RESUMO
Organ bioengineering offers a promising solution to the persistent shortage of donor organs. However, the progression of this technology toward clinical use has been hindered by the challenges of reconstituting a functional vascular network, directing the engraftment of specific functional cell types, and defining appropriate culture conditions to concurrently support the health and phenotypic stability of diverse cell lineages. We previously demonstrated the ability to functionally reendothelialize the vasculature of a clinically scaled decellularized liver scaffold with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and to sustain continuous perfusion in a large animal recovery model. We now report a method for seeding and engrafting primary porcine hepatocytes into a bioengineered liver (BEL) scaffold previously reendothelialized with HUVECs. The resulting BELs were competent for albumin production, ammonia detoxification and urea synthesis, indicating the presence of a functional hepatocyte compartment. BELs additionally slowed ammonia accumulation during in vivo perfusion in a porcine model of surgically induced acute liver failure. Following explant of the graft, BEL parenchyma showed maintenance of canonical endothelial and hepatocyte markers. Taken together, these results support the feasibility of engineering a clinically scaled functional BEL and establish a platform for optimizing the seeding and engraftment of additional liver specific cells.
Assuntos
Transplante de Fígado/métodos , Engenharia Tecidual/métodos , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hepatócitos/transplante , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/transplante , Humanos , Fígado/cirurgia , Falência Hepática Aguda/cirurgia , Perfusão , Sus scrofa/cirurgiaRESUMO
A reproducible swine thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) model is useful for investigating new therapeutic interventions. We report a surgical method for creating a reproducible swine saccular TAA model. We used eight female swine weighing 20-25 kg (LWD; ternary species). All procedures were performed under general anesthesia and involved left thoracotomy. Following aortic cross-clamping, the thoracic aorta was surgically dissected and the media and intima were resected, and the dissection plane was extended by spreading the outer layer for aneurysmal space. Subsequently, only the adventitial layer of the aorta was sutured. At 2 weeks after these procedures, angiography and computed tomography were performed. After follow-up imaging, the model animals were euthanized. Macroscopic, histological, and immunohistological examinations were performed. All model animals survived, and a saccular TAA was confirmed by follow-up imaging in all cases. The mean length of the shorter and the longer aortic diameter after the procedure were 14.01 ± 1.0 mm and 18.35 ± 1.4 mm, respectively (P<0.001). The rate of increase in the aortic diameter was 131.7 ± 13.8%, and the mean length of aneurysmal change at thoracic aorta was 22.4 ± 1.9 mm. Histological examination revealed intimal tears and defects of elastic fibers in the media. Immunostaining revealed MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions at the aneurysm site. We report our surgical method for creating a swine saccular TAA model. Our model animal may be useful to investigate new therapeutic interventions for aortic disease.
Assuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/cirurgia , Sus scrofa/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Torácicos/métodos , Animais , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/reabilitação , Modelos Animais de Doenças , FemininoRESUMO
Pigs are used to model humans in gastrointestinal (GI) studies because of their comparable size, physiology and behaviour: both are monogastric omnivores. A porcine surgical model for testing novel, tethered ultrasound capsule endoscopes (USCE) requires a clean, motile small intestine. Recommendations for human GI tract preparation before the mechanically similar process of video capsule endoscopy describe using oral purgatives, while high-carbohydrate drinks are recommended before colorectal surgery. Reports of the GI preparation of pigs exist but lack technical details, that is, administration, efficacy and side effects. This report details feeding a high-energy liquid diet to 11 female pigs undergoing surgery and USCE which was readily accepted and easily administered, and which produced a clean, motile small intestine and caused no detectable physiological/behavioural abnormalities.
Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Cápsulas Endoscópicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Endoscopia por Cápsula/estatística & dados numéricos , Dieta , Sus scrofa/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Intestino Delgado/fisiologia , Modelos Animais , Sus scrofa/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe risk factors for as well as type and frequency of complications, time to occurrence of complications, and mortality after temporary tube cystostomy alone or in combination with other surgical procedures, in goats, sheep, and pigs. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: One hundred thirteen goats, eight sheep, and six pigs. METHODS: Medical records of goats, sheep, and pigs that underwent temporary tube cystostomy alone or in combination with urethrotomy at the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2018 were reviewed. Signalment, presurgical and surgical procedures, urolith type and location, and postoperative complications and mortality were analyzed. In goats, logistic regression analysis was performed to determine association between the presence of complications or mortality as well as candidate predictor variables. RESULTS: Postoperative complications were reported in 54.9% (62/113) of goats, 37.5% (3/8) of sheep, and 50% (3/6) of pigs. The most frequent type of complication was reobstruction. Median (range) time to first complication was 171 days (1-2247) for goats. In sheep and pigs, the range for time to re-presentation for complications was 11 to 37 and 17 to 1182 days, respectively. Proportions of nonsurvivors after tube cystostomy were 48.4% (30/62) goats, 1/8 sheep and 2/6 pigs. No association between examined predictor variables and the occurrence of complications or mortality was detected. CONCLUSION: The risk of complications and mortality after temporary tube cystostomy was high, especially in goats. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Owners should be made aware of the high complication rate after temporary tube cystostomy alone or in combination with other procedures. Investigation of alternative approaches to manage obstructive urolithiasis in goats, sheep, and pigs should be considered.
Assuntos
Cistostomia/veterinária , Cabras/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/veterinária , Carneiro Doméstico/cirurgia , Sus scrofa/cirurgia , Animais , Cistostomia/efeitos adversos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Uretra/cirurgiaRESUMO
Three electrosurgical tissue-sealing devices (EnSeal ETSDRC-01, LigaSure LS1500 and Thunderbeat TB-0535PC) were compared regarding sealing time (ST), maximum working temperature (WTmax) and the total (MTZtotal) as well as the collateral microscopic thermal injury zone (MTZcollat) using laparoscopic handpieces 5 mm in diameter on four types of tissue (liver, mesentery, cross striated muscle and spleen) in an in vivo porcine model. LigaSure had the lowest mean ST in spleen, mesentery, muscle and liver, followed by Thunderbeat and EnSeal with significant differences between all types of tissues and devices. The significantly lowest mean WTmax was obtained for EnSeal in mesentery, muscle and liver. LigaSure and EnSeal operated at the lowest temperature in spleen without a significant difference between them. Thunderbeat produced significantly higher temperature peaks in all cases. The lowest mean MTZtotal was caused by LigaSure and EnSeal in spleen, mesentery and muscle without significant differences between them, followed by the significantly higher values of Thunderbeat. Nevertheless, Thunderbeat produced the significantly lowest mean MTZtotal in the liver. EnSeal produced the lowest mean MTZcollat in the liver, followed by LigaSure and Thunderbeat showing significant differences. EnSeal and LigaSure produced the lowest mean MTZcollat in the spleen, mesentery and muscle without significant differences between them, followed by the significantly higher values of Thunderbeat. Based on the results of this study, Thunderbeat seems to be more invasive to tissue integrity (even without the activation of the ultrasonic scissor function) than EnSeal or LigaSure, that operate at lower temperatures and were found to cause negligible collateral thermal damage.
Assuntos
Eletrocirurgia/veterinária , Laparoscopia/veterinária , Sus scrofa/cirurgia , Animais , Eletrocirurgia/instrumentação , Laparoscopia/instrumentação , Fígado/cirurgia , Mesentério/cirurgia , Modelos Animais , Músculo Estriado/cirurgia , Baço/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) is rarely performed in veterinary medicine. A rationale exists for its use in selected cases of canine liver tumours. RFA induces ablation zones of variable size and geometry depending on the technique used and on the impedance of the targeted organ. OBJECTIVES: (a) to describe the geometry and reproducibility of the ablation zones produced by three commercially available systems from a single company, using isolated swine liver parenchyma as a model for future veterinary applications in vivo; (b) to study the effects of local saline perfusion into the ablated parenchyma through the electrode tip and of single versus double passage of the electrode on size, geometry and reproducibility of the ablation zones produced. METHODS: Size, and geometry of ablation zones reproduced in six livers with one cooled and perfused (saline) and two cooled and non-perfused systems, after single or double passage (n = 6/condition), were assessed macroscopically on digitalized images by a blinded operator. Longitudinal and transverse diameters, equivalent diameter, estimated volume and roundness index were measured. Reproducibility was assessed as coefficient of variation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Ablation zone reproducibility was higher when expressed in terms of ablation zone diameters than estimated volume. Local saline perfusion of the parenchyma through the electrode tip during RFA increased the ablation zone longitudinal diameter. Ablation zone estimated volume increased with saline perfusion only when double passage was performed. These data may provide useful information for those clinicians who intend to include RFA as an additive tool in veterinary interventional radiology.
Assuntos
Eletrodos/estatística & dados numéricos , Fígado/cirurgia , Ablação por Radiofrequência/veterinária , Sus scrofa/cirurgia , Animais , Cães , Modelos Animais , Ablação por Radiofrequência/instrumentação , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
In the obese, the evidence for the choice of the optimal emergency front-of-neck access technique is very limited and conflicting. We compared cannula and scalpel-bougie emergency front-of-neck access techniques in an anaesthetised porcine model with thick pretracheal tissue. Cannula and scalpel-bougie cricothyroidotomy techniques were performed in 11 and 12 anaesthetised pigs, respectively. Following successful tracheal access, oxygenation was commenced and continued for 5 min using Rapid-O2 device for cannula and circle breathing system for scalpel-bougie study groups. The primary outcome was a successful rescue oxygenation determined by maintenance of arterial oxygen saturation >90% 5 min after the beginning of oxygenation. Secondary outcomes included success rate of airway device placement, time to successful airway device placement, and trauma to the neck and airway. The success rate of rescue oxygenation was 18% after cannula, and 83% after scalpel-bougie technique (P = 0.003). The success rate of airway device placement was 73% with cannula and 92% with scalpel-bougie technique (P = 0.317). Median (inter-quartile-range) times to successful airway device placement were 108 (30-256) and 90 (63-188) seconds (P = 0.762) for cannula and scalpel-bougie emergency front-of-neck access, respectively. Proportion of animals with iatrogenic trauma additional to the procedure itself was 27% for cannula and 75% for scalpel-bougie technique (P = 0.039). Thus, in the porcine model of obesity, the scalpel-bougie technique was more successful in establishing and maintaining rescue oxygenation than cannula-based technique; however, it was associated with a higher risk of severe trauma.
Assuntos
Manuseio das Vias Aéreas/métodos , Modelos Anatômicos , Sus scrofa/cirurgia , Manuseio das Vias Aéreas/instrumentação , Animais , Cartilagem Cricoide/cirurgia , Tratamento de Emergência/instrumentação , Tratamento de Emergência/métodos , Feminino , Intubação Intratraqueal/instrumentação , Intubação Intratraqueal/métodos , Modelos Animais , Pescoço/cirurgia , Obesidade/cirurgia , Oxigênio/administração & dosagem , Instrumentos Cirúrgicos , Fatores de Tempo , Traqueostomia/instrumentação , Traqueostomia/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Male piglets are surgically castrated at a young age primarily to prevent pork meat from being tainted with boar taint, an offensive taste and odor that can be present in uncastrated male pigs. The practice of surgical castration is considered to be both stressful and painful for the piglets, and is therefore under scrutiny due to animal welfare concerns. Rearing of intact males or vaccination against boar taint (immunocastration) are two potential alternatives to surgical castration, but in order to successfully implement either of these alternatives, consumer acceptance of the different methods must be taken into consideration as it will be central for future sales of pork products. A consumer survey mapping Norwegian consumers' attitudes toward piglet castration was conducted to explore whether the consumers' position regarding castration has changed since an almost identical study was completed in 2008. RESULTS: The internet-based survey found that Norwegian consumers are comfortable with the current practice of surgical castration with anesthesia, but also that they are open to the alternative method of vaccination against boar taint. When provided additional information stating that vaccination against boar taint may not be able to reduce boar taint to the levels that castration with anesthesia does, consumer skepticism towards vaccination increased. When evaluating castration methods, animal welfare was the most important influencing factor. Since the original survey from 2008, animal welfare was also the single factor that has increased the most among a set of assessment criteria when purchasing pork products. CONCLUSION: Norwegian consumers regard animal welfare as an important factor both when purchasing pork products and when evaluating different methods of castration, and animal welfare as a factor has increased in importance since the initial survey in 2008. Although the current practice of castration using local anesthesia is still widely accepted among consumers, the acceptance of today's method has declined since the original survey in 2008.
Assuntos
Bem-Estar do Animal , Atitude , Comportamento do Consumidor/estatística & dados numéricos , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Sus scrofa/cirurgia , Animais , Masculino , Noruega , Orquiectomia/psicologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There are a growing number of porcine models being used for orthopaedic experiments for human beings. Therefore, pain management of those research pigs using ultrasound (US)-guided nerve block can be usefully performed. The aim of this study is to determine optimal US approaches for accessing and localizing the sciatic nerve at the midthigh level, a relevant block site for hindlimb surgery in female Yorkshire pigs. METHODS: As a first step, we dissected the intubated, blood-washed out pigs (n = 3) and confirmed the anatomical position of the sciatic nerve at midthigh level. After dissection, we found the sciatic nerve, connected with nerve stimulator, and checked the dorsiflexion or plantar flexion of the hindlimb. We matched the sciatic nerve location with the US image. After the pigs were euthanized, the neural structures of the sciatic nerve were confirmed by histological examination with H&E staining. In second step, a main US-guided sciatic nerve block study was done in the intubated, live pigs (n = 8) based on the above study. RESULTS: In lateral position, the effective US-guided nerve block site was about 6 cm from the patella crease level; immediately proximal to the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve into the tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve. The distal femur was selected as the landmark. There were no vessels or other nerves surrounding the sciatic nerve. The needle-tip was positioned less than 1 cm lateral from the distal femur and about 2 cm deep to skin. 'Donut sign' in US images was confirmed in all 16 nerves. CONCLUSIONS: Midthigh level sciatic nerve is located superficially, which enables nerve block to be easily performed using US. This is the first study to describe midthigh sciatic nerve block in the lateral position under US guidance in a porcine model from a clinical perspective.
Assuntos
Bloqueio Nervoso/veterinária , Nervo Isquiático/fisiologia , Sus scrofa/cirurgia , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/veterinária , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Animais , Bloqueio Nervoso/métodosRESUMO
Swine models had been popular in paediatric oesophageal surgery in the past. Although being largely replaced by rodent models, swine experienced a revival with the establishment of minipig models. However, none of them has ever been investigated for similarity to humans. We conducted a pilot study to determine whether three-week old Pietrain piglets and three-month old Aachen Minipigs are suitable for experimental paediatric oesophageal atresia surgery. We tested the operation's feasibility, performed a necropsy, weighed organs, measured organ length and calculated relative weights and lengths, and measured laboratory parameters. We used multidimensional scaling to assess the similarity of the swine breeds with previously published human data. Pietrain piglets had a higher a priori bodyweight than Aachen Minipigs (Δ = 1.31 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37-2.23, p = 0.015), while snout-to-tail length was similar. Pietrain piglets had higher absolute and relative oesophageal lengths (Δ = 5.43 cm, 95% CI: 2.2-8.6; p = 0.0062, q1* = 0.0083 and Δ = 11.4%, 95% CI: 5.1-17.6; p = 0.0025, q3* = 0.0053). Likewise, absolute and relative small intestinal lengths were higher in Pietrains, but all other parameters did not differ, with the exception of minor differences in laboratory parameters. Multidimensional scaling revealed three-week old Pietrain piglets to be similar to two-month old humans based on their thoracoabdominal organ weights. This result indicates three-week old Pietrain piglets are a suitable model of paediatric oesophageal atresia surgery, because clinically many procedures are performed at around eight weeks age. Three-month old Aachen Minipigs were more dissimilar to eight-week old humans than three-week old Pietrain piglets.
Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Atresia Esofágica/cirurgia , Análise de Escalonamento Multidimensional , Sus scrofa/cirurgia , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão , Projetos Piloto , Suínos , Porco Miniatura/cirurgiaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to find a practical means of reducing pain associated with surgical castration by evaluating the effects of oral meloxicam and topical lidocaine, separately and in combination, on behavioral indicators of pain in piglets. Two hundred thirty-five piglets were surgically castrated between three and seven days of age. Immediately following castration, piglets received one of four treatments: (1) No pain mitigation (C; control; n = 58); (2) NSAID only (M; meloxicam; n = 59); (3) Topical anesthetic (L; lidocaine spray; n = 60); or (4) NSAID and topical anesthetic (X; meloxicam and lidocaine spray; n = 59). Behaviors were recorded by direct observation of individual piglets using five-minute scan samples over a five-hour period, for three days post-castration. Results of the experiment demonstrate the administration of oral meloxicam and topical lidocaine spray at the time of castration under the current methods did not mitigate pain associated with the procedure (P = 0.09; C: 2.1 ± 0.1, L: 2.4 ± 0.1, M: 2.1 ± 0.1 and X: 2.1 ± 0.1).
Assuntos
Lidocaína/administração & dosagem , Meloxicam/administração & dosagem , Dor Pós-Operatória/veterinária , Sus scrofa/cirurgia , Administração Oral , Administração Tópica , Anestesia Local/veterinária , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Bem-Estar do Animal , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos/cirurgia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The use of juvenile conventional pigs as a preclinical animal model to perform pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD) and safety studies for the paediatric population is increasing. Repetitive oral administration of drugs to juvenile pigs is however challenging. A representative method which can be used from birth till adulthood is necessary. The current study presents the placement and use of a gastrostomy button in pigs with a weight ranging from 2.4 to 161 kg. The surgical placement was performed via a laparotomic procedure on, each time, 12 pigs (six male, six female) of 1 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 6-7 months old. For every age category, eight pigs were part of a PK study with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and four pigs served as a control group. No severe complications were observed during surgery. The button remained functional for 10 days in 40 out of 48 pigs. No significant differences in body temperature or white blood cell count were observed during the trial. Three control pigs showed signs of inflammation indicating a NSAID might be warranted. Autopsy revealed minimal signs of major inflammation in the abdominal cavity or the stomach. A limited number of pigs showed mucosal inflammation, ulcers or abscesses in the stomach or around the fistula. These results indicate that the laparotomic placement of a gastrostomy button might be considered safe and easy in growing pigs to perform repetitive oral dosing preclinical studies. However, the method is not advised in pigs weighing more than 100 kg.
Assuntos
Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Gastrostomia/métodos , Laparotomia/métodos , Sus scrofa/cirurgia , Animais , Feminino , Gastrostomia/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Modelos Animais , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Sus scrofa/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
To avoid boar taint before slaughtering, late castration by immunisation against gonadotrophin releasing hormone or immunocastration has been developed. The current study aimed at determining whether differences in feed efficiency between castrated male (CM), immune castrated (IM) and entire male pigs (EM) can be explained by differences in nutrient plasma profiles after a meal. In this study, 24 male pigs (n = 8/type) were enrolled between 14 to 19 weeks of age. Entire and IM pigs ate less and were more feed efficient than CM pigs (p < 0.05). The postprandial plasma profiles of glucose, insulin, urea and amino acids (AA) were determined before (d -6), just after (d 8) and well after (d 16) the decrease in testicular hormones in IM pigs. For each test day, pigs were fasted overnight and subsequently fed a small meal (400 g). On d -6, postprandial profiles of plasma glucose of IM pigs did not differ from the two other types of pigs. On d 8, EM pigs had a greater average plasma glucose concentration than IM and CM pigs (p < 0.05) but the profiles did not differ. On d 16, the differences between profiles of glucose suggest a lower clearance of glucose in EM compared with IM and CM pigs. Plasma insulin did not significantly differ between the three types. Plasma urea profiles did not differ between CM, EM and IC pigs on d -6 whereas CM pigs showed higher plasma urea concentrations than EM and IM thereafter (p < 0.01). Among AA, Lys plasma concentrations were greater in CM than in EM and IM pigs on d -6, d 8 and d 16 (p < 0.05), whereas on d 16 plasma Hypro concentrations were lower in CM than in EM and IM pigs (p < 0.05). The finding that plasma glucose profiles were modified by immunocastration much faster and earlier than urea and AA profiles, suggest that the decrease in testicular hormones impacted energy metabolism more rapidly than protein metabolism.
Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Insulina/sangue , Nitrogênio/sangue , Nutrientes/sangue , Período Pós-Prandial/fisiologia , Sus scrofa/fisiologia , Animais , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/administração & dosagem , Imunização/veterinária , Masculino , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Sus scrofa/cirurgiaRESUMO
Due to its similarity of skin anatomy and physiology, the pig appears to be a well-suited animal model for preclinical studies of skin analog transplantations. The choice of the location of the skin defect and appropriate postoperative measures are essential for the protection of the transplanted graft. This protocol describes in detail a porcine skin transplantation model including peri- and postoperative measures taken to improve and refine the study outcome.
Assuntos
Modelos Animais , Medicina Regenerativa/métodos , Transplante de Pele/métodos , Pele Artificial , Transplante Autólogo/métodos , Animais , Derme , Epiderme , Sus scrofa/cirurgia , Engenharia TecidualRESUMO
O aumento da expectativa de vida dos animais de companhia favorece a ocorrência de casos de câncer, como o de bexiga. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar a exequibilidade da técnica de ureterostomia cutânea em suínos após a realização da cistectomia total, quando comparada à técnica de ureterostomia colônica, assim como detectar e caracterizar possíveis complicações transoperatórias. Foram utilizados 20 animais, distribuídos em dois grupos. Todos foram submetidos à cistectomia radical e, em seguida, à ureterostomia cutânea ou colônica. A exequibilidade das técnicas foi avaliada. Observou-se o tamanho da incisão, o tempo de diérese, de realização da derivação urinária e o tempo de síntese, estimou-se a perda sanguínea e o grau de dificuldade na realização dos procedimentos de preparo dos ureteres, o preparo do sítio de ureteroanastomose e a realização da ureteroanastomose em si. Os resultados indicam que a ureterostomia cutânea apresentou maior eficiência quando comparada à colônica nos quesitos perda de sangue, tamanho da incisão realizada e facilidade de realização da anastomose. Já a ureterocolostomia apresentou melhor resultado referente à execução do preparo ureteral. Assim, concluiu-se que ambas as técnicas podem ser indicadas como derivações urinárias viáveis e que a escolha dependerá de fatores intrínsecos ao cirurgião e ao paciente.(AU)
Increased life expectancy of pets favors the occurrence of cancer, such as the urinary bladder ones. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of cutaneous ureterostomy technique in pigs after the total cystectomy compared to the technique of colonic ureterostomy, as well as detect and characterize possible intraoperative complications. For that, 20 pigs were used, divided into two groups. All patients underwent radical cystectomy and then the cutaneous or colonic ureterostomies. The technical feasibility was assessed during the procedures. The procedures compared were: the incision size, dieresis time, realization of urinary diversion and the synthesis time. Also, the estimated blood loss and the degree of difficulty in performing the preparation procedures of the ureters, ureteroanastomose site preparation and ureteroanastomose itself were compared. The results indicate that performing cutaneous ureterostomy was better than the colonic ureterostomy in relation to blood loss, incision size, and anastomosis performance. In contrast, ureterocolonostomy showed better results on the implementation of ureteral preparation. Thus, it was concluded that both techniques can be indicated as viable urinary diversions and the choice will depend on factors intrinsic to the surgeon and the patient.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ureterostomia/métodos , Ureterostomia/veterinária , Sus scrofa/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/veterinária , Cistectomia/veterinária , Modelos AnimaisRESUMO
This study analyzes quality traits of longissimus lumborum and gluteus medius in surgically castrated (SC) males, inmunocastrated (IC) males and IC female Iberian pigs reared in intensive conditions (nâ¯=â¯18/sex). Vaccination with Improvac® was applied at 18 and 26â¯weeks of age and slaughtering at 31â¯weeks. At such conditions, notable sex differences were found. Both muscles of IC males were less red (Pâ¯<â¯.01), longissimus had lower intramuscular fat (Pâ¯<â¯.01) and gluteus less Fe content (Pâ¯<â¯.01) than SC males and IC females. Loins from IC males also exhibited higher drip losses (2.7% at 24â¯h) than SC males (1.9%) and IC females (1.6%) (Pâ¯<â¯.001). Fatty acid composition of muscles differed among sexes, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, which varied as follows: IC malesâ¯>â¯IC femalesâ¯>â¯SC males in both muscles. It was concluded that meat quality traits differed between inmunocastrated and surgically castrated male Iberian pigs.
Assuntos
Orquiectomia/veterinária , Ovariectomia/veterinária , Carne Vermelha/análise , Animais , Composição Corporal , Cor , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Feminino , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/imunologia , Imunização/veterinária , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/química , Orquiectomia/métodos , Ovariectomia/métodos , Fatores Sexuais , Sus scrofa/cirurgia , Vacinas/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The purpose of this research is to explore the link between plasma amylase and insulin levels in growing pigs. Blood was obtained from piglets ranging in age from preterm (8 days to full gestation period), up to postnatal day 90 (2 months post-weaning) that underwent either duodenal-jejunal bariatric interposition surgery or a sham-operation. Plasma amylase activities in preterm and full-term neonates ranged between 500-600 U/L and were decreased by 50% two months post-weaning. Preprandial insulin and C-peptide levels in neonate piglets were not detectable, however they rose gradually after weaning. An increase in plasma amylase activity was observed in the young pigs that underwent duodenal-jejunum bypass (metabolic) surgery. The increase in blood pancreatic amylase activity after an intravenous amylase infusion lowered the subsequent glucose-stimulated insulin/C-peptide release. We suggest a role for blood amylase in the regulation of glucose homeostasis after observing high blood amylase levels in neonate pigs, in pigs that underwent metabolic surgery, and as a result of the reduced glucose-stimulated insulin response following intravenous amylase administration. Blood amylase level is a dynamic physiological parameter, which is not merely a consequence of exocrine pancreatic digestive enzyme production, but rather a regulated factor involved in glucose assimilation and prandial insulin regulation.
Assuntos
Amilases/sangue , Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Insulina/sangue , Modelos Animais , Sus scrofa/fisiologia , Amilases/administração & dosagem , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Infusões Intravenosas , Sus scrofa/sangue , Sus scrofa/cirurgiaRESUMO
In pigs, the deep location of the common carotid artery and overlying sternomastoideus muscle in the neck has led to the recommendation for a surgical cutdown for common carotid access, as opposed to minimally invasive techniques for vascular access. We sought to determine if direct percutaneous common carotid artery access in piglets is attainable. Seventeen piglets were anesthetized and intubated. Under two-dimensional and color flow Doppler ultrasound guidance, a 21 gauge needle was utilized to access the right common carotid artery. Following arterial puncture, the Seldinger technique was applied to place a 4 or 5 French introducer. Upon completion of cardiac catheterization with intracoronary stem cell infusion the introducer was removed and manual pressure was applied to prevent hematoma development. Successful access with an introducer was achieved in all 17 piglets. The average weight was 8.5 ± 1.7 kg. One piglet developed a hematoma with hemorrhaging from the catheterization site and was euthanized. This piglet was given bivalirudin for the procedure. After this incident, subsequent piglets were not given anticoagulation and no other complications occurred. Ultrasound guided percutaneous common carotid artery access in piglets is attainable in a safe, reliable, and reproducible manner when performed by microvascular experts.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Artéria Carótida Primitiva/cirurgia , Transplante de Células-Tronco/métodos , Sus scrofa/cirurgia , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodos , Animais , Transplante de Células-Tronco/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of oral meloxicam, topical anaesthetic cream and cautery iron in mitigating acute nociceptive responses of pigs to tail docking. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study. ANIMALS: A total of 40 healthy Large WhitexLandrace pigs aged 21±1 days, weighing 6.1±0.9 kg. METHODS: Pigs were randomly assigned to one of four treatments (n=10 per treatment): CONTROL: docked using clippers without analgesia; MEL: docked using clippers after administration of oral meloxicam; EMLA: docked using clippers after application of topical anaesthetic cream; and CAUT: docked using a cautery iron without analgesia. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with halothane in oxygen. Following induction, end-tidal halothane was stabilized at 0.95-1.05% and electroencephalograph (EEG) recording commenced. After 5 minutes of baseline data collection, tail docking was performed and recording continued for a further 10 minutes. The EEG summary variables median frequency (F50), 95% spectral edge frequency (F95) and total power (PTOT) were calculated for the baseline period and for consecutive 30-second intervals following docking. RESULTS: Following docking, F50 increased and PTOT decreased significantly in CONTROL and MEL pigs. EMLA pigs exhibited no change in any variable, whilst CAUT pigs exhibited a reduction in PTOT but no change in F50. F50 was higher in control pigs than in EMLA pigs 30-60 seconds after docking (p≤0.01). PTOT was lower in CONTROL than in EMLA pigs 30-90 seconds after docking (p<0.03) and in CAUT pigs 60 seconds after docking (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Prior application of EMLA cream abolished EEG indicators of nociception in pigs docked using clippers. Docking using a cautery iron without analgesia ameliorated EEG indicators of nociception, relative to using clippers without analgesia. Prior administration of EMLA cream or the use of cautery instead of clippers may reduce the acute pain experienced by pigs undergoing tail docking.