Adult-onset Woakes' syndrome: a rare entity.

Woakes' syndrome (WS) is a rare entity, defined as severe recalcitrant nasal polyposis with consecutive deformity of the nasal pyramid. WS occurs mainly in childhood and its aetiology remains unclear. We report a case of a 68-year old woman, with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, who presented with recurrent nasal polyposis and progressive broadening of the nasal dorsum. CT scan revealed extensive bilateral nasal polyposis and diffuse osteitis, with anterior ethmoidal calcified lesions. The patient underwent revision endoscopic sinus surgery and nasal pyramid deformity was successfully managed without osteotomies.

COVID-19 with pleural effusion as the initial symptom: a case study analysis.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified strain of coronavirus in the human body and was reported in Wuhan at the end of 2019. So far, the epidemic is continuing and very serious, with the number of infections and deaths increasing. Despite active investigations around the world to better understand the dynamics of transmission and the scope of clinical disease, COVID-19 continues to spread rapidly from person to person. The common signs and symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection include fever, fatigue, dry cough, and dyspnea; in severe cases, patients may have acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis difficult to treat and coagulation disorder. However, some patients who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 in their respiratory tract may not have such clinical signs and symptoms. This report presents a case study analysis of a patient admitted in the Fourth Taiyuan People's Hospital, who had suffered traumatic injuries from a car accident and survived COVID-19, with pleural effusion as the initial symptom. We report a case of 2019-NCOV with pleural effusion as the first symptom. Describe in detail the differential diagnosis, diagnosis, clinical management, and cure of this case. In order to combat the novel CoronaviruscoVID-19 in the process to provide lessons and help.

"There is more than what meets the eye" - Extensive spinal tuberculosis presenting as ocular tuberculosis.

Ocular tuberculosis (OTB) is a rare form of extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) and a rare presenting feature of tuberculosis (TB) in children. We report such a case in a 3-year-old boy who presented with a painless swelling over left upper eyelid. Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli were isolated from the swelling by a Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) which confirmed the diagnosis. Investigating him for the extent of disease, we found him to have intracranial extension to involve the ethmoid sinus on contrast enhance Computed Tomography and Pott's disease causing a compression fracture of L3 with bilateral paravertebral collection, epidural extension and a left psoas abscess on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. After starting antitubercular therapy, the child is doing well and on regular follow up. We are presenting this case to highlight the fact that extensive spinal tuberculosis can present without any neurological deficit and may even present only as a benign looking orbital swelling.

Complicación orbitaria recurrente por rinosinusitis. Reporte de un caso / Recurrent orbital complication by rhinosinusitis. A case report

El compromiso orbitario es la complicación más frecuente de la rinosinusitis aguda en pediatría, y el etmoides es el seno más afectado. La recurrencia es infrecuente. Existen solo tres casos publicados en la literatura. Una anomalía anatómica del proceso unciforme o un mucocele podrían ser factores predisponentes, que pueden obstruir el drenaje normal de los senos junto con la presencia de etmoiditis.La tomografía computada y la resonancia magnética orientan el diagnóstico. El tratamiento quirúrgico está indicado ante la falta de respuesta al tratamiento instaurado luego de 48 horas o disminución de la agudeza visual o recurrencias sin patología tumoral de base.Se presenta a un paciente de 4 años de edad que consultó por un cuadro compatible con etmoiditis complicada recurrente. Presentó celulitis preseptal en seis oportunidades y un episodio de absceso subperióstico, desde los 3 meses de edad. Evolucionó favorablemente luego de la operación quirúrgica.

Orbital infection is the most frequent complication of ethmoiditis. Recurrent periorbital cellulitis is a very rare complication of rhinosinusitis with only three reports in the literature describing this pathological process.This complication can be favored by an anatomical abnormality of the uncinate process or mucocele obstructing the normal drainage pathway, in addition to ethmoidal sinusitis.Computed tomography and magnetic resonance guide the diagnosis. The treatment is based on antibiotics, corticosteroids and local decongestants. Surgical treatment is indicated in the absence of response to treatment established after 48 hours or decrease in visual acuity or recurrent orbital complications without underlying tumor pathology. In this report, we present a case of orbital complication of rhinosinusitis in a 4 year-old-child with six episodes of unilateral periorbital cellulitis and one episode of subperiosteal orbital abscess since the age of 3 months. There was a complete resolution with no recurrence after the surgical intervention

Isolated fronto-ethmoidal allergic fungal rhinosinusitis: case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK: Fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) is a clinical entity characterized by the presence of fungi within sino-nasal cavities that may occur in patients with normal or defective immunity. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is a form of non-invasive FRS that affects patients with an abnormal immuno-mediated response to fungal antigens. This article describes a case of isolated fronto-ethmoidal AFRS. METHODS: A 20-year old male patient presented with a history of a left nasal respiratory obstruction and allergic oculorhinitis. CT scans showed a polypoid mass in the left nasal cavity and opacification of the left ethmoid sinus, frontal recess and frontal sinus with hyperdense component. The patient underwent functional endonasal sinus surgery (FESS) with removal of nasal polyps from the left nasal cavity and of cheesy-like material and dense mucus from the left ethmoid and frontal sinus. Histological examination showed presence of fungal hyphae within the allergic mucus; a diagnosis of AFRS was made. RESULTS: Follow up at 14 months showed no signs of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The AFRS case reported herein is characterized by isolated unilateral fronto-ethmoid involvement, a rare presentation. Endoscopic nasal treatment was effective with complete patient recovery. (www.actabiomedica.it).

[Clinical analysis of chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and treatment of chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis(CIFRS). METHODS: From June 2006 to August 2011, seven patients were pathologically diagnosed as CIFRS in otorhinolaryngology department of Peking university first hospital and included in this study. The clinical records were reviewed. The clinical features, clinical course, symptoms, clinical signs, CT/MRI scan of the sinuses, surgical approach, postoperative pathology and medications were analyzed retrospectively. These 7 patients received both surgical and systemic anti-fungal treatment. Among them, 2 cases with characteristically clinical features were addressed into further analyses to explore the clinical feature and treatment of CIFRS. RESULTS: Among the 7 patients, 5 were female and 2 were male. The course of diseases were from 2 months to 8 years. All patients had no systemic immune diseases and history of diabetes mellitus, while 1 case had a history of facial trauma, and another 1 case had received antibiotics for long-stay in bed after a car accident. The onset lesions of 6 cases were in unilateral maxillary sinus and 1 in unilateral ethmoid sinus. Aspergillus fungi were detected in 6 cases and mold fungi were detected in 1 case by pathology or fungal culture. After follow-up for 1-5 years, 6 patients were cured, and 1 was died. CONCLUSIONS: CIFRS are often diagnosed in patients with normal immune function. Lesions alwasys occur in single sinus, and maxillary sinus is the most commonly involved.Aspergillus is the most common pathogens. Early clinical manifestation and sinus CT images are lack of specificity. Surgery associated with adequate antifungal treatment might be the best treatment strategy.

Orbital Cellulitis and Subperiosteal Abscess: A 5-year Outcomes Analysis.

PURPOSE: Orbital cellulitis and subperiosteal abscess (SPA) are historically associated with poor outcomes. We seek to characterize current associations with abscess formation, surgical failure and vision loss. METHODS: All cases of orbital cellulitis presenting to an affiliated hospital between April 2008 and 2013 were critically reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty patients met inclusion criteria. Average age was 28.7 ± 24.4. The male to female ratio was 2:1. Abscesses were identified in 56.7% of patients. Adults were less likely than children to present with abscesses (28.6% vs. 81.3%, p = 0.008). Of the other factors analyzed, only antibiotic use before admission (70.5% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.03) and maximum restriction (-2.5 ± 1.2 vs. -0.9 ± 0.7, p = 0.008) were associated with SPA. Temperature at presentation (37.9 ± 0.9 vs. 37.1 ± 0.4, p = 0.04), relative proptosis (5.8 ± 3.3 mm vs. 2.1 ± 1.1, p = 0.002) and abscess volume (4.3 ± 1.3 mm(3) vs. 0.7 ± 0.5 mm(3), p = 0.0004) were associated with progression to surgery. Reoperation was required in 26.7% of patients. Of these, two-thirds had combined superior/medial abscesses that re-accumulated after isolated endonasal surgery. Two of the 3 patients with profound vision loss had a dental etiology. CONCLUSIONS: Only young age, prior antibiotics and degree of restriction predicted the presence of an abscess. Re-accumulation was more common than anticipated, and drainage of superior/medial abscesses by endoscopic surgery alone had the strongest association with surgical failure. Patients with odontogenic abscesses must be treated with particular caution.

Etmoiditis complicada con celulitis orbitaria en un lactante / Complicated ethmoiditis with orbital cellulitis in a nursling

Se define la etmoiditis como la inflamación e infección de la mucosa de las celdas etmoidales. Se diagnostica clínicamente con la presencia de edema en el ángulo medial del ojo, que se extiende a las estructuras adyacentes. Estudios imagenológicos son necesarios para verificar la presencia de complicaciones, entre las que se citan el absceso orbitario, subperióstico, epidural, subdural, cerebral, tromboflebitis del seno cavernoso, meningoencefalitis y la muerte del paciente. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus y Haemophilus influenzae son microorganismos frecuentemente responsables de este cuadro. Las complicaciones orbitarias en las etmoiditis, necesitan el diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz para evitar secuelas irreversibles. Se presenta el caso de un lactante masculino, de 1 mes y 26 días de nacido, que ingresa con fiebre, rinorrea serosa y rechazo al alimento. Evolutivamente se constata marcada obstrucción nasal, edema periorbitario izquierdo, rubor, calor, protrusión del globo ocular e irritabilidad, y se diagnostica etmoiditis complicada con celulitis orbitaria. Se realiza tomografía axial computarizada que informa seno etmoidal izquierdo ocupado por contenido de densidad líquida con celularidad (15-25 UH), engrosamiento de partes blandas de la pared interna de la órbita que abomba, comprime y desplaza la musculatura orbitaria, y se extiende al párpado y al ala izquierda de la nariz desviando tabique blando; así como ligera proptosis, y disminución de la densidad ósea de la pared interna de la cavidad orbitaria. Se toma muestra para cultivo y se aísla Staphylococcus aureus meticillin resistente. Se comentan los elementos diagnósticos y su tratamiento, con el objetivo de llamar la atención de los pediatras para lograr el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno.

Ethmoiditis is the inflammation and infection of the ethmoidal cell mucus. It is clinically diagnosed after observing edema in the medial angle of the eye extending into the adjacent structures. Imaging studies are required to verify complications such as orbital, subperiostic, epidural, subdural, cerebral abscess; thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus, meningoencephalitis and finally death of the patient. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae are frequently responsible for this health picture. The orbital complications seen in ethmoiditis require early diagnosis and treatment to avoid irreversible sequelae. This is the case of a male nursling aged one month and 26 days, who was admitted to the hospital with fever, rhinorrea serosa and rejection to feeding. As his condition progresses, it was observed that he presented with marked nasal obstruction, left periorbital edema, blushing, heat, eyeball protusion and irritability. He was finally diagnosed as complicated ethmoiditis with orbital cellulitis case. Computer axial tomography revealed left ethmoidal sinus filled with fluid content having cellularity rate of 15-25 UH, thickening of soft parts of the internal wall of the orbit that juts out, compresses and shifts the orbital musculature and extends into the eyebrow and to the left wing of the nose, thus deviating the soft septum in addition to slight proptosis and reduction of the bone density of the internal wall of the orbital cavity. A sample was taken for culturing, which resulted in isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The diagnostic elements and the treatment of this disease were explained in order to call the pediatricians´attention to timely diagnose and treat these patients.

An unusual case of acute periorbital swelling.

Periorbital swelling is frequently encountered in ear, nose, and throat practices and, as it may be secondary to acute sinusitis, delayed diagnosis may lead to significant morbidity. We describe the case of a 24-year-old man with acute ethmoid-maxillary sinusitis and ipsilateral facial swelling particularly involving the periorbital area. We also discuss the workup that led to the formulation of an unusual diagnosis.

A rare occurrence of a fungus ball in the sphenoethmoid recess.

A fungus ball usually appears as a calcification within the sinus, suggesting the presence of a foreign body.

[The 'black turbinate sign' in a case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis]. / Signo del cornete negro en un caso de mucormicosis rinocerebral.

TITLE: Signo del cornete negro en un caso de mucormicosis rinocerebral.

Subdural empyema due to Lactococcus lactis cremoris: case report.

Lactococcus lactis cremoris (L. lactis cremoris) infections are very rare in humans. Only three case reports of brain abscess have been reported and the infectious routes and pathological features are still unknown. We experienced a subdural empyema due to L. lactis cremoris in an immunocompetent adult. A 33-year-old man was admitted with fever, right facial pain, left hemiparesis, and left hemianopsia. Computed tomography demonstrated low density fluid collection in the right falcotentorial subdural space. Magnetic resonance (MR) images revealed a high signal lesion on a diffusion-weighted image (DWI) and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images in the right paratentorial and parafalcine subdural space, right maxillary sinus, and bilateral ethmoidal sinus. He underwent two sequential open surgeries for removal and drainage of empyema and was treated with antibiotics including meropenem and ampicillin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of subdural empyema caused by L. lactis cremoris infection. We report the case and discuss the pathological features with the previous literature.

[Orbital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma masked by ethmoid sinusitis in a 25-year-old]. / Rabdomiosarcoma alveolar orbitario enmascarado por sinusitis etmoidal en un adulto de 25 años.

CASE REPORT: A 25-year-old woman with right subacute sinusitis, complained about discomfort in her right eye. Clinical manifestations and computed tomography were suggestive of sub-periosteal orbital ethmoid wall abscess, for which the patient underwent urgent drainage. A solid tumor was found, with a positive biopsy for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Complete remission and resolution of orbital symptoms were achieved with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. DISCUSSION: Alveolar orbital rhabdomyosarcoma in adults is uncommon. Rhabdomyosarcoma has a high risk of spreading. It can simulate a sinusitis, as in our patient, early diagnosis and early treatment being especially important in these patients.

[Septic cavernous sinus thrombosis following ethmoiditis: a case report]. / Thrombose du sinus caverneux compliquant une ethmoïdite aiguë

Acute ethmoiditis is a rare infection of ethmoidal cells. The pathognomonic sign is an edema of the internal corner of the eye. Imaging may be necessary to verify the absence of orbital or endocranial complications. Thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus is a serious complication of this infectious process. We report the case of an 11-year-old boy who presented with ethmoiditis complicated with thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus, with right hemiplegia and left Bell palsy sequelae. Early diagnosis of this disorder and urgent therapy are essential. Treatment is based on the antibiotic therapy.

Neonatal orbital abscess.

Orbital abscess is life-threatening and rare in children. Reported herein is a term male neonate who had methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus orbital abscess, and a literature review of this disease. A total of 16 neonates diagnosed with neonatal orbital abscess are reported in the literature. There is a mild male predilection and two neonates were delivered prematurely. Leukocytosis, fever, ethmoiditis and associated upper respiratory tract infection were found in approximately half of them. Eight neonates had sepsis and 14 patients underwent surgical intervention. One patient died. Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 14 out of 17 patients. Neonatal orbital abscess is rarely encountered but may be fatal. Although streptococci are prevalent in childhood orbital infection, S. aureus was predominant in neonatal orbital abscess in the present series. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy against S. aureus is essential in treating neonatal orbital abs ess. This case suggests that a higher initial dose of vancomycin may be an effective and safe strategy for severe S. aureus infection in neonates.