Management of Pilonidal Disease and Hidradenitis Suppurativa.

Pilonidal disease and hidradenitis suppurativa affect healthy young adults, causing discomfort and pain that leads to loss of work productivity and should be approached in a personalized manner. Patients with pilonidal disease should engage in hair removal to the sacrococcygeal region and surgical options considered. Hidradenitis suppurativa can be a morbid and challenging disease process. Medical management with topical agents, antibiotics, and biologics should be used initially but wide local excision should be considered in severe or refractory cases of the disease.

Pilonidal sinus: an overview of historical and current management modalities.

Pilonidal disease is a common condition that commonly affects the younger adult population and is often seen in both the general practice and the hospital setting. Multiple treatment methods have gained and lost popularity over the last several decades, but more recent intervention principles show promising results. This article details the different methods of managing acute and chronic pilonidal disease ranging from treatments in the primary care setting to those in hospital theatres, with special attention to newer modalities of minimally invasive interventions. As a chronic illness that often affects those of working age, pilonidal disease can confer significant morbidity especially, but not limited to, a substantial amount of time off work. Treatment of chronic disease in particular, has evolved from midline techniques to off-midline techniques, with more recent developments offering promising solutions to reduce acute flare ups and hasten recovery time.

Randomised clinical trial to test the phenolization in sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease.

To test the efficacy and safety of phenolization in uncomplicated Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPD) the phenolization in uncomplicated SPD is feasible and secure in selected patients in observational studies. The greatest benefits are obtained to reduce the length of sick leave (LSL) and complications. Single-center randomised controlled clinical trial. Patients were recruited at University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII of Spain. Patients were randomised into two treatment groups. All patients with uncomplicated sacrococcygeal disease, localised in the midline and with only 1 fistulous orifice. The patients were randomly assigned to the phenolization group (PhG) or conventional-surgery group (CsG). Both groups were managed without admission. The main endpoint was the recurrence of sacrococcygeal disease. Secondary endpoints included time of sick leave, complications, and readmission. 124 patients were included in the study. No disease recurrence was observed in either group. Clinical follow-up was carried out with a mean of 493.8 days (SD 6.59). The LSL was shorter in the PhG (mean 19.63 days, SD 28.15) than in the CSG (43.95 days, SD 38.60). The LSL reduction was -24.31 days (P .002). The phenolization in selected SPD is a safe and feasible procedure in selected patients. This approach could become the standard of care for patients with selected Sacrococcygeal pilonidal.

Surgical outcome of modified Karydakis flap and modified Limberg flab in the management of sacroccygeal pilonidal disease: a comparative study

Introduction: Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPD) is a chronic suppurative condition of the sacrococcygeal region causing chronic sinus tract or cyst. It is an acquired complex disease more common in young adult males, causing considerable morbidity and long periods of interruption in work or education. From simple conservative techniques to complex flap reconstruction, many debatable treatment options are offered; however clear dynamics toward the widespread use of minimally invasive methods and off-midline flap reconstruction are suggested in all guidelines, which recommend the Karydakis and Limberg flap modification. The plethora of literature compares procedures for identification of a single best treatment approach, which has proven to be difficult. The surgical outcome of both techniques is compared in the present study. Objective: To compare the surgical outcomes of the modified Karydakis flap (MKF) versus the modified Limberg flap (MLF) in SPD. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted at the general surgery department on SPD patients who were ≥18 years old. A total of 67 participants were included after obtaining the informed consent, with group A comprising 33 patients undergoing the MLF procedure and group B comprising 34 patients undergoing the MKF procedure. Results: The mean patient age was 28.85 (range, 18-44) years old. For the MKF and MLF methods, the average operating duration was 32.5 (range, 25-40) and 54.5 (range, 45-65) minutes, respectively. The MKF approach was found to significantly improve pain score, mean sitting painless time, return to normal activity, wound healing time, and patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Comparative outcomes were seen between both MKF and MLF; however, our findings show that MKF is a more favourable method than MLF with superior outcomes. (AU)

Presentation, Management, and Women's Health Implications of Pilonidal Disease.

Many people think of pilonidal disease (PD) in its acute presentation, which is an abscess at the gluteal cleft that is warm and tender with purulent drainage. In this article, we describe how PD is an acute, chronic, and recurring disease that requires clinicians to be vigilant in assessments, treatments, therapies, referrals, and patient education. Because PD is more common in men than women, it is often misdiagnosed and undertreated in female patients. Its impact on an individual's life, work, and health, however, cannot be underestimated. Obtaining an accurate diagnosis and appropriate care can positively impact quality of life for people with PD.

Pediatric endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment (PEPSiT): technical description and initial experience / Tratamento endoscópico pediátrico do seio pilonidal (PePSiT, em inglês): Descrição técnica e experiência inicial

Pilonidal sinus is an acquired condition characterized by lesions at the median or paramedic intergluteal crease resulting form in grown hair at the subcutaneous, deep sacrococcygeal issue. Multiple surgicalmethods havebeen described, the optimal pilonidal sinus treatment remains controversial. The preset retrospective study reports outcome form pediatric endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment in patient under 18 years old. (AU)

O seio pilonidal é uma condição adquirida caracterizada por lesões na prega interglútea mediana ou paramédica, resultando em cabelo crescido na área subcutânea e profunda do sacrococcígeo. Vários métodos cirúrgicos foram descritos, o tratamento ideal do seio pilonidal permanece controverso. O estudo retrospectivo predefinido relata os resultados do tratamento endoscópico do seio pilonidal pediátrico em pacientes com menos de 18 anos de idade. (AU)

Pilonidal Sinus Disease: An Analysis of the Factors Affecting Recurrence.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the success of treatment methods at reducing recurrence, the most important problem in pilonidal sinus disease (PSD), along with factors affecting the occurrence of PSD and posttreatment recurrence. METHODS: The researchers retrospectively analyzed files of patients treated for PSD between 2003 and 2018. Three study groups were created: G1, G2, and G3. G1 included all PSDs with recurrence, and a comparable number of cases without recurrence were selected randomly for the G2 group. The control group, G3, included healthy individuals without PSD. In all groups, the following were recorded: body mass index, skin color and oiliness, family history of PSD, hair overgrowth, smoking habit, time spent sitting per day, and number of baths per week. The following were additionally recorded for G1 and G2: treatment methods, follow-up periods, pretreatment abscess(es), and time of onset of complaints before treatment. The number of recurrences and the period between last treatment and recurrence were also recorded for G1. RESULTS: G1 comprised 234 patients; G2, 247 patients; and G3, 128 healthy individuals. The significant factors causing recurrence included body mass index, family history, bathing habits, hair overgrowth, skin color and oiliness, time spent sitting per day, smoking habit, abscess(es), and duration of symptom(s) (P < .05). Limberg flap repair was the most successful treatment method. Sixty-three (27%), 135 (58%), and 185 (79%) recurrences occurred in the first 6 months, in the first year, and in the first 2 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The researchers recommend Limberg flap repair for treatment. It is possible to reduce recurrence by taking preventable factors into consideration.

Effect of platelet-rich plasma on healing in laser pilonidoplasty for pilonidal sinus disease.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of application of platelet-rich plasma in addition to laser pilonidoplasty for the treatment of pilonidal sinus. Twenty-five patients who were treated by laser pilonidoplasty for pilonidal sinus (group 1) and 25 patients who were treated by platelet-rich plasma in addition to laser pilonidoplasty (group 2) at this clinic were included in the study. Patients were classified according to the Irkorucu and Adana Numune's classification and treatment concept. Duration of stay of the patients in the hospital, time to start daily activities, duration of wound healing, recurrence, and complications were evaluated. Among the 50 patients included in the study, 41 (%82) were males and 9 (%18) were females. The mean age was 25.6 ± 2.4 years and 24.8 ± 3.8 years in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The locations of the pilonidal sinus were similar in the two groups. No statistically significant differences were found in the duration of hospital stay, duration of the procedure, time to return to work, and complication rates between the two groups. Nevertheless, duration of wound healing was 6.1 ± 2.3 and 4.1 ± 0.9 weeks in groups 1 and 2, respectively, and was shorter in group 2. Duration of wound healing was statistically significantly different in the two groups. We concluded in this study that application of platelet-rich plasma in addition to laser pilonidoplasty significantly shortens the time of wound healing.

Application of crystal-line phenol in pilonidal sinus disease A single-center and single-surgeon experience.

AIM: Various surgical and minimally invasive treatment options are available in the treatment of pilonidal sinus. In our study, we aimed to retrospectively analyze the results of crystalline phenol application in patients who applied to our clinic with pilonidal sinus. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Patients who were applied crystalline phenol due to pilonidal sinus disease between 2018- 2019 were included in the study. The patients were evaluated in terms of demographic characteristics, pit count, surgical treatment history, abscess drainage history, number of repeated applications, complication status, recovery rate in the first month, success rate in the first year, and recurrence. RESULTS: 209 patients participated in our study. The average age of patients was 25.5, and the number of male patients was 4 times that of women. The patients had an average of 2.13 pits. Twenty-two patients had a history of abscess drainage. Thirteen patients had a history of surgical treatment. The recovery rate was 89.3% in the 1-month controls and 93.7% in the 1-year controls. Repeated application was performed to 11% of the patients. Seventeen patients had recurrence after wound healing. The most common complications were skin burn (1.4%) and wound infection (1.4%). CONCLUSION: In the treatment of pilonidal sinus disease, crystalline phenol can be safely applied with a high success rate, low recurrence rate and an acceptable percentage of complications. KEY WORDS: Crystalline phenol application recurrence, Pilonidal sinus, Minimally invasive.

Assessment of the effect of platelet rich plasma on the healing of operated sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus by lay-open technique: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is an infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue at the upper part of the natal cleft of the buttocks. Excision and healing by granulation "lay-open" method is still more preferable than other methods of midline closure or using flaps but the healing time is lengthy. The present study was performed to assess the healing promotion effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the pilonidal sinus wounds treated by the lay-open method. METHODS: One hundred patients suffering from PSD were randomly divided into two groups, they were treated by the lay-open method, at General surgery department, Kafr El-Sheik University hospital, Egypt, during the period from December 2018 to December 2019. Group (A) was adopted the regular dressing postoperatively, while group (B) was treated with PRP injection into the wound at 4 and 12 postoperative days. RESULTS: Accelerated rate of wound healing was detected in group (B) in day 10, with a significant difference detected in days 15, 20, 25 and 30 postoperative, with a mean time of complete healing 45 ± 2.6 days in group B, while it was 57 ± 2.4 days in group A with a p-value of 0.001 which indicates considerable effect in the treated group. CONCLUSIONS: PRP injection is an effective new technique in accelerating the healing of pilonidal wound after surgery, with a significant decrease in post-operative pain, complications and an early return to work. TRIAL REGISTRATION: retrospectively registered. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: 12/35/1016 issued on December 2018 from the Institution Review Board at Kafr El Sheikh University. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04430413.

Reparación plástica con colgajo de Limberg en seno pilonidal sacrococcigeo / Plastic repair with Limberg flap in sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus

En este trabajo se presenta la técnica quirúrgica descrip-ta por Limberg para las reparaciones plásticas, su uso para el tratamiento del seno pilonidal sacro coccígeo junto con sus resultados, tasas de éxito, complicaciones y recaídas. Para ello se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre el tema y se analizaron los resultados para determinar con-clusiones sobre la misma.La elección del tema la realicé en base a mi interés sobre la patología. El mismo surge a partir de mi observación en la práctica clínica de pacientes sometidos a técnicas no resectivas, abiertas, con una alta tasa de lechos cruentos, cicatrizaciones lentas y recaídas que podrían beneficiar-se de los principios que la reparación de Limberg ofrece. La técnica se describe como algo simple y fácilmente re-producible mientras se respeten sus principios, lo cual la vuelve una opción viable y atractiva. Lo antedicho sumado al respaldo bibliográfico hallado han sido los motores de la investigación actual.

Long term results of minimally invasive treatment of pilonidal disease by platelet rich plasma.

BACKGROUND: Although, there are several treatment options for treatment of pilonidal disease, nowadays minimally invasive modalities are becoming more common. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of platelet rich plasma application for pilonidal disease. METHODS: For this prospective cohort study, cases with pilonidal disease were evaluated. All cases that are eligible and accepted to be involved were included in the study. Platelet rich plasma was applied into the pilonidal sinus under local infiltration anesthesia. Healing of the disease and recurrence rates were recorded. RESULTS: The success rate of the application was 97.1% at the first month. With a median follow up of 60.2 months the recurrence rate was 8.2%. CONCLUSION: Platelet rich plasma can be safely used for treatment of pilonidal disease with high success and low recurrence rate.

Long-Term Outcomes of Crystallized Phenol Application after Punch Excision for the Treatment of Pilonidal Sinus Disease.

The aim of the study was to present the outcomes of topical crystallized phenol application in the treatment of pilonidal sinus disease. Under local anesthesia, a punch biopsy tool is used for the excision of the sinus opening holes; after cleaning the cavity, 150 to 250 mg of crystallized phenol was administered. Three sessions of additional therapy were given one week apart without anesthesia. The technique was well tolerated, and early results were observed two months after the procedure. Recurrence was detected in five patients (11.9%), one of whom underwent two more sessions, resulting in recovery. In the long-term results, 39 patients were available after 16 to 38 months (mean 23.7 months). Of these, recurrence was detected in five patients (12.8%). Analysis of the data was unable to identify significant effects of the characteristics of the disease (primary or recurrent), gender of patients, and the number of opening holes (single or multiple) on early and late recurrence (P > 0.05). A close correlation can be drawn from the early- and long-term results after treatment (P < 0.0001). In this study, the use of the punch biopsy tool in the treatment of pilonidal sinus disease with crystallized phenol was described first. This minimally invasive method achieved excellent aesthetic outcomes, and it can successfully be applied without the need for surgical intervention, especially in patients who are at the initial stage and with small in size openings.

Short-term outcomes of radical excision vs. phenolisation of the sinus tract in primary sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease: a randomized-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Phenolisation of Sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease (SPSD) seems to have advantages over radical excision; however, a randomized-controlled trial (RCT) comparing both techniques is lacking. The aim of our study was to compare sinus pit excision and phenolisation of the sinus tract with radical excision in SPSD in terms of return to normal daily activities. METHODS: This study was a single-center RCT. Fifty patients who presented with primary SPSD were randomized to phenolisation and 50 patients to excision. The primary endpoint was time to return to normal daily activities. Secondary endpoints were quality of life, complaints related to SPSD, surgical site infection, and wound epithelialization. Patients were treated in a 1-day surgery setting. Complaints related to SPSD were evaluated and symptoms were scored by the participants on a 6-point scale before surgery, and patients kept a diary for 2 weeks on complaints related to the surgical treatment (the same scoring system as preoperatively) and pain, evaluated with a VAS. Quality of life (QoL) was measured preoperatively with a VAS and the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). At 2, 6, and 12 weeks after surgery, patients were evaluated using a questionnaire containing the following items: patients' satisfaction (disease, compared with preoperatively, scored as cured, improved, unchanged or worsened), five complaints related to the surgical treatment (the same scoring system as preoperatively and in the diary), QoL (VAS and SF-36), and return to normal daily activities. The wound was assessed 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively by one of the investigators (EF or NS), using an assessment form RESULTS: The mean time to return to normal daily activities was significantly shorter after phenolisation (5.2 ± SD 6.6 days vs. 14.5 ± 25.0 days, p = 0.023). 2 weeks after surgery, all patients in the phenolisation group and 85.4% of patients in the excision group returned to normal daily activities (p = 0.026). Pain was significantly lower after phenolisation at 2 weeks postoperatively (0.8 ± 1.0 vs. 1.6 ± 1.3, p = 0.003). Surgical site infection occurred significantly more often after radical excision (n = 10, 21.7% vs. n = 2, 4.0%, p = 0.020). At 6 and 12 weeks, complete wound epithelialization was more frequently achieved after phenolisation (69.0% vs. 37.0%, p = 0.003 and 81.0% vs. 60.9%, p = 0.039, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Pit excision with phenolisation of SPSD resulted in a quicker return to normal daily activities, less pain, and quicker wound epithelialization compared to radical excision. Surgeons should consider phenolisation in patients with primary SPSD.

Pilonidal disease practice points: An update.

BACKGROUND: Chronic pilonidal disease is a common debilitating condition often seen in general practice. It is a cause of considerable morbidity and social embarrassment, but recent developments in treatment options provide promising solutions to this problem.  OBJECTIVE: This article recaps pilonidal sinus development and presentation, details methods of treatment in the primary care setting and explores new specialist management options available in Australia. DISCUSSION: As a chronic condition, the devastation of recurrence with further pain, embarrassment and time off work - added to the prospect of more surgery - is still common for patients with chronic pilonidal disease. This can be avoided with correct management and timely counselling regarding surgical options available.

Porcine bladder extracellular matrix in paediatric pilonidal wound care: healing and patient experience evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: Pilonidal disease (PD) with inflammation and abscess formation occurs frequently in adolescents. The management of pilonidal disease, time to wound healing, and patient satisfaction, however remains variable despite advances in wound care methods. Porcine bladder extracellular matrix (PBEM) facilitates site-specific tissue deposition/re-growth for the management of a variety of wounds. The aim was to describe the use and outcomes of PBEM in PD at a single centre. METHOD: A retrospective chart review of adolescent patients who underwent treatment of pilonidal disease with PBEM between 2012 and 2016 at a single institution, was undertaken. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were collected and compared with historical controls and literature regarding traditional wound therapies. RESULTS: We reviewed 52 pilonidal disease wounds on 41 patients. Of these 36 were treated with PBEM. The average age was 16 years old at the time of operation with 39% male. Furthermore, 85% were being treated for recurrent pilonidal disease. Follow-up was available by chart review for 89% of patients with documented complete wound healing in 78% of patients treated with PBEM at an average of two months. Subjective reports included majority positive experience with PBEM dressing, minimal pain and overall high levels of patient satisfaction. There were three patients in which pilonidal disease recurred within two years of initial treatment and underwent repeat treatment with PBEM. There was one patient who transitioned to wet-to-dry saline dressings because of difficulty keeping the PBEM dressing intact. CONCLUSION: Advances in wound care technology include materials such as PBEM to promote site-specific tissue deposition. Follow-up phone calls and a prospective study to compare alternative wound care with porcine PBEM in the management of pilonidal disease is underway to better quantify time to wound healing and patient satisfaction.