Chronic jejuno-colonic fistula and intestinal malabsorption due to multiple magnet ingestions: A case report and systematic review.

Magnet ingestion in children can lead to serious complications, both acutely and chronically. This case report discusses the treatment approach for a case involving multiple magnet ingestions, which resulted in a jejuno-colonic fistula, segmental intestinal volvulus, hepa-tosteatosis, and renal calculus detected at a late stage. Additionally, we conducted a literature review to explore the characteristics of intestinal fistulas caused by magnet ingestion. A six-year-old girl was admitted to the Pediatric Gastroenterology Department pre-senting with intermittent abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea persisting for two years. Initial differential diagnoses included celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and tuberculosis, yet the etiology remained elusive. The Pediatric Surgery team was consulted after a jejuno-colonic fistula was suspected based on magnetic resonance imaging findings. The physical examination revealed no signs of acute abdomen but showed mild abdominal distension. Subsequent upper gastrointestinal series and contrast enema graphy confirmed a jejuno-colonic fistula and segmental volvulus. The family later reported that the child had swallowed a magnet two years prior, and medical follow-up had stopped after the spontaneous expulsion of the magnets within one to two weeks. Surgical intervention was necessary to correct the volvulus and repair the large jejuno-colonic fistula. To identify relevant studies, we conducted a detailed literature search on magnet ingestion and gastrointestinal fistulas according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. We identified 44 articles encompassing 55 cases where symptoms did not manifest in the acute phase and acute abdomen was not observed. In 29 cases, the time of magnet ingestion was unknown. Among the 26 cases with a known ingestion time, the average duration until fistula detection was 22.8 days (range: 1-90 days). Fistula repairs were performed via laparotomy in 47 cases.

Jejunal Diverticulosis Causing Small Intestinal Volvulus and Closed Loop Obstruction.

BACKGROUND Jejunal diverticulosis are false diverticula of the small bowel that form from outpouching of the mucosa and submucosa. They are pulsion diverticula that are often asymptomatic and can be found incidentally during surgery. In some instances, jejunal diverticula could result in intestinal obstruction. Small intestinal volvulus is an uncommon cause of small bowel obstruction that results in a closed loop obstruction and is an indication for emergent surgical intervention. CASE REPORT We report a case of an 84-year-old man who presented to the Emergency Department with abdominal pain and generalized weakness. A preoperative computerized tomographic scan demonstrated a closed loop small bowel obstruction with mesenteric swirling. The patient was taken for a diagnostic laparoscopy, which revealed extensive proximal jejunal diverticulosis and a volvulus of the involved jejunum. An exploratory laparotomy was warranted for safe detorsion of the small bowel and resection of the diseased segment. The small bowel was successfully detorsed, with resection of the involved jejunum. Intestinal continuity was established by a primary side-to-side anastomosis. CONCLUSIONS Jejunal diverticula have been reported in the literature as a cause of small bowel obstructions, and very few reports exist of concurrent small bowel volvulus. In very rare instances, both of these conditions can coexist. There should be prompt surgical intervention in all cases of closed loop small bowel obstructions to prevent intestinal ischemia, perforation, and sepsis.

Roux-en-Y partial volvulus in biliary-digestive reconstruction in children.

Various complications occur after a biliary-digestive reconstruction. Volvulus of a segment of the biliodigestive loop has not been described. Two patients who underwent biliodigestive bypass, years later, began with sudden and intense abdominal pain, associated with a volvulus with necrosis of a segment of this biliodigestive loop. This complication occurred many years after the initial correction, and manifested with sudden abdominal pain without impaired liver function, as occurred in these patients.

Diversas complicaciones pueden ocurrir después de una reconstrucción biliodigestiva. El vólvulo de un segmento del asa biliodigestiva no ha sido descrito. Dos pacientes operados de derivación biliodigestiva, años después iniciaron con dolor abdominal súbito e intenso, asociado a un vólvulo con necrosis de un segmento de la asa interpuesta. Se ha descrito el vólvulo de toda el asa interpuesta, pero no el de solo una pequeña porción de esta. La complicación ocurrió muchos años después de la corrección inicial y se manifiesto con dolor abdominal súbito sin deterioro de la función hepática, como sucedió en estos pacientes.

Caecal volvulus following a complicated caesarean section.

A caecal volvulus is a rare, but severe complication to a caesarean section, with serious risks of perforation, necrosis and peritonitis. We describe a case of a Middle Eastern woman admitted for an elective caesarean section due to a history of three cesareans in her home country. The operation was complicated by massive adhesions and a postpartum bleed of 1750 mL. She developed severe abdominal pain refractory to strong pain medication postoperatively. She was diagnosed with a caecal volvulus without perforation on CT, which was confirmed by laparotomy. The patient was treated with a hemicolectomy and made a full recovery.

Volvulus 8 years after bariatric surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery is a widespread branch of surgery because of the increase in obesity in population. It is one way to achieve long-term weight loss effect in obese patients. Like other surgeries, bariatric surgery has many complications including ileus and volvulus in small intestine. It is an acute state in surgery and usually leads to a revision surgery. CASE REPORT: 58 years old woman who underwent mini-gastric bypass in 2014. She was admitted to our department because of manifestation of ileus on the second day after TEP of the hip joint. There was a typical sign of volvulus on the CT scan. She was operated on the same day. The reinsertion of enteroenteroanastomosis and denotation of the small intestine, desufflation of the large intestine, and reconstruction of new enteroenteroanastomosis was needed. After the surgery, the patient was without any complications. The bowel function recovery was slower postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of volvulus is not easy because of non-specific clinical symptoms. In this case report, the volvulus occurred 8 years after the primary surgery. Symptoms developed because of paralytic ileus after hip replacement.

Duodenal Volvulus due to Duodenum Inversum.

Duodenum inversum, or inverted duodenum, is a rare congenital disorder resulting in an abnormal position of the third and/or fourth portions of the duodenum. Most patients are asymptomatic, but others can experience pain, nausea, vomiting, peptic ulcer disease, pancreatitis, and even intestinal obstruction. In this case, we report a patient who presented with acute abdominal pain and vomiting. He was diagnosed with duodenal volvulus and obstruction due to duodenum inversum. After failing nonoperative management, the patient was successfully treated with surgical resection.

[Primary Volvulus of the Small Intestine Mimicking Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia Following Open-heart Surgery].

A 73-year-old female who underwent aortic valve replacement with a biological valve, coronary artery bypass, and left atrial appendage closure had sudden onset of nausea and abdominal pain 43 days after surgery. She had a history of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia on 4th postoperative day, for which conservative management was successfully carried out. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT) was performed because a recurrence of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia was suspected. It revealed a whirl sign in the small intestine, suggestive of small intestine volvulus. At the subsequent emergency laparotomy, volvulus caused severe congestion in the small intestine, aproximately 40 cm from the cecum. However, there was no evidence of transmural necrosis, and reduction of torsion notably improved blood supply to the small intestine. Her regular diet was resumed on 4th postoperative day, and her postoperative course was uneventful. Volvulus should be considered as a differential diagnosis in the setting of acute abdominal pain after open-heart surgery.

Pouch volvulus-why adhesions are not always the enemy.

AIM: Minimally invasive approaches to proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis have become the standard of care with one benefit being the reduced risk of adhesion-related complications. However, a lack of pouch adherence to the pelvis can lead to increased mobility as well as volvulization, placing pouch viability at risk. We aimed to describe our institutional experience with pouch volvulus. METHODS: Patients who presented with pouch volvulus from 1983 to 2020 were identified through a search of our pelvic pouch registry and enterprise-wide electronic medical record. Pouch volvulus was defined as a reducible rotation of the J-pouch on its mesenteric axis with evidence of a properly oriented ileo-anal anastomosis. Patients with 'twisted pouches' were excluded. RESULTS: In total, 5760 patients underwent ileal pouch anal anastomosis from 1983 to 2020. Six patients (five women) were identified with a diagnosis of 'pouch volvulus' consistent with our definition. The six pouches were constructed utilizing laparoscopic techniques and the mean time from construction to volvulus was 2.36 years. All patients underwent urgent surgery, with a paucity of adhesions noted in five. Reduction and pouch pexy was performed in three and pouch excision in three, with immediate pouch reconstruction in two and end ileostomy creation in one. At a median follow-up of 9 months, pouch survival was 50%. CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic pouches constructed using minimally invasive techniques may be at risk of volvulus due to reduced adhesion development. A high index of suspicion is warranted in pouch patients with obstructive symptomatology. CT imaging may be diagnostic, and prompt surgical intervention may facilitate pouch salvage.

Factors precipitating volvulus formation in sigmoid volvulus.

BACKGROUND: Sigmoid volvulus (SV), the wrapping of the sigmoid colon around itself, is a rare intestinal obstruction form world-wide. For this reason, the physiopathology of SV, particularly the precipitating factors, are not clearly identified. The aim of this study is to evaluate the precipitating factors in SV. METHODS: The clinical records of consecutive 416 patients with SV were reviewed prospectively from January 1986 to July 2020. As a control, the records of consecutive 100 patients with non-volvulus intestinal obstruction were reviewed prospectively in the past 24 months. The premorbid symptoms including acute diarrhea, sudden and excessive body motions, overeating after a prolonged starvation, coughing spell, and labor was evaluated. RESULTS: Among the premorbid symptoms, 1-5-day interval of diarrhea (42 patients, 10.1%, p<0.05), harvesting activation (35 patients, 8.4%, p<0.05), and overeating after Ramadan fasting (31 patients, 7.5%, p<0.05) were found to be statistically significant precipitating factors in SV. CONCLUSION: Although there are few studies about the precipitating factors of SV in the literature, increased bowel motility, excessive body motions, and overeating following a prolonged starvation look like the precipitating factors in the development of SV.

Embarazo con miomatosis uterina complicado con isquemia intestinal: reporte de un caso / Pregnancy with uterine myomatosis complicated by intestinal ischemia: case report

Resumen Los miomas uterinos, también conocidos como fibromas o leiomiomas, son los tumores uterinos benignos más prevalentes. Afectan a las mujeres principalmente durante sus años reproductivos y se diagnostican hasta en un 70% de las mujeres blancas y en más del 80% de las mujeres de ascendencia africana durante su vida, con una prevalencia durante el embarazo del 2% al 10%. Pueden ser asintomáticos hasta en un 70% de las pacientes, y se estima que pueden ocurrir complicaciones en aproximadamente una de cada 10 mujeres embarazadas. Se han asociado a complicaciones y resultados adversos del embarazo, según su tamaño y ubicación en el útero, y pueden manifestarse de diferentes formas. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 30 años, con embarazo en el tercer trimestre, quien consultó por dolor abdominal, con ecografías obstétricas durante su control prenatal que reportaban miomatosis uterina, quien presentó isquemia intestinal por un vólvulo de intestino delgado versus compresión extrínseca.

Abstract Uterine fibroids, also known as fibroids or leiomyomas, are the most prevalent benign uterine tumors, affecting women mainly during their reproductive years and are diagnosed in up to 70% of white women and more than 80% of women of African descent during their lifetime, with a prevalence during pregnancy of 2% to 10%; they may be asymptomatic in up to 70% of patients, and it is estimated that complications may occur in approximately one in 10 pregnant women. They have been associated with complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes, depending on their size and location in the uterus, they can manifest in different ways. We present the case of a 30-year-old woman, pregnant in the third trimester, who consulted for abdominal pain, with obstetric ultrasound scans during her prenatal check-up reporting uterine myomatosis, who presented intestinal ischemia due to small bowel volvulus versus extrinsic compression.

Laparoscopic fixation of volvulus by extra-peritonealization: a case series.

BACKGROUND: Volvulus is one of the leading causes of colonic obstruction with a high recurrence rate following endoscopic decompression. Although colonic resection remains the treatment of choice, it is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in elderly patients. Colonic fixation with extra-peritonealization has been suggested as an alternative to colonic resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes of patients with colonic volvulus in our initial experience with this procedure. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of all patients who underwent colonic extra-peritonealization for volvulus between January 2016 and April 2021 in Sheba medical center (Ramat-Gan, Israel) was performed. Patients' demographics, clinical, peri-operative and post-operative data were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty nine patients were admitted due to acute colonic volvulus, 48 of whom were treated surgically. Eleven patients underwent extra-peritonealization of the sigmiod or cecum during the study period. Mean age was 64.5 years. Six patients (54.55%) were males. Seven patients (63.63%) presented with sigmoid volvulus and 4 (36.36%) with cecal volvulus. Median American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class was 3 (range 2-4). One patient (9.09%) was required urgent surgery. The majority of patients was operated on using a laparoscopic approach (10 patients, 90.9%). Median length of stay was 3 days (range 1-6 days) and no post-operative complications or readmissions within 30 days after surgery were recorded. Median length of follow-up was 283 days (range 21-777 days). During the follow-up period, three patients (27.27%) presented with recurrent volvulus and required an additional surgical intervention with colonic resection. Of the patients with volvulus recurrence, one patient (9.09%) required an urgent surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Extra-peritonealization of colonic volvulus is feasible and safe. Although recurrence rates are fairly high, the low morbidity associated with the procedure makes it an appealing alternative to colonic resection, especially in patients with high risk for post-operative complications.

Prenatal imaging features and perinatal outcomes of foetal volvulus-A literature review.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a review of the literature on foetal volvulus with emphasis on prenatal imaging, pregnancy characteristics and clinical outcomes. METHODS: A review of all published cases of foetal volvulus diagnosed prenatally and indexed in Medline, EBSCOhost, CINAHL, SOCIndex and Healthy Policy Reference Centre. Studies without antenatal sonographic signs of foetal volvulus and without a postpartum surgical diagnosis were excluded. Data were analysed for frequencies and distributions and tested for statistical significance. RESULTS: Eighty-eight cases of foetal volvulus were identified from 58 published case reports/series. The most common ultrasound findings were dilated bowel/stomach (77.3%), polyhydramnios (30.7%) and whirlpool/snail sign (28.4%). Median gestation at diagnosis was 31.9 weeks (IQR 27-34) and mean gestation at delivery was 34.5 weeks (SD 2.8). Underlying aetiology included intestinal malrotation (15.9%), cystic fibrosis (14.8% of all cases, 32.5% of tested cases) and abnormal mesenteric fixation (12.5%). Complications included intestinal atresia (36.4%) and foetal anaemia (9.1%). The overall perinatal mortality rate was 14.5%. CONCLUSION: Foetal volvulus is a rare condition with high rates of preterm birth and perinatal mortality. Intestinal malrotation and cystic fibrosis are common predisposing causes, although the majority are idiopathic. Bowel and/or gastric dilatation is by far the most common sonographic finding.