The findings from this study support previous work demonstrating that pill count and patient self-report of medication taking likely overestimate rates of medication adherence, and may become less reliable as the duration of a clinical trial increases.
Assuntos
Buspirona/sangue , Abuso de Maconha/terapia , Adesão à Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/métodos , Riboflavina/urina , Agonistas do Receptor de Serotonina/sangue , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/urina , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Autorrelato , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Changes in body water elicit reflex adjustments at the kidney, thus maintaining fluid volume homeostasis. These renal adjustments change the concentration and color of urine, variables that can, in turn, be used as biomarkers of hydration status. It has been suggested that vitamin supplementation alters urine color; it is unclear whether any such alteration would confound hydration assessment via colorimetric evaluation. We tested the hypothesis that overnight vitamin B2 and/or B12 supplementation alters urine color as a marker of hydration status. Thirty healthy volunteers were monitored during a 3-day euhydrated baseline, confirmed via first morning nude body mass, urine specific gravity, and urine osmolality. Volunteers then randomly received B2 (n = 10), B12 (n = 10), or B2 + B12 (n = 10) at â¼200 × recommended dietary allowance. Euhydration was verified on trial days (two of the following: body mass ± 1.0% of the mean of visits 1-3, urine specific gravity < 1.02, urine osmolality < 700 mmol/kg). Vitamin purity and urinary B2 concentration ([B2]) and [B12] were quantified via ultraperformance liquid chromatography. Two independent observers assessed urine color using an eight-point standardized color chart. Following supplementation, urinary [B2] was elevated; however, urine color was not different between nonsupplemented and supplemented trials. For example, in the B2 trial, urinary [B2] increased from 8.6 × 10(4) ± 7.7 × 10(4) to 5.7 × 10(6) ± 5.3 × 10(6) nmol/l (P < 0.05), and urine color went from 4 ± 1 to 5 ± 1 (P > 0.05). Both conditions met the euhydrated color classification. We conclude that a large overnight dose of vitamins B2 and B12 does not confound assessment of euhydrated status via urine color.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/urina , Desidratação/fisiopatologia , Desidratação/urina , Riboflavina/urina , Urina/química , Vitamina B 12/urina , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Água Corporal/fisiologia , Cor , Desidratação/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/fisiologiaRESUMO
Given that cannabis use is increasing in the United States, pharmacological treatment options to treat cannabis use disorder are needed. Opioid antagonists modulate cannabinoid effects and may offer a potential approach to reducing cannabis use. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled human laboratory study, we assessed the effects of naltrexone maintenance on the reinforcing, subjective, psychomotor, and cardiovascular effects of active and inactive cannabis. Nontreatment-seeking, daily cannabis smokers were randomized to receive naltrexone (50 mg: n=18 M and 5 F) or placebo (0 mg; n=26 M and 2 F) capsules for 16 days. Before, during, and after medication maintenance, participants completed 10 laboratory sessions over 4-6 weeks, assessing cannabis' behavioral and cardiovascular effects. Medication compliance was verified by observed capsule administration, plasma naltrexone, and urinary riboflavin. Relative to placebo, maintenance on naltrexone significantly reduced both active cannabis self-administration and its positive subjective effects ('good effect'). Participants in the placebo group had 7.6 times (95% CI: 1.1-51.8) the odds of self-administering active cannabis compared with the naltrexone group. This attenuation of reinforcing and positive subjective effects also influenced cannabis use in the natural ecology. Naltrexone had intrinsic effects: decreasing ratings of friendliness, food intake, and systolic blood pressure, and increasing spontaneous reports of stomach upset and headache, yet dropout rates were comparable between groups. In summary, we show for the first time that maintenance on naltrexone decreased cannabis self-administration and ratings of 'good effect' in nontreatment-seeking daily cannabis smokers. Clinical studies in patients motivated to reduce their cannabis use are warranted to evaluate naltrexone's efficacy as a treatment for cannabis use disorder.
Assuntos
Fumar Maconha/tratamento farmacológico , Naltrexona/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Afeto/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cannabis , Método Duplo-Cego , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fumar Maconha/fisiopatologia , Fumar Maconha/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Naltrexona/efeitos adversos , Naltrexona/sangue , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/efeitos adversos , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/sangue , Cooperação do Paciente , Distribuição Aleatória , Riboflavina/urina , Autoadministração , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Vitamin status and bone strength have been estimated in 91 pregnant women (29.3 ± 4.6 years old) from Moscow by non-invasive methods. Sufficiency with vitamins C, B2, B6 has been evaluated by morning urinary excretion of ascorbic acid, riboflavin and 4-piridoxic acid determined by visual titration and fluorimetric methods. The rate of bone resorption has been measured by the ratio of urinary calcium and creatinine, determined by complexometric titration and spectrophotometrically. The study of the bone strength has been conducted using an ultrasonic densitometer (the speed of the ultrasonic waves along the cortical layer). The lack of vitamin C was found in 20.4% .of the women surveyed, vitamin B2--in 27.4%. Vitamin B6 deficiency was detected most frequently (90%). Excretion of vitamins B2 and B6 in women in the third trimester of pregnancy was lower as compared with the women in the first and second trimester. In 53.3% of the women surveyed an increase in urinary excretion of calcium per creatinine has been observed. Excretion of group B vitamins (especially vitamin B6, 1.75 fold, p < 0.05) in women taking vitamin supplements was higher compared to non-taking vitamins that indicates the better sufficiency of the organism with these vitamins. Among women who took vitamin complexes, inadequate supply with water-soluble vitamins C, B2 and B6 was detected less frequently (the difference was significant for vitamin B2) than among women who did not intake vitamin complexes (in 11.9, 27.7 and 42.4% vs 16.1, 54.8 and 48.8 %). The rate of bone resorption (Ca/creatinine) in women taking vitamins was smaller (0.19 ± 0.09 vs 0.24 ± 0.14, p > 0.05). Ca/creatinine ratio was within normal range in 40% of women who intake vitamins, while in women not taking vitamins--only in 22.2%; this value exceeded the upper limit of norm in the rest. The strength of bone was broken in women in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, having worse supply of vitamins. The percentage of agreement of the results of osteopenia diagnosis assessment (ultrasound densitometry and urinary Ca/creatinine) was 42.2%. Thus, the conclusion has been confirmed that the evaluation of the status of bone is possible only basing on the results of determination of several parameters.
Assuntos
Ácido Ascórbico/urina , Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Gravidez/urina , Riboflavina/urina , Vitamina B 6/urina , Adulto , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
With the help of non-invasive methods the sufficiency with vitamins C, B1 and B2 in 58 newborns (38-40 weeks of gestation) on breastfeeding as well as on mixed or artificial feeding has been evaluated. Urinary excretion and breast content of ascorbic acid (measured by visual titration), thiamin (by thiochrome fluorimetric method) andriboflavin (fluorimetrically by titration with riboflavin-binding protein) was determined on the 3-10th day after birth. 35 infants were exclusively breastfed. 40% of their mothers regularly took multivitamin supplements during pregnancy and 42.9%--both during pregnancy and after childbirth, 17.1% did not use vitamin complexes either duringpregnancy or after childbearing. The content of vitamins C, B1 and B2 in the breast milk of women who did not additionally intake vitamins during pregnancy and lactation, was reduced compared with that of mothers who took multivitamin supplements, and provided only a half of the needs of their child in these vitamins. All these babies have urinary excretion of vitamins below the lower limit of norm. Among infants whose mothers took multivitamin supplements during pregnancy, but stop taking them immediately after their birth, only 28.6% of newborns were provided with vitamin C, while all the children identified a lack of vitamins By and B2. The insufficiency with vitamins C and B1 was detected in one third of children breastfed by mothers who took vitamins during pregnancy and continued intaking them after birth, adequate supplied with vitamin B2 was 35.7% of the surveyed. Determination of vitamin urinary excretion (perg creatinine) is useful for vitamin status evaluation. The content of vitamins in breast milk can be used for assessment of vitamin status both a nursing woman and her child. Taking into consideration that the diet of a breastfeeding woman is not always the best, there is no doubt about the need to continue multivitamin intake during breastfeeding. The question on the doses of vitamins in vitamin-mineral supplements for lactating women, providing vitamin content of breast milk at an optimal level, or intended specifically for infants, nowadays is extensively discussed.
Assuntos
Ácido Ascórbico/urina , Aleitamento Materno , Valor Nutritivo , Riboflavina/urina , Tiamina/urina , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , GravidezRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although organoboronic acids are efficient high-throughput sugar sensors, they have not been pursued for gut permeability studies. A modification of the lactulose/mannitol assay is described by which small intestinal permeability is assessed at the time of urine collection using a lactulose/riboflavin ratio. METHODS: Volunteers ingested 50mg riboflavin and either 5 g mannitol or 10 g lactulose. Urine was collected for 6 hrs. Riboflavin was assayed by autofluorescence. Riboflavin was removed by C18 solid phase extraction. Lactulose and mannitol were then assayed using 1,1'-bis(2-boronobenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (4,4'oBBV) coupled to the fluorophore HPTS. RESULTS: The temporal profile over 6 hrs for riboflavin paralleled mannitol. Riboflavin recovery in urine was 11.1 ± 1.9 % (mean ± SEM, n=7), similar to mannitol. There was selective binding of 4,4'oBBV to lactulose, likely involving cooperativity between the fructose and galactose moieties. Lower limits of detection and quantification were 90 and 364 µM. The lactulose assay was insensitive to other permeability probes (e.g., sucrose, sucralose) while tolerating glucose or lactose. This assay can be adapted to automated systems. Stability of 4,4'oBBV exceeds 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: Riboflavin measured by autofluorescence combined with lactulose measured with 4,4'oBBV represents a useful new chemistry for rapid measurement of intestinal permeability with excellent stability, cost and throughput benefits.
Assuntos
Benzil Viologênio/química , Ácidos Borônicos/química , Intestino Delgado/metabolismo , Lactulose/urina , Permeabilidade , Riboflavina/urina , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The purpose of the present work was to study the level of microelements and vitamins in adolescents with diffuse nontoxic goiter. It has been shown that comorbid biliary dyskinesia leads to significant dysregulation of vitamin and mineral metabolism: the level of essential elements was decreased and the level of toxic elements was increased. Comorbid biliary dyskinesia in adolescents with diffuse nontoxic goiter was accompanied by a disbalance of vitamins. The changes found in micronutrients have sex differences.