RESUMO
Dietary exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA), an industrial chemical present in food containers, affects nutrient metabolism in the myocardium of offspring during intrauterine life. Using a murine model, we observed that fetal hearts from mothers exposed to BPA (2.5 µg/kg/day) for 20 days before mating and for all of the gestation had decreased expression of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1), the principal sugar transporter in the fetal heart, and increased expression of fatty acid cluster of differentiation 36 transporter (CD36), compared to control fetuses from vehicle-treated mothers. We confirmed the suppression of GLUT1 by exposing fetal heart organotypic cultures to BPA (1 nM) for 48 h but did not detect changes in CD36 compared to controls. During pregnancy, the placenta continuously releases extracellular vesicles such as exosomes into fetal circulation. These vesicles influence the growth and development of fetal organs. When fetal heart cultures were treated with cord blood-derived exosomes isolated from BPA-fed animals, GLUT1 expression was increased by approximately 40%. Based on our results, we speculate that exosomes from cord blood, in particular placenta-derived nanovesicles, could contribute to the stabilization of the fetal heart metabolism by ameliorating the harmful effects of BPA on GLUT1 expression.
Assuntos
Compostos Benzidrílicos , Exossomos , Sangue Fetal , Transportador de Glucose Tipo 1 , Miocárdio , Fenóis , Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Ratos , Exossomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Exossomos/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Feto/metabolismo , Transportador de Glucose Tipo 1/metabolismo , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Compostos Benzidrílicos/efeitos adversos , Fenóis/efeitos adversos , DietaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To minimise placental transfer of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) created points to consider (PtC) for the use of TNFi during pregnancy. We are the first to validate the EULAR-PtC by analysing TNFi concentrations in cord blood. METHODS: Patients were derived from the Preconceptional Counselling in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Study. TNFi was stopped at the time points recommended by the EULAR. Maternal blood and cord blood were collected and analysed for the concentration of TNFi. RESULTS: 111 patients were eligible for the analysis. Median stop time points were gestational age (GA) 37.0 weeks for certolizumab pegol, GA 25.0 weeks for etanercept, GA 19.0 weeks for adalimumab and GA 18.4 weeks for infliximab. Certolizumab pegol (n=68) was detectable in 5.9% of cord blood samples, with a median concentration of 0.3 µg/mL (IQR: 0.2-1.3) and a median cord/maternal concentration ratio of 0.010. Etanercept (n=30) was not detected in any cord blood samples. Adalimumab (n=25) was detectable in 48.0% of cord blood samples, with a median concentration of 0.5 µg/mL (IQR: 0.2-0.7) and a median concentration ratio of 0.062 (IQR: 0.018-0.15). Infliximab (n=14) was detectable in 57.1% of cord blood samples, with a median concentration of 0.4 µg/mL (IQR: 0.1-1.2) and a median concentration ratio of 0.012 (IQR: 0.006-0.081). CONCLUSION: Compliance with the EULAR-PtC results in absence or low levels of TNFi in cord blood.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Sangue Fetal/química , Complicações na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Reumatologia/normas , Inibidores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Adalimumab/sangue , Adulto , Antirreumáticos , Artrite Reumatoide/sangue , Certolizumab Pegol/sangue , Etanercepte/sangue , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Infliximab/sangue , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/sangue , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Dephosphorylation inhibitor calyculin A (cal A) has been reported to inhibit the disappearance of radiation-induced γH2AX DNA repair foci in human lymphocytes. However, other studies reported no change in the kinetics of γH2AX focus induction and loss in irradiated cells. While apoptosis might interplay with the kinetics of focus formation, it was not followed in irradiated cells along with DNA repair foci. Thus, to validate plausible explanations for significant variability in outputs of these studies, we evaluated the effect of cal A (1 and 10 nM) on γH2AX/53BP1 DNA repair foci and apoptosis in irradiated (1, 5, 10, and 100 cGy) human umbilical cord blood lymphocytes (UCBL) using automated fluorescence microscopy and annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide assay/γH2AX pan-staining, respectively. No effect of cal A on γH2AX and colocalized γH2AX/53BP1 foci induced by low doses (≤10 cGy) of γ-rays was observed. Moreover, 10 nM cal A treatment decreased the number of all types of DNA repair foci induced by 100 cGy irradiation. 10 nM cal A treatment induced apoptosis already at 2 h of treatment, independently from the delivered dose. Apoptosis was also detected in UCBL treated with lower cal A concentration, 1 nM, at longer cell incubation, 20 and 44 h. Our data suggest that apoptosis triggered by cal A in UCBL may underlie the failure of cal A to maintain radiation-induced γH2AX foci. All DSB molecular markers used in this study responded linearly to low-dose irradiation. Therefore, their combination may represent a strong biodosimetry tool for estimation of radiation response to low doses. Assessment of colocalized γH2AX/53BP1 improved the threshold of low dose detection.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Histonas/metabolismo , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Toxinas Marinhas/farmacologia , Oxazóis/farmacologia , Proteína 1 de Ligação à Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Reparo do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Microscopia de Fluorescência/métodos , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Osteoporosis is a common disease in post-menopausal women. The increased risk of breast cancer and malignancy with hormone replacement, hampers its wide-usage. Phytoestrogens are known to have selective estrogen receptor modulator activity. The present study aims to determine how ferutinin affects unrestricted human Somatic Stem Cells (USSCs) osteogenic differentiation. The effect of ferutinin on USSCs proliferation was assessed by MTT assay while osteogenesis was evaluated using Alkaline Phosphatase Activity (ALP), calcium deposition and Alizarin Red Staining. Quantitative real-time PCR was applied to examine the expression of bone specific genes such as osteocalcin, Runx2, and BMP-2. Ferutinin (5-15 µg/mL) could positively impact on the proliferation of cells in a dose-dependent manner. Also, ALP enzyme activity and calcium deposition were enhanced in the presence of ferutinin. Based on real-time PCR results, ferutinin could increase the expression of bone marker genes. The pattern of ferutinin effect on gene expression is similar to standard synthetic estrogen, 17-ß-estradiol. In the presence of the estrogen activity inhibitor (ICI), the effect of ferutinin on ALP and gene level was diminished. In conclusion, ferutinin may be considered as a potential candidate for the stem cell therapy in osteoporosis.
Assuntos
Células-Tronco Adultas/citologia , Benzoatos/farmacologia , Diferenciação Celular , Cicloeptanos/farmacologia , Sangue Fetal/citologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteogênese , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Células-Tronco Adultas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Adultas/metabolismo , Compostos Bicíclicos com Pontes/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Ferula/química , Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , HumanosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Natural killer (NK)-cell recognition and function against NK-resistant cancers remain substantial barriers to the broad application of NK-cell immunotherapy. Potential solutions include bispecific engagers that target NK-cell activity via an NK-activating receptor when simultaneously targeting a tumor-specific antigen, as well as enhancing functionality using IL12/15/18 cytokine pre-activation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We assessed single-cell NK-cell responses stimulated by the tetravalent bispecific antibody AFM13 that binds CD30 on leukemia/lymphoma targets and CD16A on various types of NK cells using mass cytometry and cytotoxicity assays. The combination of AFM13 and IL12/15/18 pre-activation of blood and cord blood-derived NK cells was investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: We found heterogeneity within AFM13-directed conventional blood NK cell (cNK) responses, as well as consistent AFM13-directed polyfunctional activation of mature NK cells across donors. NK-cell source also impacted the AFM13 response, with cNK cells from healthy donors exhibiting superior responses to those from patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. IL12/15/18-induced memory-like NK cells from peripheral blood exhibited enhanced killing of CD30+ lymphoma targets directed by AFM13, compared with cNK cells. Cord-blood NK cells preactivated with IL12/15/18 and ex vivo expanded with K562-based feeders also exhibited enhanced killing with AFM13 stimulation via upregulation of signaling pathways related to NK-cell effector function. AFM13-NK complex cells exhibited enhanced responses to CD30+ lymphomas in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: We identify AFM13 as a promising combination with cytokine-activated adult blood or cord-blood NK cells to treat CD30+ hematologic malignancies, warranting clinical trials with these novel combinations.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Biespecíficos , Imunoterapia , Células Matadoras Naturais , Leucemia , Linfoma , Humanos , Anticorpos Biespecíficos/uso terapêutico , Sangue/efeitos dos fármacos , Sangue/imunologia , Células Cultivadas , Terapia Combinada , Citocinas/farmacologia , Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Sangue Fetal/imunologia , Imunoterapia/métodos , Antígeno Ki-1/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Leucemia/terapia , Linfoma/terapia , Receptores de IgG/imunologiaRESUMO
Environmental factors can induce detrimental consequences into adulthood life. In this study, we examined the epigenetic effects induced by in utero chlordecone (CD) exposure on human male cord blood as well as in blood-derived Ke-37 cell line. Genome-wide analysis of histone H3K4me3 distribution revealed that genes related to chromosome segregation, chromatin organization, and cell cycle have altered occupancy in their promoters. The affected regions were enriched in ESR1, SP family, and IKZF1 binding motifs. We also observed a global reduction in H3K9me3, markedly in repeated sequences of the genome. Decrease in H3K9me3 after CD exposure correlates with decreased methylation in LINE-1 promoters and telomere length extension. These observations on human cord blood were assessed in the Ke-37 human cell line. H3K4me3 and the expression of genes related to immune response, DNA repair, and chromatin organization, which were affected in human cord blood were also altered in CD-exposed Ke-37 cells. Our data suggest that developmental exposure to CD leads to profound changes in histone modification patterns and affects the processes controlled by them in human cord blood.
Assuntos
Clordecona/efeitos adversos , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Elementos Nucleotídeos Longos e Dispersos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Clordecona/farmacologia , Cordocentese/métodos , Metilação de DNA/genética , Epigênese Genética/genética , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Código das Histonas/efeitos dos fármacos , Histonas/efeitos dos fármacos , Histonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Elementos Nucleotídeos Longos e Dispersos/genética , Masculino , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/metabolismo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genéticaRESUMO
Labour and modes of delivery can influence the plasma levels of stress hormones and cytokines involved in pathophysiologic cascade, potentially damaging brain development of the newborn. This prospective observational, single-centre, case-control, non-profit study aimed to detect potential differences in foetal well-being such as stress neuroendocrine responses. Quantitative determinations of the stress markers interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-8, and ß-endorphin were compared between the control group and the epidural analgesia group. We found higher IL1-ß levels but lower IL-8 and ß-endorphin levels in the epidural analgesia group than in the control group. No significant inter-group differences were observed for any parameters. Our findings demonstrate that epidural analgesia for pain relief during labour does not result in significant differences in blood stress response markers.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? We already know that plasma levels of stress hormones and cytokines are influenced by labour and delivery modes. This has a deep impact on the newborn in terms of brain damage, immune system deficits, and altered hypothalamic-pituitary axis responses. We also know that epidural analgesia is a widespread practice that offers pain relief to the woman in labour, but there are few studies on the potentially negative effects of epidural labour analgesia on the unborn child.What do the results of this study add? This study found no significative differences in blood stress response markers between the epidural analgesia group and the control group. Under this study circumstances we found out that epidural analgesia does not significantly influence the newborn's well-being during labour and delivery.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? These findings must be confirmed by further studies to verify whether epidural analgesia is safe for the newborn's development.
Assuntos
Analgesia Epidural/efeitos adversos , Analgesia Obstétrica/efeitos adversos , Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Sofrimento Fetal/induzido quimicamente , Dor do Parto/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Sofrimento Fetal/sangue , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Interleucina-8/sangue , Masculino , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , beta-Endorfina/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Data regarding the ability of antidepressants to enter fetal, newborn and infant fluids have become gradually available, but mechanisms of antidepressant transfer remain poorly understood. Here we calculated penetration ratios in an array of matrices from combined samples of pregnant/breastfeeding women taking antidepressants. METHOD: We performed a systematic literature search of PubMed and EMBASE to identify studies with concentrations of antidepressants from maternal blood, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood and/or breast milk. Penetration ratios were calculated by dividing the concentrations in amniotic fluid, umbilical cord plasma or breast milk by the maternal plasma concentration. When data from multiple studies were available, we calculated combined penetration ratios, weighting the study mean by study size. RESULTS: Eighty-five eligible studies were identified. For amniotic fluid, the highest penetration ratios were estimated for venlafaxine (mean 2.77, range 0.43-4.70 for the active moiety) and citalopram (mean 2.03, range 0.35-6.97), while the lowest ratios were for fluvoxamine (mean 0.10) and fluoxetine (mean 0.11, range 0.02-0.20 for the active moiety). For umbilical cord plasma, nortriptyline had the highest ratio (mean 2.97, range 0.25-26.43) followed by bupropion (mean 1.14, range 0.3-5.08). For breast milk, the highest ratios were observed for venlafaxine (mean 2.59, range 0.85-4.85), mianserin (mean 2.22, range 0.80-3.64) and escitalopram (mean 2.19, range 1.68-3.00). CONCLUSION: We observed considerable variability across antidepressants regarding their ability to enter fetal, newborn and infant fluids. Measuring antidepressant concentrations in a maternal blood sample can provide a reliable estimate of fetal/infant exposure, although further evidence for concentration-dependent effects is required.
Assuntos
Líquido Amniótico/metabolismo , Antidepressivos/metabolismo , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Leite Humano/metabolismo , Líquido Amniótico/efeitos dos fármacos , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Aleitamento Materno , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Lactente , Leite Humano/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Complicações na Gravidez/metabolismoRESUMO
CONTEXT: Large, longitudinal studies on androgen levels in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are lacking. While metformin has a mild androgen-lowering effect in non-pregnant women with PCOS, its effects on maternal androgen levels in pregnancy are less well understood. OBJECTIVE: To describe androgen patterns in pregnant women with PCOS and in healthy control women, and to explore the potential effects of metformin on maternal androgen levels in PCOS. DESIGN AND SETTING: A post hoc analysis from a randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study carried out at 11 secondary care centers and a longitudinal single-center study on healthy pregnant women in Norway. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 262 women with PCOS and 119 controls. INTERVENTION: The participants with PCOS were randomly assigned to metformin (2 g daily) or placebo, from first trimester to delivery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Androstenedione (A4), testosterone (T), sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and free testosterone index (FTI) at 4 time points in pregnancy. RESULTS: Women with PCOS versus healthy controls had higher A4, T, and FTI, and lower SHBG at all measured time points in pregnancy. In the overall cohort of women with PCOS, metformin had no effect on A4, T, SHBG, and FTI. In subgroup analyses, metformin reduced A4 (Pâ =â 0.019) in nonobese women. Metformin also reduced A4 (Pâ =â 0.036), T (Pâ =â 0.023), and SHBG (Pâ =â 0.010) levels through pregnancy in mothers with a male fetus. CONCLUSION: Metformin had no effect on maternal androgens in PCOS pregnancies. In subgroup analyses, a modest androgen-lowering effect was observed in nonobese women with PCOS. In PCOS women carrying a male fetus, metformin exhibited an androgen-lowering effect.
Assuntos
Androgênios/sangue , Feto/efeitos dos fármacos , Hiperandrogenismo/tratamento farmacológico , Metformina/uso terapêutico , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/tratamento farmacológico , Complicações na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/química , Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Hiperandrogenismo/sangue , Hiperandrogenismo/etiologia , Masculino , Metformina/farmacologia , Noruega , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/sangue , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/complicações , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/sangue , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez/sangue , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez/efeitos dos fármacos , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/sangue , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/induzido quimicamente , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Eupalinilide E was assessed for ex-vivo expansion activity on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells in serum-free, SCF, TPO and FL stimulated 7 day cultures. Eupalinilide E ex-vivo enhanced phenotyped (p) HSCs and glycolysis of CD34+ cells isolated 7 days after culture as measured by extracellular acidification rate, but did not alone show enhanced NSG engrafting capability of HSCs as determined by chimerism and numbers of SCID Repopulating cells, a quantitative measure of functional human HSCs. This is another example of pHSCs not necessarily recapitulating functional activity of these cells. Lack of effect on engrafting HSCs may be due to a number of possibilities, including down regulation of CXCR4 or of the homing capacity of these treated cells. However, Eupalinilide did act in an additive to synergistic fashion with UM171 to enhance ex vivo expansion of both pHSCs, and functionally engrafting HSCs. While reasons for the disconnect between pHSC and function of HSCs with Eupalinilide E alone cultured CB CD34+ cells is yet to be determined, the data suggest possible future use of Eupalinilide and UM171 together to enhance ex vivo production of CB HSCs for clinical hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Assuntos
Sangue Fetal/citologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Indóis/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Animais , Antígenos CD34/análise , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/farmacologia , Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos SCIDRESUMO
Culture conditions in which hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can be expanded for clinical benefit are highly sought after. Here, we report that inhibition of the epigenetic regulator lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (LSD1) induces a rapid expansion of human cord blood-derived CD34+ cells and promotes in vitro propagation of long-term repopulating HSCs by preventing differentiation. The phenotype and molecular characteristics of cells treated with LSD1 inhibitors were highly similar to cells treated with UM171, an agent promoting expansion of HSCs through undefined mechanisms and currently being tested in clinical trials. Strikingly, we found that LSD1, as well as other members of the LSD1-containing chromatin remodeling complex CoREST, is rapidly polyubiquitinated and degraded upon UM171 treatment. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 depletion of the CoREST core member, RCOR1, resulted in expansion of CD34+ cells similar to LSD1 inhibition and UM171. Taken together, LSD1 and CoREST restrict HSC expansion and are principal targets of UM171, forming a mechanistic basis for the HSC-promoting activity of UM171.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Proteínas Correpressoras/metabolismo , Sangue Fetal/citologia , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , Histona Desmetilases/antagonistas & inibidores , Indóis/farmacologia , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Antígenos CD34/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Proteínas Correpressoras/genética , Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Histona Desmetilases/genética , Histona Desmetilases/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genéticaRESUMO
ß-adrenergic signaling is known to be involved in cancer progression; in particular, beta3-adrenoreceptor (ß3-AR) is associated with different tumor conditions. Currently, there are few data concerning ß3-AR in myeloid malignancies. Here, we evaluated ß3-AR in myeloid leukemia cell lines and the effect of ß3-AR antagonist SR59230A. In addition, we investigated the potential role of ß3-AR blockade in doxorubicin resistance. Using flow cytometry, we assessed cell death in different in vitro myeloid leukemia cell lines (K562, KCL22, HEL, HL60) treated with SR59230A in hypoxia and normoxia; furthermore, we analyzed ß3-AR expression. We used healthy bone marrow cells (BMCs), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cord blood as control samples. Finally, we evaluated the effect of SR59230A plus doxorubicin on K562 and K562/DOX cell lines; K562/DOX cells are resistant to doxorubicin and show P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression. We found that SR59230A increased cancer cell lines apoptosis especially in hypoxia, resulting in selective activity for cancer cells; moreover, ß3-AR expression was higher in malignancies, particularly under hypoxic condition. Finally, we observed that SR59230A plus doxorubicin increased doxorubicin resistance reversion mainly in hypoxia, probably acting on P-gp. Together, these data point to ß3-AR as a new target and ß3-AR blockade as a potential approach in myeloid leukemias.
Assuntos
Antagonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 3/farmacologia , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucemia Mieloide/metabolismo , Propanolaminas/farmacologia , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 3/metabolismo , Células da Medula Óssea/citologia , Células da Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Células da Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Hipóxia Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Baixo , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Sangue Fetal/citologia , Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Células K562 , Leucemia Mieloide/tratamento farmacológico , Leucócitos Mononucleares/citologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismoRESUMO
One of the emerging treatment strategies for cancer particularly for haematological malignancies is natural killer (NK) cell therapy. However, the availability of a best approach to maximize NK cell anticancer potential is still awaited. It is well established that cytokine-induced memory-like NK cells have the potential to differentiate after a short period of preactivation with interleukins-IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 and exhibit increased responses to cytokine or activating receptor restimulation for weeks to months after preactivation. We demonstrated that NK cells differentiated from CD34+ cells isolated from cord blood show increased antitumor potential in vitro against different cancer cells. Using flow cytometry, we found that NK cells were able to induce apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro. We further analysed surviving gene expression by quantitative real time PCR and reported that NK cells cause down regulation of survivin gene expression in tumor cells. Therefore, NK cell therapy represents a promising immunotherapy for cancers like AML and other haematological malignancies. It concluded that NK cells can be differentiated from CD34+ cells isolated from cord blood ,are able to induce apoptosis and induce increased antitumor potential in vitro against different cancer cells besides cause downregulation of survivin gene expression in tumor cells. Therefore, NK cell therapy represents a promising immunotherapy for different cancer types and haematological malignancies. Furthers studies are necessary to confirm our findings.
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Assuntos
Citotoxicidade Imunológica/imunologia , Sangue Fetal/imunologia , Interleucina-12/farmacologia , Interleucina-15/farmacologia , Interleucina-18/farmacologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Neoplasias/imunologia , Diferenciação Celular , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Citotoxicidade Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Sangue Fetal/citologia , Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Células Matadoras Naturais/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Linfocitária , Neoplasias/patologia , Neoplasias/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM) in ambient air has been linked to changes in newborn mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), but the effects of exposure are inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the effect of weekly PM exposure during pregnancy on newborn mtDNAcn. The present study included 762 mother-infant pairs who were recruited in a birth cohort established between November 2013 and March 2015 in Wuhan, China. Mother's prenatal daily exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was calculated using a spatial-temporal land use regression model. Relative mtDNAcn in cord blood leukocytes was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Distributive lag regression models (DLMs) were applied to estimate the association between PM exposure and newborn mtDNAcn. In the adjusted models, prenatal PM2.5 exposure during 25-32 weeks and PM10 exposure during 25-31weeks were significantly associated with decreased cord blood mtDNAcn. PM2.5 exposure during the third trimester was related to decreased mtDNAcn (cumulative percent change: -8.55%, 95% CI: -13.32%, -3.51%). We also identified other exposure windows (17-22 and 11-22 weeks) in which PM exposure was positively associated with mtDNAcn. Overall, exposure to particulate air pollution during mid-to-late gestation is significantly associated with alterations in newborn mtDNAcn, potentially suggesting an enhanced sensitivity to PM exposure during this period.
Assuntos
Poluição do Ar/estatística & dados numéricos , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA/fisiologia , DNA Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Exposição Materna/estatística & dados numéricos , Material Particulado/toxicidade , Poluentes Atmosféricos/farmacologia , China , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mães , Gravidez , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
The Vγ9Vδ2 T cell subset is the major γδ T cell subset in human peripheral blood and has the unique ability to contribute to immune surveillance by detecting pyrophosphorylated metabolites of isoprenoid synthesis, termed phosphoantigens (pAgs). Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are first detected at midgestation and show postnatal expansion. Interestingly, neonatal Vγ9Vδ2 T cells display a higher TCR repertoire diversity with more public clonotypes and lower pAg responsiveness than in adults. Notably, it is not known whether postnatal changes occur by TCR-dependent reactivity to pAg exposure. Here, we applied next-generation sequencing of γδ TCR repertoires to understand potential differences in the pAg-mediated response of neonatal and adult Vγ9Vδ2 T cells at the level of the expressed γδ TCR. We observed a polyclonal pAg-induced response of neonatal and adult Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, albeit neonatal γδ T cells showed less in vitro pAg responsiveness. Neonatal Vγ9Vδ2 T cells displayed a less pronounced bias for Jδ1 usage and a more frequent use of Jδ2 or Jδ3 that remained stable after pAg exposure. In addition, public and private Vδ2 TRD clones took part in the polyclonal pAg-induced response in neonates and adults. In conclusion, adult and neonatal Vγ9Vδ2 T cells both undergo polyclonal pAg-induced proliferation, whereas especially adult Vγ9Vδ2 T cells display a high stability at the level of the expressed TCR repertoire.
Assuntos
Sangue Fetal/imunologia , Fosfoproteínas/imunologia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T gama-delta/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Adulto , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Clonais , Sangue Fetal/citologia , Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Expressão Gênica , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Interleucina-2/farmacologia , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Organofosfatos/farmacologia , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Cultura Primária de Células , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T gama-delta/genética , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/citologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Zoledrônico/farmacologiaRESUMO
Quercetin is a natural product that has been shown to induce tumor apoptosis and necrosis through multiple mechanisms. Tumor-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) expansion negatively regulates the immune response by inhibiting T cell function through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation, thereby facilitating tumor escape from host immune surveillance. Thus MDSC is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy to enhance cytotoxic T cell responses. However, the effects of quercetin on MDSC are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that quercetin treatment enhanced mouse- and human- derived granulocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSC) survival and promoted the secretion of T cell-suppressive factors in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis further showed that quercetin was highly correlated with the estrogen receptor signaling pathway, which was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric analysis. These findings highlight the potential advantages and feasibility of quercetin in reinforcing the suppressive property of G-MDSC. Thus impact of G-MDSC should be taken into consideration when quercetin is applied to tumor therapy.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Receptor beta de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Granulócitos/metabolismo , Células Supressoras Mieloides/metabolismo , Quercetina/farmacologia , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Granulócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Células Supressoras Mieloides/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Arginine vasopressin (AVP) infusion has been shown to be a useful strategy for the management of systemic perfusion failure in premature infants. Our objective was to determine the characteristics of the blood flow redistribution induced by AVP infusion in premature fetal sheep. METHODS: Nine sheep fetuses at 99 to 113 days of gestation were continuously infused with AVP. Measurement of blood flow to individual fetal organs was performed using a colored microsphere technique, with measurements performed at 30 min before and 90 min after the initiation of AVP infusions. RESULTS: The AVP infusion significantly increased blood flow to the medulla oblongata (P < 0.05), and significantly decreased flow to the adrenal glands (from 492.0 ± 239.6 to 364.9 ± 143.3 mL/min/100 g, P < 0.05) and heart (from 592.6 ± 184.5 to 435.6 ± 137.4 mL/min/100 g, P < 0.05). The infusion significantly increased the vascular resistance in adrenal glands, kidneys, ileum, colon, heart, and cerebellum. In the brain, except for the cerebellum, no significant increase in resistance was identified. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant response to AVP infusion in cerebral blood flow in mid-gestation fetal sheep. Our observations suggest that, under AVP stimulation, the blood flow to the adrenal glands and myocardium might be decreased due to an increase in vascular resistance.
Assuntos
Arginina Vasopressina/farmacologia , Feto/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemostáticos/farmacologia , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/efeitos dos fármacos , Glândulas Suprarrenais/irrigação sanguínea , Glândulas Suprarrenais/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Vasos Coronários/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Bulbo/irrigação sanguínea , Bulbo/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Ovinos , Resistência Vascular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary garcinol supplementation during late gestation (from the 90th day of pregnancy; day 90) and lactation on the acid-base balance of the umbilical cord blood and performance of sows and piglets. Sixty sows (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace; second- or third-parity; n = 20) were randomly divided into 3 gestation (day 90 of pregnancy) or lactation treatments, control diet (CON; basal diet), basal diet with 200 mg garcinol, and basal diet with 600 mg garcinol per kg of feed. The body weight (BW); backfat thickness and litter size of the sows; and birth weight, weaning weight, and mortality of piglets were recorded. Sows' blood and piglets' umbilical cord blood were collected for the measurements of hematological parameters and antioxidative and immune indexes, and acid-base balance parameters, respectively. The colostrum and milk and fecal samples of the sows were also collected for analysis of milk composition and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility. Garcinol had no effect on the BW and backfat thickness of the sows but significantly increased the birth weight and weaning weight of piglets (P < 0.05) and decreased the mortality (P < 0.05). Moreover, the white blood cell counts and neutrophil count, mean cell hemoglobin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activity in the plasma of the sows were increased more significantly (P < 0.05) in the garcinol groups than that in the CON group, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased (P < 0.05). The garcinol treatment significantly increased the pH, HCO3- and base excess values (P < 0.05), whereas it decreased the pCO2 and lactate content (P < 0.05) in the umbilical blood. Dry matter (DM), ash, and ether extract in the colostrum were similar between groups (P > 0.05), whereas the garcinol significantly increased the crude protein (CP) in the milk. In addition, the content of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the plasma of piglets and in colostrum and milk of sows were increased more significantly (P < 0.05) in the garcinol groups than that in the CON group. The apparent total tract nutrient digestibility was similar between treatments. Collectively, this study indicates that sows fed with garcinol in late gestation and lactation showed improved maternal health and antioxidative status, milk protein content, acid-base balance in the umbilical cord blood, and growth performance in piglets, showing promise in natural plant extract nutrition for sows.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Leite/química , Suínos/fisiologia , Terpenos/administração & dosagem , Equilíbrio Ácido-Base/efeitos dos fármacos , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Colostro/química , Dieta/veterinária , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Lactação/efeitos dos fármacos , Tamanho da Ninhada de Vivíparos/efeitos dos fármacos , Paridade , Gravidez , Distribuição Aleatória , Suínos/sangue , Suínos/imunologia , DesmameRESUMO
Although the neonatal period is characterized by relative immunological immaturity, an inflammatory response due to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation is observed. Histamine may be one of the factors playing a role in restraining inflammation during the early stages of life. Therefore, we evaluated the responsiveness of human cord blood cells to TLR4 agonists and the immunomodulatory function of histamine in the inflammatory response. Compared with adults, mononuclear cells (MNCs) from newborns (NBs) exhibit impaired production of IFN-γ-inducible chemokines, such as CXCL10 and CXCL9, upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Notably, LPS induced a 5-fold increase in CCL2 secretion in NBs. Evaluation of the effect of histamine on LPS-induced CCL2 secretion showed an inhibitory effect in the majority of adults, whereas this effect was detectable in all NBs. Histamine receptor (HR) blockage revealed partial involvement of H1R, H2R and H4R in LPS-induced CCL2 inhibition in MNCs from both NBs and adults. As monocytes are the main type of mononuclear cell that produces CCL2, we evaluated genes related to TLR signaling upon LPS stimulation. Monocytes from NBs showed up-regulation of genes associated with JAK/STAT/NF-κB and IFN signaling. Some differentially expressed genes encoding proinflammatory factors were preferentially detected in LPS-activated monocytes from NBs, and markedly down-regulated by histamine. The immunomodulatory role of histamine on CCL2 and CXCL8 was detected at the transcript and protein levels. Our findings show that NBs have enhanced CCL2 responsiveness to LPS, and that histamine acts in immune homeostasis during the neonatal period to counterbalance the robustness of TLR stimulation.
Assuntos
Sangue Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Histamina/farmacologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Monócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/agonistas , Adulto , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Humanos , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Recém-Nascido , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Masculino , Monócitos/metabolismo , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Receptores Histamínicos/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Astrocytes respond to central nervous system (CNS) injury and disease by transforming to a reactive astrogliosis cell state that can contribute to either CNS dysfunction or repair. Neuroinflammation is a powerful driver of a harmful A1 astrogliosis phenotype associated with in vitro neurotoxicity and histopathology in human neurodegenerative diseases. Here we report a protocol for the rapid development of a human cell culture model of neuroinflammatory astrogliosis using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). METHODS: Using RNA sequencing and in vitro cell assays, we measured transcriptional and cellular effects of chronic exposure of human iPSC-derived astrocytes to the cytokines TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) or IL-1ß (interleukin-1 beta). RESULTS: We show TNFα and IL-1ß induce pro-inflammatory gene signatures but by widely different magnitudes. TNFα treatment results in 606 differential expressed genes, the suppression of glutamate-uptake, and increased phagocytic activity in astrocyte cultures. In contrast, IL-1ß effects are attenuated to 33 differential expressed genes and no significant effects on glutamate-uptake or increased phagocytic activity. CONCLUSION: Our approach demonstrates a rapid tool for modeling neuroinflammatory human astrocytic responses in nervous system trauma and disease. In particular, we reveal a model for robust TNFα-induced human astrogliosis suitable for the study of neurotoxic A1 astrocytes.