El largo y sinuoso camino de la farmacia clinica en Chile / The long and winding road of the clinical pharmacy in Chile

Clinical pharmacy is a health discipline in which pharmacists provide patient care that optimizes rational medication use and promotes health, wellness and disease prevention. The beginnings of clinical pharmacy in Chile were inspired by the origin in the School of Pharmacy of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), in the mid-1960s. However, the historical development in our country, both in teaching and in the professional field, was accompanied by difficulties and success, which became a long and winding road. This article shares the events that gave rise to its beginnings in Chile, first through teaching, then in pharmacovigilance and clinical pharmacokinetics, to later describe its professional expansion and recognition as a specialty of pharmacy. This article briefly recounts the history of the Chilean clinical pharmacy to this day. Some names of people or institutions were not mentioned. Therefore the authors apologize in advance to pharmacists and organizations whose contribution cannot be recognized in this way. However, we know that this specialty has not been forged only by the names that appear, but by all those who love and respect the work of the clinical pharmacy.

PRACTITIONER UPDATE.

OBJECTIVE: To review the development and implementation of prescription formularies by managed care organizations, identify their current applications, and recognize future trends in the managed care pharmacy environment. DATA SOURCES: Current journal articles and texts regarding the use of formularies and the managed care environment. DATA SYNTHESIS: Not applicable. CONCLUSION: Formulary systems have proven to be a valuable means to control the pharmacy benefit and can be expected to expand in both scope and sophistication.

Clinical pharmacy services in the emergency department.

The emergency department (ED) is a fast-paced, high-risk, and often overburdened work environment. Formal policy statements from several notable organizations, including the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), have recognized the importance of clinical pharmacists in the emergency medicine (EM) setting. EM clinical pharmacists work alongside emergency physicians and nurses at the bedside to optimize pharmacotherapy, improve patient safety, increase efficiency and cost-effectiveness of care, facilitate antibiotic stewardship, educate patients and clinicians, and contribute to scholarly efforts. This paper examines the history of EM clinical pharmacists and associated training programs, the diverse responsibilities and roles of EM clinical pharmacists, their impact on clinical and financial outcomes, and proposes a conceptual model for EM clinical pharmacist integration into ED patient care. Finally, barriers to implementing EM clinical pharmacy programs and limitations are considered.

[Drugs of a Baroque monastery pharmacy]. / Léky z barokní klásterní lékárny.

This paper deal with a manuscript from the years 1714-1720, originating most probably from the hospital of the Brothers of Mercy in Nové Mesto nad Metují. it contains the records of the hospital pharmacy about the drugs prepared for both patients and monks who operated this hospital. The included drugs were mainly intended for elderly males. The manuscript lists about fifteen hundred drugs and more than three hundred active ingredients, of which about two thirds were of plant origin. The paper presents the compositions of more important drugs and partly deals also with their preparation.

[A chapter from the history of the pharmacy of the Brothers of Mercy in Spisské Podhradí in the 19th and 20th centuries]. / Z dejin lékárny Milosrdných bratrí v Spisském Podhradí v 19. a 20. století

On the basis of archival materials, period publications and literary sources, this paper presents the data concerning the history of the pharmacy of the Hospital Order of St. John of God - the Brothers of Mercy in Spisské Podhradie in Slovakia. The Brothers of Mercy were active in Spisské Podhradie from the second half of the 17th century and in harmony with the main mission of the Order they ran a hospital and a pharmacy. The paper briefly characterizes the activities of the Brothers of Mercy in Spisské Podhradie, describes their pharmacy, its material-technical equipment and personnel carrying out its operation, focusing on the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century till the take-over of the pharmacy and convent by the Czechoslovak province.

[Pharmacy intern of the hospitals of Paris in the 1950's]. / Etre interne en pharmacie des hôpitaux de Paris dans les années 1950.

For about two centuries, the hospitals of Paris have had an internship program. Every year, 20 to 50 interns were recruited following a difficult competitive examination. Their duties covered both the production and the distribution of medicines, and biological testing. During the 20th century, biological testing meet the exigencies of clinical medicine and it evolved interns participated, under the guidance of the hospital pharmacists.