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1.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 57(2): 46, 2025 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39891832

RESUMO

Economic efficiency is affected by several traits, and as the unit of selection is the individual, in artificial selection, to promote the maximization of economic genetic gain, the traits to be improved must be weighted by their respective economic values. In Brazil, breeding goals are defined empirically, and not based on an economic evaluation, therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate economic values for traits of economic importance in dairy farming systems based on the use of purebred and crossbred Guzerat animals. The economic values for 305-days milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), and somatic cell count (SCC) were calculated for different production systems based on the feed management: System 1, based on pasture grazing with Brachiaria brizantha or Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça during rainy season, and corn-silage supplementation during the dry season; System 2, based on pasture grazing with Brachiaria brizantha or Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça during rainy season, and the mixture of sugarcane including urea supplementation during the dry season. Bioeconomic models were applied to estimate economic values, and a sensitivity analysis was performed. Four selection indexes were defined, each one with different goals: milk (I1), milk + protein yield (I2), I2 + fat yield (I3) and I3 + somatic cell count (I4). The economic values for MY and PY were positive for both production systems. However, for FY, the values were positive for System 2 but negative for System 1. The economic value for SCC was negative (-7.33 per SCS per lactation). The selection responses for I1 were higher than those for I2, I3 and I4, for both production systems. I4 presented the highest expected genetic gain for each trait, except for fat yield, whose expected genetic gain was greater with the use of I2, in both production systems. The results indicates that the inclusion of milk quality traits in the selection index provides better economic return, and due to the small differences in expected genetic superiority, I1 is still the most suitable for crossbred Guzerat herds whose main activity is milk production in Brazil.


Assuntos
Cruzamento , Indústria de Laticínios , Leite , Animais , Brasil , Indústria de Laticínios/economia , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Leite/economia , Leite/química , Bovinos/genética , Bovinos/fisiologia , Cruzamento/economia , Feminino , Lactação , Seleção Genética , Ração Animal/análise , Ração Animal/economia , Brachiaria/genética , Contagem de Células/veterinária
2.
BMJ Open ; 15(2): e094660, 2025 Feb 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39920048

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to map the literature on screening, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in the Brazilian population aged 0-18 years, to describe regional variations in its presentation and management. DESIGN: Scoping review. DATA SOURCES: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, "Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde" and "Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações". The journals, Revista Brasileira Ortopedia and Acta Ortopédica Brasileira, were manually searched for non-indexed issues. Databases were searched from their inception to February 2024. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: This scoping review included studies on Brazilian patients aged 0-18 years diagnosed with or being assessed for DDH. No language or date restrictions were applied. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Studies were assessed based on title, authors, publication year, study design, sample size, level of evidence, region of Brazil and healthcare setting (public or private). The articles were then analysed across four categories: screening, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes. RESULTS: 52 studies, published between 1951 and 2023, were included. Reported prevalence rates ranged from 0.75 to 56.4 cases per 1000 children. No study examined the effectiveness of specific screening programmes or compared their outcomes. The most common diagnostic methods were the Ortolani manoeuvre and ultrasonography using the Graf method. Of the 27 articles on treatment, 17 focused exclusively on surgical interventions, with the Salter osteotomy being the most frequent procedure. CONCLUSIONS: There should be a greater focus on understanding the prevalence of DDH in Brazil, the availability of ultrasound devices and trained operators, and the follow-up of conservative treatments. More information on DDH in Brazil is essential for designing and implementing effective screening and treatment programmes. Future research should be done to understand the prevalence of the disease, optimal forms of screening and early treatment.


Assuntos
Displasia do Desenvolvimento do Quadril , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Criança , Displasia do Desenvolvimento do Quadril/terapia , Displasia do Desenvolvimento do Quadril/diagnóstico , Displasia do Desenvolvimento do Quadril/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Prevalência , Luxação Congênita de Quadril/terapia , Luxação Congênita de Quadril/diagnóstico , Luxação Congênita de Quadril/epidemiologia , Resultado do Tratamento
3.
Codas ; 37(1): e20230320, 2025.
Artigo em Português, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39907359

RESUMO

PURPOSE: to describe sociodemographic characteristics of individuals with multiple sclerosis and correlate and compare vocal fatigue, voice handicap, and voice-related quality of life of individuals with and without the disease. METHODS: Cross-sectional, quantitative study with 52 volunteers with multiple sclerosis and 52 control volunteers, matched by sex, age, and education level. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected through a questionnaire and medical record analysis. Participants responded to the reduced Voice Handicap Index (VHI-10), Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI), and Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL). Correlational and comparative analyses were performed, with a 5% significance level (p < 0.05). RESULTS: There was a greater predominance of females diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, with a mean age of 40 years, who graduated from high school, and with a relapsing-remitting disease course. Voice handicap was positively correlated with vocal fatigue, and voice handicap and vocal fatigue were negatively correlated with voice-related quality of life in both groups. Participants with multiple sclerosis exceeded the VHI-10 and VFI cutoff scores and were below the V-RQOL cutoff score. CONCLUSION: There was a prevalence of the disease in young, educated females with relapsing-remitting disease. The greater the voice handicap and/or vocal fatigue, the lower the voice-related quality of life in both groups. However, people with multiple sclerosis self-reported greater voice handicap and vocal fatigue and poorer voice-related quality of life.


OBJETIVO: descrever características sociodemográficas de indivíduos com esclerose múltipla, correlacionar e comparar a fadiga, desvantagem vocal e a qualidade de vida em voz de indivíduos com e sem a doença. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, quantitativo e com 52 voluntários com esclerose múltipla e 52 voluntários-controle, pareados por sexo, idade e escolaridade. Dados sociodemográficos e clínicos foram coletados com questionário e análise de prontuários. Os participantes responderam ao Índice de Desvantagem Vocal reduzido (IDV-10), Índice de Fadiga Vocal (IFV) e Qualidade de Vida em Voz (QVV). Análises correlacionais e comparativas foram realizadas, com um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). RESULTADO: Maior predomínio de participantes diagnosticados com esclerose múltipla do sexo feminino, média de 40 anos, ensino médio completo e curso da doença do tipo remitente-recorrente. Houve correlação positiva entre a desvantagem e a fadiga vocal, e correlação negativa entre a desvantagem e fadiga vocal com a qualidade de vida em voz em ambos os grupos. Além disso, os participantes com esclerose múltipla ultrapassaram as notas de corte do IDV-10 e do IFV e ficaram abaixo da nota de corte do QVV. CONCLUSÃO: Houve prevalência da doença em indivíduos jovens do sexo feminino, escolarizados e do tipo remitente-recorrente. Quanto maior a desvantagem e/ou a fadiga vocal, menor é a qualidade de vida em voz em ambos os grupos. No entanto, pessoas com esclerose múltipla autorreferem maior desvantagem e fadiga vocal, além de menor qualidade de vida relacionada à voz.


Assuntos
Esclerose Múltipla , Qualidade de Vida , Distúrbios da Voz , Qualidade da Voz , Humanos , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Adulto , Masculino , Distúrbios da Voz/etiologia , Distúrbios da Voz/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla/complicações , Esclerose Múltipla/fisiopatologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Brasil
4.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 34(1): e017024, 2025.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39907367

RESUMO

Opossums are synanthropic animals that participate in the zoonotic transmission cycles. Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, affects many domestic and wild animals and humans worldwide. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of T. cruzi in free-ranging opossums in Canoinhas, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Fifty opossums (Didelphis albiventris) (33 captured and 17 road-killed) were evaluated using Nested-PCR assay. All tissue samples were negative (0/17). Eight of the 33 (24.24%; 95% CI:11.94-40,89%) blood samples were positive for T. cruzi. No significant associations were found between the sex (male/ female, p = 0.423), the trap area (rural/urban, p = 0.163), and positivity for T. cruzi in opossum blood samples. All samples showed 100% identity with T. cruzi (KF788250) isolated from Panstrongylus megistus in São Paulo, Brazil. The phylogenetic analysis model allocated all sequences obtained from D. albiventris to the large TcI clade of T. cruzi. This study provides the first record of T. cruzi in white-eared opossums in Canoinhas, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil.


Assuntos
Doença de Chagas , Didelphis , Trypanosoma cruzi , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificação , Trypanosoma cruzi/genética , Didelphis/parasitologia , Masculino , Feminino , Doença de Chagas/veterinária , Doença de Chagas/diagnóstico , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Doença de Chagas/parasitologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária
5.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 122(1): e20240249, 2025 Jan.
Artigo em Português, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39907376

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that women with coronary artery disease (CAD) are less likely to undergo angiography and have less favorable outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). OBJECTIVES: Assess the outcomes of women with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and stable CAD (lesion>50%) treated with contemporary PCI using DES. METHODS: Observational, longitudinal cohort study with prospective follow-up included all female patients ≥ 18 years admitted at a tertiary public cardiovascular center in Brazil from January 2019 to December 2020. The level of significance adopted in the statistical analysis was 5%. RESULTS: 1146 women (average age 65 years) underwent guideline-recommended PCI. Risk factors were frequent (hypertension: 88%, dyslipidemia: 85%, diabetes: 47.5%), and 69% were admitted due to ACS. Radial access was used in 59% of patients; 1516 vessels were treated with 1725 stents implanted (1.5 stents/patient). PCI was successful in 97.7%, in-hospital death occurred in 1.2%, peri-procedural MI in 3.6%, and TIA in 0.4%. Predictors of in-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE): previous stroke (OR: 2.97; CI: 1.06-7.15; p= 0.023), CKD (OR: 3.11; CI: 1.49-6.20; p= 0.002), and at least one procedural failure during PCI (OR: 10.2; CI: 1.17-5.9; p<0.001). The average follow-up was 576.2 days in 1047 patients. All-cause mortality occurred in 5.3%, cardiac death in 3.5%, recurrent ACS in 8%, and additional revascularization procedures in 5.5%. The predictors for MACCE during FU were hospital admission for ACS for the index PCI (OR: 1.58; HR: 1.06-2.35; p=0.023) and the presence of MACCE during hospitalization (OR: 6.66; HR: 2.42- 18.3; p< 0.001). CONCLUSION: In this pioneering study involving 1146 patients treated by contemporary PCI and followed for almost 2 years, we obtained very encouraging in-hospital and mid-term results.


FUNDAMENTO: Estudos prévios demonstram que mulheres com doença arterial coronariana (DAC) são menos submetidas a angiografia e apresentam resultados menos favoráveis após intervenção coronariana percutânea (ICP). OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os resultados de mulheres com síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) e DAC estável (lesão>50%) tratadas com ICP contemporânea usando stents liberadores de drogas. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte observacional, longitudinal, com acompanhamento prospectivo, que incluiu todas as pacientes do sexo feminino > 18 anos admitidas em centro cardiológico público terciário no Brasil, no período de janeiro de 2019 a dezembro de 2020. RESULTADOS: 1146 mulheres (idade média de 65 anos) foram submetidas à ICP recomendada pela diretriz. Os fatores de risco foram frequentes (hipertensão: 88%, dislipidemia: 85%, diabetes: 47,5%) e 69% foram internadas devido à SCA. O acesso radial foi usado em 59% das pacientes; 1516 vasos foram tratados com 1725 stents implantados (1,5 stents/paciente). A ICP foi bem-sucedida em 97,7%, a morte intra-hospitalar ocorreu em 1,2%, IM periprocedimento em 3,6% e ataque isquêmico transitório em 0,4%. Preditores de eventos adversos cardíacos e cerebrovasculares maiores (ECCAM) intra-hospitalares: acidente vascular cerebral prévio (OR: 2,97; IC: 1,06-7,15; p = 0,023), DRC (OR: 3,11; IC: 1,49-6,20; p = 0,002) e pelo menos uma falha de procedimento durante ICP (OR: 10,2; IC: 1,17-5,9; p < 0,001). O acompanhamento médio foi de 576,2 dias em 1.047 pacientes. Mortalidade por todas as causas ocorreu em 5,3%, morte cardíaca em 3,5%, nova SCA em 8% e necessidade de nova revascularização em 5,5%. Os preditores de ECCM durante o seguimento foram admissão por SCA (retirar índice ICP) e a presença de ECCM durante a hospitalização (OR: 6,66; HR: 2,42-18,3; p< 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo pioneiro envolvendo 1146 pacientes tratados por ICP contemporânea e acompanhados por quase 2 anos, obtivemos resultados hospitalares e de médio prazo muito encorajadores.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Estudos Longitudinais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/terapia , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/cirurgia , Estudos Prospectivos , Brasil , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Stents Farmacológicos
6.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 34(1): e018124, 2025.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39907369

RESUMO

Aplectana comprises species of gastrointestinal helminths commonly found parasitizing amphibians and reptiles worldwide. However, most species of the genus are described based only on morphological traits. During helminthological surveys, we found nematodes identified as Aplectana pella parasitizing the hylid frog Osteocephalus cabrerai from the same locality as the original description. We provided the first nucleotide sequence of ribosomal gene 18S rDNA for Aplectana pella and established the species' phylogenetic position between representatives of Cosmocercidae. A pairwise genetic comparison between A. pella and its congeners revealed a low genetic divergence. We found that our sequences clustered with species of Cosmocerca, reinforcing the hypothesis that representatives of the genus Aplectana do not form a monophyletic group.


Assuntos
Filogenia , Animais , Brasil , Anuros/parasitologia , Evolução Biológica , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética
7.
Einstein (Sao Paulo) ; 23: eAO0951, 2025.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39907382

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This is a pioneering study on the assessment of a Brazilian municipality entire, comparing alcohol-based hand sanitizer consumption before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Vilas-Boas et al reported a rise from 24.2mL/PD in 2018 to 46.6 in 2020, being for adult intensive care units the municipality exceeded most of the Brazilian states. However, observed a decline in some hospitals in 2021. OBJECTIVE: Compare alcohol-based hand sanitizer use in intensive care units in a municipality in São Paulo state, before and during the coronavirus pandemic. METHODS: Analytical retrospective study using indirect documentation, with data obtained from a notification spreadsheet for epidemiological indicators of healthcare-associated infection in the state. Data on monthly alcohol-based sanitizer use were collected from the intensive care units of public and private general hospitals of the municipality. Analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and graphically with run charts. The Mann-Whitney test was applied to compare the median consumption of public and private hospitals, at a 5% significance level. RESULTS: Adult, neonatal and pediatric intensive care units showed median increases in hand sanitizer use of 34.03 to 57.64, 31.53 to 48.66 and 34.38 to 60.35mL/patient-day, respectively. Private hospitals showed greater hand sanitizer use in the adult and pediatric intensive care units compared to public institutions. CONCLUSION: The pandemic contributed to increasing hand sanitizer use in municipal intensive care units, but there is still room for improvement. More effort is needed to ensure that hand sanitizer use remains high.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Higiene das Mãos , Higienizadores de Mão , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Pandemias , Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Higiene das Mãos/estatística & dados numéricos , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Fidelidade a Diretrizes/estatística & dados numéricos , SARS-CoV-2 , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Desinfecção das Mãos , Adulto
8.
Crit Care Sci ; 37: e20250242en, 2025.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39907364

RESUMO

Mechanical ventilation can be a life-saving intervention, but its implementation requires a multidisciplinary approach, with an understanding of its indications and contraindications due to the potential for complications. The management of mechanical ventilation should be part of the curricula during clinical training; however, trainees and practicing professionals frequently report low confidence in managing mechanical ventilation, often seeking additional sources of knowledge. Review articles, consensus statements and clinical practice guidelines have become important sources of guidance in mechanical ventilation, and although clinical practice guidelines offer rigorously developed recommendations, they take a long time to develop and can address only a limited number of clinical questions. The Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira and the Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia sponsored the development of a joint statement addressing all aspects of mechanical ventilation, which was divided into 38 topics. Seventy-five experts from all regions of Brazil worked in pairs to perform scoping reviews, searching for publications on their specific topic of mechanical ventilation in the last 20 years in the highest impact factor journals in the areas of intensive care, pulmonology, and anesthesiology. Each pair produced suggestions and considerations on their topics, which were presented to the entire group in a plenary session for modification when necessary and approval. The result was a comprehensive document encompassing all aspects of mechanical ventilation to provide guidance at the bedside. In this article, we report the methodology used to produce the document and highlight the most important suggestions and considerations of the document, which has been made available to the public in Portuguese.


Assuntos
Respiração Artificial , Sociedades Médicas , Humanos , Respiração Artificial/normas , Brasil , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Cuidados Críticos/normas , Cuidados Críticos/métodos
9.
Einstein (Sao Paulo) ; 23: eAO1007, 2025.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39907383

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Magdalon et al. demonstrated that excluding iRAT grades from the final grade calculation of the course negatively impacted student performance and attendance in team-based learning sessions. INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a shift from in-person to remote learning, including team-based learning activities. Many studies have explored several aspects of team-based learning; however, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the factors affecting students' attitudes and performance. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical students' performance in individual readiness assurance tests during team-based learning activities, given that their grades were excluded from the final course grades. METHODS: We compared the number of team-based learning applications, student absences, and individual readiness assurance tests grades of medical undergraduate students in three different scenarios: Group 1, in-person individual readiness assurance tests before the pandemic; Group 2, remote individual readiness assurance tests during the lockdown period when their grades were excluded from the final grade calculation; and Group 3, in-person individual readiness assurance tests during the pandemic after lockdown restrictions eased. RESULTS: Remote team-based learning led to significantly lower grades than in-person evaluations. Moreover, the number of students with failing or insufficient grades (below seven) increased during the remote learning period, when their grades were excluded from the final grade calculation, compared to in-person individual readiness assurance tests before the pandemic. Furthermore, absenteeism was higher when the online strategy was applied. CONCLUSION: We observed lower academic performance by medical students during remote team-based learning sessions, likely owing to the exclusion of individual readiness assurance tests grades from the final course grade calculations during the COVID-19 pandemic.


Assuntos
Desempenho Acadêmico , COVID-19 , Educação a Distância , Pandemias , Estudantes de Medicina , Humanos , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Educação a Distância/métodos , Avaliação Educacional/métodos , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Masculino , Feminino , SARS-CoV-2 , Brasil , Adulto Jovem
10.
PLoS One ; 20(2): e0316467, 2025.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39903736

RESUMO

The unprecedented worldwide pandemic caused by COVID-19 has motivated several research groups to develop machine-learning based approaches that aim to automate the diagnosis or screening of COVID-19, in large-scale. The gold standard for COVID-19 detection, quantitative-Real-Time-Polymerase-Chain-Reaction (qRT-PCR), is expensive and time-consuming. Alternatively, haematology-based detections were fast and near-accurate, although those were less explored. The external-validity of the haematology-based COVID-19-predictions on diverse populations are yet to be fully investigated. Here we report external-validity of machine learning-based prediction scores from haematological parameters recorded in different hospitals of Brazil, Italy, and Western Europe (raw sample size, 195554). The XGBoost classifier performed consistently better (out of seven ML classifiers) on all the datasets. The working models include a set of either four or fourteen haematological parameters. The internal performances of the XGBoost models (AUC scores range from 84% to 97%) were superior to ML models reported in the literature for some of these datasets (AUC scores range from 84% to 87%). The meta-validation on the external performances revealed the reliability of the performance (AUC score 86%) along with good accuracy of the probabilistic prediction (Brier score 14%), particularly when the model was trained and tested on fourteen haematological parameters from the same country (Brazil). The external performance was reduced when the model was trained on datasets from Italy and tested on Brazil (AUC score 69%) and Western Europe (AUC score 65%); presumably affected by factors, like, ethnicity, phenotype, immunity, reference ranges, across the populations. The state-of-the-art in the present study is the development of a COVID-19 prediction tool that is reliable and parsimonious, using a fewer number of hematological features, in comparison to the earlier study with meta-validation, based on sufficient sample size (n = 195554). Thus, current models can be applied at other demographic locations, preferably, with prior training of the model on the same population. Availability: https://covipred.bits-hyderabad.ac.in/home; https://github.com/debashreebanerjee/CoviPred.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Aprendizado de Máquina , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/sangue , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Itália/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
11.
Environ Monit Assess ; 197(3): 250, 2025 Feb 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39909946

RESUMO

This study evaluated concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs)-As, Sb, Co, Cr, Zn, U, and Th-in sediment cores from the Jundiai and Taiaçupeba reservoirs in the Upper Tiete Water Basin, Sao Paulo, Brazil. These reservoirs are vital for supplying water to the São Paulo metropolitan area but face risks from agricultural and industrial activities. The research aimed to determine whether PTE enrichment in sediments is due to natural or anthropogenic factors, assess the influence of sediment geochemistry and grain size, and evaluate risks to public health and biota. Granulometric analysis and enrichment factors were used to interpret the results, with As, Cr, and Zn compared to sediment quality guidelines. Significant Zn contamination was found in the Taiaçupeba reservoir, exceeding the Probable Effects Level (PEL), suggesting mining-related contamination. This highlights the need for further research on Zn's spatial distribution, ecological risks, and bioavailability in the Taiaçupeba reservoir. Conversely, Sb, Co, Cr, U, and Th were linked to natural processes. Arsenic showed a local geologic anomaly in both reservoirs. This research emphasizes the importance of geochemistry as a critical tool for interpreting PTEs in trace element environmental monitoring. Geochemical parameters, including Hf, Ta, Sc, and K, and rare earth elements, were essential for understanding sedimentary dynamics and anthropogenic impacts. This approach enhances the effectiveness of PTE impact assessments and can be applied to other dam reservoirs worldwide.


Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Sedimentos Geológicos , Rios , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Brasil , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Rios/química , Arsênio/análise , Oligoelementos/análise
12.
PeerJ ; 13: e18528, 2025.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39897499

RESUMO

We describe a new species of Leptophis (parrot snake) from the Cerrado ecoregion of Brazil. The new species, L. mystacinus sp. nov., differs from all other congeners in the following unique character combination: two Spectrum Green (129) to Light Parrot Green (133) dorsolateral stripes separated by a Buff (5) vertebral stripe, usually continuous onto the tail; loreal scale absent; postocular stripe Jet Black (300), wide and long (up 11 scales long onto nuchal region); maxillary teeth 21-25; ventrals 158-173; subcaudals 141-164; black spots on head absent; supracephalic plates of head not edged with black pigment; adult color pattern lacking dark oblique bands; keels absent on first dorsal scale rows; hemipenis unilobed, noncapitate, with undivided sulcus spermaticus, and first row of hemipenial body with four spines. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S mtDNA sequences indicate the new species is the sister taxon of L. dibernardoi, a species occurring in the neighboring Caatinga ecoregion.


Assuntos
Colubridae , Filogenia , Animais , Brasil , Colubridae/classificação , Colubridae/genética , Colubridae/anatomia & histologia , Masculino , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Feminino
13.
Environ Monit Assess ; 197(3): 231, 2025 Feb 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39900854

RESUMO

Water systems globally are declining in water quality, largely due to anthropogenic activities, with freshwater contamination reaching unprecedented levels. The Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA), holding 13.56% of the world's fresh water, is affected due to the lack of basic sanitation. This study assesses the quality of the Lontra River, in southeastern BLA, by monitoring physicochemical and microbiological parameters and detecting DEC E. coli and Salmonella spp. over 16 months, following current regulations. The data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact test (p ≤ 0.05), Kruskal-Wallis test (p ≤ 0.05), with Tukey post hoc (α = 0.05), and Spearman's correlation (p ≤ 0.05). Results showed pH levels were below the optimal range established by Brazilian water quality indices and legislation, with seasonal variations, and dissolved oxygen also below acceptable limits. Thermotolerant coliforms (TtC) exceeded thresholds, signaling microbiological contamination. DEC E. coli and Salmonella spp. were detected in 32.14% and 67.85% of samples, respectively, even in those with low TtC levels. No correlation was found between TtC and pathogen presence, suggesting that meeting minimum water quality standards does not guarantee the absence of pathogenic microorganisms. These findings reveal significant environmental and public health risks related to surface water quality in the Lontra River. Also highlight discrepancies between regulatory water quality standards and the actual conditions observed, underscoring the need for regionally adapted water monitoring and management practices to protect both environmental and public health in the BLA.


Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Escherichia coli , Rios , Salmonella , Saneamento , Microbiologia da Água , Brasil , Rios/microbiologia , Rios/química , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Qualidade da Água , Poluição da Água/estatística & dados numéricos , Poluição da Água/análise
14.
Clin Epigenetics ; 17(1): 17, 2025 Feb 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39910411

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Age-related changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) play a critical role in regulating gene expression. However, most epigenome-wide association studies have predominantly focused on individuals of European descent. This study aims to characterize longitudinal changes in DNAm patterns in a cohort of elderly Brazilian participants. METHODS: DNAm profiles were collected approximately nine years apart from 23 elderly Brazilian individuals using the Illumina Infinium MethyationEPIC BeadChip. Using mixed-effects models, we examined changes in DNAm patterns using both quantitative age and binary timepoint (e.g., baseline vs. follow-up) as predictors of interest to identify differentially methylated positions (DMPs). Significant DMPs were compared with a list of previously identified age-related DMPs. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were also identified using DMRcate. Gene ontology (GO) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to explore the functional significance of identified DMPs and DMRs. RESULTS: Of the 586,229 autosomal probes included in the differential methylation analyses, 2768 significant (FDR < 0.05) age-associated DMPs (aDMPs) and 2757 significant (FDR < 0.05) timepoint-associated DMPs (tpDMPs) were identified. Of the 2768 aDMPs, 1471 were replicated from previous studies. Of the 1297 non-replicated CpGs, 77.4% were exclusive to the EPIC array. The DMR analyses identified 305 age-associated DMRs (aDMRs) and 372 timepoint-associated DMRs (tpDMRs). Both aDMPs and aDMRs exhibited age-related hypermethylation within CpG islands and promoter regions of the genome, whereas hypomethylation predominantly occurred in interCGI and intergenic regions and introns. The GO enrichment analyses identified several neurological and cognition-related pathways enriched for hypermethylated CpG islands, many of which were mapped near transcription start sites and first exon regions. CONCLUSIONS: This longitudinal study identified age-associated and timepoint-associated DMPs and DMRs in a sample of elderly Brazilians. Most of the non-replicated CpGs were found to be on the new EPIC array, suggesting that more age-related studies using the EPIC array are required to validate these CpGs. The GO pathway enrichment analyses identified age-related enrichment of several gene sets related to cognitive and physical decline in elderly populations. The enrichment of these sites could provide evidence for age-related neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in elderly populations.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Metilação de DNA , Humanos , Metilação de DNA/genética , Idoso , Brasil , Feminino , Masculino , Envelhecimento/genética , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ilhas de CpG/genética , Epigênese Genética/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/métodos , Estudos Longitudinais , População da América do Sul
15.
JCO Glob Oncol ; 11: e2400271, 2025 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39913877

RESUMO

PURPOSE: We investigated the impact of the funding source (public v private) on the overall survival (OS) of men with prostate cancer in Brazil. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients with prostate cancer from a large hospital registry from the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Patients age 50-99 years diagnosed with prostate acinar adenocarcinoma or adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS) between January 2014 and December 2017 were eligible. Demographic and clinical features were analyzed alongside the funding source. On the basis of clinical characteristics at diagnosis (lymph node status, distant metastasis, prostate-specific antigen [PSA], and Gleason score), patients were categorized into low-risk, intermediate-risk, high-risk, and metastatic groups. RESULTS: Of 25,009 patients analyzed, 85% had a public funding source. These patients were slightly older, had greater proportion of adenocarcinoma NOS, and higher PSA levels and risk category. There was a significant difference in OS favoring patients with a private funding source (P < .0001). The estimated OS rates at 5 years were 76.2% (95% CI, 75.6 to 76.9) and 86.9% (95% CI, 85 to 88.7) for the public and private groups, respectively (P < .0001). The funding source was significantly associated with OS independent of age, educational level, and receipt of any treatment in the intermediate-risk (hazard ratio [HR], 2.28 [95% CI, 1.58 to 3.30]; P < .001) and high-risk (HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.02 to 1.80]; P = .04) groups, but not in the low-risk (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.60 to 1.21]; P = .38) or metastatic groups (HR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.64 to 1.11]; P = .23). CONCLUSION: The worse OS observed for patients with prostate cancer with a public source of funding underscores the need for actions directed to improve the standards of public health care in Brazil.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Próstata , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Próstata/economia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/terapia , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bases de Dados Factuais , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Taxa de Sobrevida
16.
Int J Psychol ; 60(2): e70019, 2025 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39915088

RESUMO

This study examines the mathematics self-efficacy of 833 high school students from four Brazilian public schools. Using an exploratory cross-sectional design with a mixed-methods approach, students completed online instruments including a sociodemographic questionnaire, scales measuring various self-efficacy domains (mathematics, self-regulated learning, social and emotional) and open-ended questions about their perceived attributes in learning mathematics. Multiple regression analysis revealed that student characteristics and self-efficacy domains collectively explained 47.4% of the variance in mathematics self-efficacy. Qualitative analysis revealed the complex nature of mathematics self-efficacy, emphasising students' perceptions of their strengths and weaknesses in learning. The study underscores the significant influence of student characteristics and self-efficacy domains, highlighting the importance of mixed-methods approaches for deeper insights and guiding future educational interventions.


Assuntos
Matemática , Autoeficácia , Estudantes , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Brasil , Feminino , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Matemática/educação , Instituições Acadêmicas , Inquéritos e Questionários
17.
J Food Sci ; 90(2): e70006, 2025 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39915283

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of chocolate formulation (sweetener and color) on consumer sensory acceptance and emotional response across two consumer populations, Brazilian and Polish. White chocolate samples (n = 10) were formulated with differences in sweetener (sucrose, rebaudioside A) and color (red, blue, yellow, green). Along with a trained panel, consumers in Brazil (n = 120) and Poland (n = 120) evaluated chocolate samples for liking and associated emotions. Color was not found to influence sweetness or flavor perception, indicating the absence of cross-modal influence. However, the yellow-colored chocolate was liked less than the blue, green, or red chocolate. Emotions were a stronger driver of product liking in the Brazilian population compared to the Polish consumers. This research shows the influence of color on consumers perception, with implications of using natural colors in chocolate production and "yellowing" in white chocolate. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The recipe may be used in chocolate manufacturing to produce free-sugar chocolate targeted to consumers with health conditions, such as diabetes. Our research also gives the solution for practical application of natural dyes to white chocolate to cover the problematic "yellowing," which is considered defect of this product and results in the low consumer acceptance. The dyes that are suggested to add are of red, green, or blue color due to high acceptability of consumers from different countries.


Assuntos
Chocolate , Cor , Comportamento do Consumidor , Emoções , Preferências Alimentares , Edulcorantes , Paladar , Humanos , Chocolate/análise , Brasil , Polônia , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diterpenos do Tipo Caurano/análise , Sacarose , Adolescente , Percepção Gustatória
18.
Environ Monit Assess ; 197(3): 238, 2025 Feb 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39904920

RESUMO

Watersheds are highly complex aquatic systems crucial to human and ecological functions. Land cover impacts watersheds, and assessing the landscape structure and configuration is essential for effective management and planning, mainly when using indicators of anthropogenic disturbances such as distance to nature (D2N). This study aimed to assess the temporal change in land cover and anthropogenic influence in the Piracicaba Capivari Jundiaí Watershed (WPCJ) and the Sorocaba Médio Tietê Watershed (WSMT) in southeastern Brazil from 2010 to 2020, providing valuable information for decision-making. In both watersheds, agricultural activities predominated, covering more than 60% of the area, with forestry being dominant in 2010 and sugarcane in 2020. However, forest areas have increased in both study regions. The D2N analysis indicated a predominance of urbanized or intensively cultivated landscapes (> 60%). There was an improvement in 2020 compared to 2010, attributed to increased natural areas. Regarding the temporal change in D2N, more areas transitioned toward artificial rather than natural states in both WPCJ and WSMT, although a considerable portion remained unchanged (> 75%). This analysis is one of the few that applies D2N to watershed assessment. We emphasize the need for continued planning and conservation efforts in the WPCJ and WSMT and the potential for using this approach to assess anthropogenic influence in other watersheds.


Assuntos
Agricultura , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Monitoramento Ambiental , Brasil , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Efeitos Antropogênicos , Agricultura Florestal , Rios/química , Florestas
19.
Am J Hum Biol ; 37(2): e70004, 2025 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39905640

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Interpersonal violence against women is a major global health problem that may have intergenerational effects. This study investigated associations between maternal experiences of interpersonal violence and other traumatic events and maternal and infant salivary diurnal cortisol in a cohort of adolescent mothers in São Paulo, Brazil. METHOD: Adolescent mothers (14-19 years) participating in a home-visiting intervention were interviewed retrospectively about lifetime and pregnancy violence and trauma exposure. Mothers collected saliva at waking and before bedtime from themselves (n = 23) and their infants (n = 32) at 12 months postpartum. Multivariable regression models were used to examine associations between trauma history variables and salivary diurnal cortisol. RESULTS: Adjusting for the intervention group, infant sex, maternal age, non-supplement medication use, and sample collection time, we found that higher-than-average lifetime trauma exposure was associated with maternal evening cortisol (b = 0.472, p-value = 0.028). Lifetime assaultive violence exposure was also associated with maternal evening cortisol (b = 0.196, p-value = 0.02). Maternal exposure to traumatic events in pregnancy was positively associated with bedtime cortisol levels of infants (b = 0.21, p = 0.01). Trauma variables were not associated with maternal or infant morning cortisol levels. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that maternal trauma history influences both maternal and infant postnatal cortisol regulation as indexed by evening cortisol levels. These results are consistent with models of fetal programming; however, future studies should investigate potential postnatal psychobiological pathways. Lifetime trauma exposure may also become embedded in the maternal hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary axis regulation. Future studies are needed to consider other biological pathways in the intergenerational transmission of trauma.


Assuntos
Hidrocortisona , Saliva , Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Saliva/química , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/análise , Brasil , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Lactente , Mães/psicologia , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Gravidez na Adolescência/estatística & dados numéricos , Gravidez na Adolescência/psicologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia
20.
J Bras Nefrol ; 47(2): e20240133, 2025.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39907289

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Virtual reality (VR) has been used as an effective tool for improving patient adherence to intradialytic exercise programs. This study evaluated the perception and satisfaction of patients and healthcare professionals regarding an intradialytic VR exercise program. METHODS: The VR protocol included lower limb resistance and endurance training. Patients' perception and satisfaction, as well as the perception of healthcare professionals, were assessed using questionnaires. RESULTS: Of the 27 patients who participated in the exercise program, most evaluated the experience as very good and easy to perform. Of the 24 patients who completed the program, most described the experience as beneficial. Most of the healthcare professionals reported that the protocol did not affect their work routine. CONCLUSION: The intradialytic VR exercise program was well accepted by patients and healthcare professionals.


Assuntos
Satisfação do Paciente , Realidade Virtual , Humanos , Brasil , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Diálise Renal/psicologia , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Idoso , Inquéritos e Questionários
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