RESUMO
We report the design and fabrication of a multifunctional persistent luminescent nanoprobe for imaging guided dual-stimulus responsive and triple-synergistic therapy of drug resistant tumor. The integration of the dual-stimulus of an acidic microenvironment and laser irradiation with the triple-synergistic therapy of doxorubicin, photothermal and siRNA offers excellent therapeutic performance for drug resistant tumor cells with high specificity and little side effects.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Substâncias Luminescentes/uso terapêutico , RNA Interferente Pequeno/uso terapêutico , Antituberculosos/administração & dosagem , Antituberculosos/efeitos adversos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Tratamento Farmacológico/métodos , Ácido Fólico/química , Terapia Genética/métodos , Humanos , Indóis/química , Substâncias Luminescentes/administração & dosagem , Substâncias Luminescentes/efeitos adversos , Nanopartículas/química , Imagem Óptica/métodos , Tamanho da Partícula , Fototerapia/métodos , Polietilenoimina/química , Polímeros/química , RNA Interferente Pequeno/administração & dosagem , RNA Interferente Pequeno/efeitos adversos , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
Being abundant in many tropical part of the world, Dioscorea sp. as food is limited due to its toxicity. However polysaccharides derive from these tubers could be important for other applications. Here we developed a Highly Luminescent Carbon Nanodots (C-dots) via acid hydrolysis of Gadong starch (GS). The hydrolysis rate of GS increased from 49% to 86% within 7 days while the X-ray diffraction showed the native GS particle is a C-crystalline type. The GS particles were either round or oval with diameters ranging from 50-90 nm. Further acid dehydration and surface oxidation reduced the size of GS nanoparticles to 6-25 nm. The C-dots produced a fluorescent emission at wavelength 441 nm. Toxicity tests demonstrate that zebrafish embryo were able to tolerate the C-dots for 48 h after exposure. This study has successfully demonstrated a novel approach of converting GS into excellent fluorescent C-dot.
Assuntos
Dioscorea/química , Substâncias Luminescentes/síntese química , Pontos Quânticos/química , Amido/análogos & derivados , Animais , Carbono/química , Embrião não Mamífero/efeitos dos fármacos , Substâncias Luminescentes/efeitos adversos , Substâncias Luminescentes/química , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
We report the synthesis of three optical probes (Eu(3+)â1, Eu(3+)â2, and Eu(3+)â3) having a luminescent Eu complex (signaling unit) bonded in different positions to folic acid (FA), the folate receptor (FR) targeting unit. The structures of the two regioisomers Eu(3+)â1 and Eu(3+)â2 were assigned by mass spectrometric experiments. The optical properties and stability of these probes were assessed in phosphate-buffered saline, cell culture medium, rat serum, and cellular lysate, and results indicated that they are chemically and photophysically stable. Cytotoxicity was studied with ovarian cancer cells having high (SKOV-3), intermediate (OVCAR-3), low (IGROV-1), or null (A2780) expression of FRs. The internalized probe, evaluated in SKOV-3, IGROV-1, and A2780 cells, was in the order Eu(3+)â2 > Eu(3+)â1 > Eu(3+)â3. No internalization was observed for A2780 cells. Such results, together with those obtained in competition experiments of FA versus Eu(3+)â2 and FA or Eu(3+)â2 versus (3)H-FA, indicate that internalization is receptor-mediated and that Eu(3+)â2 shows high selectivity and specificity for FR.
Assuntos
Európio/química , Ácido Fólico/metabolismo , Substâncias Luminescentes/análise , Substâncias Luminescentes/química , Imagem Molecular/métodos , Sondas Moleculares/química , Compostos Organometálicos/química , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Európio/efeitos adversos , Európio/análise , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/efeitos adversos , Ácido Fólico/química , Humanos , Substâncias Luminescentes/efeitos adversos , Substâncias Luminescentes/síntese química , Sondas Moleculares/efeitos adversos , Sondas Moleculares/análise , Sondas Moleculares/síntese química , Estrutura Molecular , Compostos Organometálicos/efeitos adversos , Compostos Organometálicos/análise , Compostos Organometálicos/síntese química , Neoplasias Ovarianas/química , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Especificidade por SubstratoRESUMO
Rare-earth upconversion nanophosphors (UCNPs), when excited by continuous-wave near-infrared light, exhibit a unique narrow photoluminescence with higher energy. Such special upconversion luminescence makes UCNPs promising as bioimaging probes with attractive features, such as no auto-fluorescence from biological samples and a large penetration depth. As a result, UCNPs have emerged as novel imaging agents for small animals. In this critical review, recent reports regarding the synthesis of water-soluble UCNPs and their surface modification and bioconjugation chemistry are summarized. The applications of UCNPs for small-animal imaging, including tumor-targeted imaging, lymphatic imaging, vascular imaging and cell tracking are reviewed in detail. The exploration of UCNPs as multifunctional nanoscale carriers for integrated imaging and therapy is also presented. The biodistribution and toxicology of UCNPs are further described. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in the development of UCNP-based nanoplatforms for small-animal imaging (276 references).
Assuntos
Substâncias Luminescentes/química , Imagem Molecular/métodos , Nanoestruturas/química , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , Elementos da Série dos Lantanídeos/química , Substâncias Luminescentes/efeitos adversos , Substâncias Luminescentes/metabolismo , Substâncias Luminescentes/uso terapêutico , Medições Luminescentes , Sondas Moleculares/efeitos adversos , Sondas Moleculares/química , Sondas Moleculares/metabolismo , Sondas Moleculares/uso terapêutico , Nanoestruturas/efeitos adversos , Nanoestruturas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Common asthma triggers during recreational activities include allergen exposure, concomitant viral infection, and exercise. We present the case of a 42-year-old man with a 2-year history of wheezing, chest tightness, and upper respiratory symptoms that were associated with surfing. He denied symptoms with other forms of exercise and had no personal history of asthma. His physical exam was unremarkable and his pre- and postbronchodilator spirometry was normal. After detailed history and keen observation on the patient's part, a diagnosis was made and he enjoyed good response to the therapy for this condition. Underrecognized asthma triggers and exposures in the recreational environment should be investigated.