Estimation of the burden of tinea capitis among children in Africa.

Tinea capitis is a common and endemic dermatophytosis among school age children in Africa. However, the true burden of the disease is unknown in Africa. We aimed to estimate the burden of tinea capitis among children <18 years of age in Africa. A systematic review was performed using Embase, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews to identify articles on tinea capitis among children in Africa published between January 1990 and October 2020. The United Nation's Population data (2019) were used to identify the number of children at risk of tinea capitis in each African country. Using the pooled prevalence, the country-specific and total burden of tinea capitis was calculated. Forty studies involving a total of 229,086 children from 17/54 African countries were identified and included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of tinea capitis was 23% (95% CI, 17%-29%) mostly caused by Trichophyton species. With a population of 600 million (46%) children, the total number of cases of tinea capitis in Africa was estimated at 138.1 (95% CI, 102.0-174.1) million cases. Over 96% (132.6 million) cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa alone. Nigeria and Ethiopia with the highest population of children contributed 16.4% (n = 98.7 million) and 8.5% (n = 52.2 million) of cases, respectively. Majority of the participants were primary school children with a mean age of 10 years. Cases are mostly diagnosed clinically. There was a large discrepancy between the clinical and mycological diagnosis. About one in every five children in Africa has tinea capitis making it one of the most common childhood conditions in the region. A precise quantification of the burden of this neglected tropical disease is required to inform clinical and public health intervention strategies.

Clinical specificities of Tinea capitis in Georgia population.

The aim of the study was to reveal peculiarities of the clinical symptoms and forms of Tinea capitis caused by etiological agents that are common in our country. The study was conducted on 176 ambulatory patients who approached the National Centre in 2009-2013. Inclusion criterion was simultaneous presence of clinical symptoms and positive result of microscopic study. For cultural examination was used Sabouraud's dextrose agar with the antibiotic chloramphenicol. Clinical manifestations were divided into inflammatory and non-inflammatory (i.e. slightly manifested inflammatory signs) lesions. 85(48,3%) inflammatory and 91(51,7%) non-inflammatory cases of Tinea capitis were revealed. Clinical forms were distributed in following way: kerion 73 (41,5%), grey patch with single lesions 71 (40,3%), seborrheic dermatitis-like form 14 (8%), agminate folliculites 12 (6,8%) and black-dot dermatophytosis 6 (3,4%). In 41(89,1%) of the cases etiological agent of the kerion was Trichophyton mentagrophytes; in 41(85,4%) of the cases etiological agent for the grey patch with single lesions was Microsporum canis. Important clinical and etiological relationship was revealed between kerion and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, as well as between grey patch with single lesions and Microsporum canis. In case of inflammatory forms (predominantly kerion) caused by Trichophyton verrucosum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes ID reaction was manifested by disseminated follicular papules.

[Epidemiology and ecology of dermatophytoses in the City of Fortaleza: Trichophyton tonsurans as important emerging pathogen of Tinea capitis]. / Epidemiologia e ecologia das dermatofitoses na cidade de Fortaleza: o Trichophyton tonsurans como importante patogeno emergente da Tinea capitis.

Dermatophytosis is the most common skin infectious disturbance in the world. In this research 2,297 patients were evaluated with suspected clinical lesions of dermatophytosis. It was observed that, 534 (23.2%) patients tested positive for dermatophytes. T. rubrum was the most prevalent specie (49.6%; p < or = 0.05), followed by T. tonsurans (34.4%), M. canis (7%) and T. mentagrophytes (6.2%). When the species isolated was correlated with the respective anatomical localization, it was observed that T. tonsurans was the most frequent isolated in scalp lesions (73.9%; p < or = 0.01). On the other hand, T. rubrum was the main specie involved in body lesions (72.8%; p < or = 0.05). Therefore, in scalp infections it was observed that, there was an absolute prevalence of T. tonsurans. This evidence is different from the statistical data collected in the southeast and south of Brazil, as well as from other areas of the world, which still show M. canis as the most frequent microorganism isolated in Tinea capitis.

Kérion Celsi: relato de caso e revisäo da literatura / Kerion Celsi: clinical experience of one case and literature review

É relatado um caso de Kérion Celsi, em criança de 3 anos, feminina, apresentando extensa área de alopécia no vértex e intenso processo inflamatório.

[Tinea capitis in Creteil. Trends over ten years]. / Teignes du cuir chevelu à Créteil. Evolution sur 10 ans.

INTRODUCTION: We analyzed tinea capitis data in a Paris suburban area over a 11-year period from (1985-1995) to evaluate epidemiology trends. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The following data were collected for patients seen at the Créteil myco-dermatology clinic with cultures positive for tinea capitis: sex, age, ethnic origin, fungal culture. RESULTS: Tinea capitis was observed in 336 cases (56 p. 100 females). Eight percent of the patients were under the age of 10 years and 11 p. 100 over 20 years. Trichophyton soudanense was isolated in 45 p. 100 of the patients. Anthropophilic agents rose over the 10 year period while the number of zoophilic agents remained stable. Specific dermatophytes appeared to predominate in populations of different ethnic origin. There was a two-fold increase in the number of tinea capitis cases in the 1990-1995 period compared with the five previous years. DISCUSSION: The percentage of adults with tinea capitis (11 p. 100) is higher than the 5 p. 100 reported in the literature. The rise in the number of anthropophilic tinea capitis cases resulted from an increase in T. soudanense (originating in Africa), probably related to the increasing immigrant population. This agent was identified in 95 p. 100 of the patients of African origin. Differing lifestyles and transmission between school children makes it quite difficult to interpret the correlation between ethnic origin and specific dermatophytes.

Tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton rubrum.

Tinea capitis is seldom caused by Trichophyton rubrum. A case is reported in a young British child and the literature reviewed.