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Boletim epidemiológico que apresenta informações sobre os casos de HIV no estado de Goiás e tem como objetivo descrever o perfil epidemiológico, tendências da infecção na população adulta entre os anos 2020 a 2024 e fornecer subsídios para a tomada de decisão, medidas de vigilância, prevenção e controle da infecção pelo HIV em sua quinta década de epidemia. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, a partir dos dados obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM). Foram tabulados os dados: diagnosticados e notificados por HIV/Aids por município de residência
Epidemiological bulletin that presents information on HIV cases in the state of Goiás and aims to describe the epidemiological profile, infection trends in the adult population between the years 2020 and 2024 and provide support for decision-making, surveillance, prevention and control of HIV infection in its fifth decade of epidemic. This is a descriptive study, based on data obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and the Mortality Information System (SIM). The data were tabulated: diagnosed and reported by HIV/AIDS by municipality of residence
Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/mortalidadeRESUMO
A reabilitação de maxilas atróficas representa desafio complexo, levando à busca de abordagens inovadoras. Procedimentos convencionais, como levantamento de seio maxilar, têm limitações, impulsionando o interesse em implantes zigomáticos. Contudo, complicações persistem, especialmente em áreas de concavidade acentuada. Este relato de caso visa demonstrar a eficácia de uma abordagem cirúrgica inovadora, combinando implantes zigomáticos e transnasais, para superar as limitações anatômicas e alcançar resultados estéticos e funcionais satisfatórios. Paciente de 58 anos, sexo feminino, desdentada total, foi submetida à reabilitação no Instituto Rosenvaldo Moreira, devido à atrofia maxilar pronunciada. Foram propostos dois planos de tratamento, envolvendo implantes zigomáticos e transnasais. A cirurgia, realizada em ambiente ambulatorial sob sedação intravenosa e anestesia local, incluiu a instalação sequencial de implantes transnasais e zigomáticos, com especial atenção à usinagem do terço cervical para prevenir complicações. A abordagem cirúrgica empregada, combinando implantes zigomáticos e transnasais, revelou-se eficaz na reabilitação da maxila atrófica. A usinagem cuidadosa contribuiu para evitar complicações, evidenciando estabilidade e ausência de inflamações peri-implantares no acompanhamento de um ano. Este relato oferece uma contribuição valiosa, destacando a viabilidade e sucesso dessa abordagem inovadora em situações desafiadoras de atrofia maxilar na implantodontia.
The rehabilitation of atrophic jaws represents a complex challenge, leading to the search for innovative approaches. Conventional procedures, such as sinus lifts, have limitations, driving interest in zygomatic implants. However, complications persist, especially in areas of pronounced concavity. This case report aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of an innovative surgical approach, combining zygomatic and transnasal implants, to overcome anatomical limitations and achieve satisfactory aesthetic and functional results. A 58-year-old female patient, completely toothless, underwent rehabilitation at the Instituto Rosenvaldo Moreira, due to pronounced maxillary atrophy. Two treatment plans were proposed, involving zygomatic and transnasal implants. The surgery, performed in an outpatient setting under intravenous sedation and local anesthesia, included the sequential installation of transnasal and zygomatic implants, with special attention to machining the cervical third to prevent complications. The surgical approach used, combining zygomatic and transnasal implants, proved to be effective in the rehabilitation of the atrophic maxilla. Careful machining helped to avoid complications, demonstrating stability and absence of peri-implant inflammation in the one-year follow-up. This report offers a valuable contribution, highlighting the feasibility and success of this innovative approach in challenging situations of maxillary atrophy in implant dentistry.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reabilitação , Atrofia , Osseointegração , Resultado do Tratamento , MaxilaRESUMO
Este trabalho teve como o objetivo comparar dois Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos, descrever e analisar o desenvolvimento da visão humanística no curso de graduação em Odontologia da Universidade Federal Fluminense, a partir da ótica dos acadêmicos do referido curso. Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritivo-exploratória com enfoque quanti-qualitativo. A coleta de dados deu-se em 03 etapas, as duas primeiras por meio de categorização dos fatores selecionados pelos alunos e a terceira pelo método denominado grupo focal. As estratégias de análises utilizadas foram a categorização, operações estatísticas simples, análise temática e análise crítica com a literatura revisada. Entre os resultados da pesquisa têm-se: não existe diferença entre a visão humanística dos alunos no período inicial quando comparada com as dos alunos no final do período do ciclo profissional no Projeto Pedagógico Antigo, no Projeto Pedagógico Novo, em curso, os alunos demonstram em sua maioria estar voltados para uma visão mais humanística. Conclui-se que a humanização, do processo ensino-aprendizagem no contexto acadêmico pesquisado, apresenta ainda deficiências, constituindo-se, portanto, em um caminho a perseguir, onde o comprometimento de todos os envolvidos neste processo de transformação e formação tem um papel fundamental.
The aim of this paper was to compare two Pedagogical Political Projects, to describe and analyze the development of humanistic vision in the undergraduate course in Dentistry of the Federal University of Fluminense, from the perspective of the academics of this course. A descriptive-exploratory research with quantitative-qualitative approach was carried out. The data collection took place in 03 stages; the first two by categorizing the factors selected by the students and the third by the method called the focal group. The analysis strategies used were categorization, simple statistical operations, thematic analysis and critical analysis with the reviewed literature. The results of the research are: there is no difference between the humanistic view of the students in the initial period when compared to the students at the end of the professional cycle in the Pedagogical Project. In the New Pedagogical Project, in progress, students demonstrate, in majority, aimed at a more humanistic view. It is concluded that the humanization of the teaching-learning process in the researched academic context still presents deficiencies, constituting, therefore, a path to be pursued, where the commitment of all those involved in this process of transformation and formation plays a fundamental role.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudantes de Odontologia , Ensino , Educação em Odontologia , Humanização da Assistência , AprendizagemRESUMO
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar em tomografias computadorizadas as dimensões dos tecidos periodontais supracrestais (TPSC). Cem pacientes, 600 dentes anteriores da maxila (200 incisivos centrais, 200 incisivos laterais e 200 caninos), foram avaliados. A distância média da margem gengival até a crista óssea alveolar (COA) foi de 3.25mm (95% IC: 3.20-3.30), enquanto que da junção cemento-esmalte até a COA foi de 1.77mm (95% IC: 1.72-182mm). As medidas foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos de dentes (ANOVA, p < 0.001). A tomografia, pode representar uma importante ferramenta para a avaliação das dimensões dos TPSC.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dimensions of the supracrestal periodontal tissues (SPT) on tomographic scans. One hundred patients, 600 maxillary anterior teeth (200 central incisors, 200 lateral incisors and 200 canines), were evaluated. The average distance from the gingival margin to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) was 3.25mm (95% CI: 3.20-3.30), while the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to ABC was 1.77mm (95% CI: 1.72-182mm). The measurements were significantly different between the tooth groups (ANOVA, p < 0.001). When properly indicated, tomography can be an important tool for assessing the dimensions of TPSCs on a case-by-case basis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Tecidos , Periodonto , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , MaxilaRESUMO
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o dimorfismo sexual em uma coleção de mandíbulas portuguesas através de uma metodologia métrica digital, utilizando análise estatística descritiva, inferencial e multivariada para identificar quais parâmetros são mais dimórficos e quais são os melhores preditores de sexo. Trinta e três mandíbulas (14 mulheres e 19 homens) e pertences pessoais foram fotograficamente registrados com código e sexo. Os dados foram coletados por tomografia e as medidas foram feitas pelo software Simplant Pro. Foram registrados a largura máxima e mínima do ramo mandibular, altura condilar, altura do processo coronoide, altura da sínfise mandibular, ângulo mandibular, distâncias bimentual, biantegonial, bigonial e bicondilar e comprimento máximo mandibular. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando IBM® SPSS. Os resultados mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para os seguintes parâmetros: altura do processo coronoide, altura do côndilo, comprimento máximo da mandíbula e largura mínima do ramo mandibular. Na análise estatística multivariada foi possível identificar a altura do processo coronoide como melhor preditor de sexo com precisão em 72,2% dos casos. Isto permite uma diferenciação mais fácil entre mandíbulas femininas e masculinas com uma precisão de 64,3% e 78,9%, respectivamente. Foi possível concluir que a altura do processo coronoide é o parâmetro mais dimórfico e o melhor preditor de sexo na amostra.
This study aimed to assess sex dimorphism in a collection of Portuguese mandibles through a digital metric methodology by using descriptive, inferential, and multivariate statistical analysis to identify which parameters are the most dimorphic and which are the best sex predictors. Thirty-three mandibles (14 females and 19 males) and personal belongings were photographically registered with code and sex. Data was collected using tomography, and measurements were made using the Simplant Pro software. The maximum and minimum width of the mandibular ramus, condylar height, coronoid process height, mandibular symphysis height, mandibular angle, bi-mental, bi-antegonial, bi-gonial and bi-condylar distances, and maximal mandibular length were registered. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM® SPSS. The results showed statistically significant differences for the following parameters: coronoid process height, condyle height, the maximum length of the mandible, and the minimum width of the mandibular ramus. In the multivariate statistical analysis, it was possible to identify the coronoid process height as the best sex predictor accurately in 72.2% of cases. This allows for easier differentiation between female and male mandibles with an accuracy of 64.3% and 78.9%, respectively. It was possible to conclude that the coronoid process height is the most dimorphic parameter and the best sex predictor in the sample.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Caracteres Sexuais , Diagnóstico , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , MandíbulaRESUMO
Os defeitos de esmalte são alterações qualitativas ou quantitativas na estrutura dentária, que originam-se de fatores sistêmicos, locais ou genéticos. A hipoplasia de Turner é um defeito na espessura do esmalte localizado cuja etiologia decorre de um traumatismo ou infecção periapical presente no dente decíduo predecessor, afetando o desenvolvimento do dente permanente. O objetivo do presente estudo foi apresentar um caso clínico de paciente infantil com dente hipoplásico de Turner em pré-molar, que tornou-se não vital sem que houvesse lesão de cárie ou trauma adicional. Em razão das características clínicas e radiográficas do dente afetado, bem como do risco de cárie e do comportamento cooperador da paciente, optou-se pela reabilitação do elemento afetado por meio de tratamento endodôntico e de restauração semidireta em resina composta. Torna-se de fundamental importância o conhecimento da etiologia e a realização de um exame clínico e radiográfico minucioso visando ao diagnóstico precoce e à elaboração de um plano de tratamento adequado para todos os defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte, incluindo-se a hipoplasia de Turner, cujo tratamento dependerá da severidade da alteração, do comportamento do paciente e do risco de cárie. Sugere-se a realização de estudos que associem a microestrutura do esmalte hipoplásico com a ausência de vitalidade pulpar.
Enamel defects are qualitative or quantitative changes in the tooth structure originating from systemic, local, or genetic factors. Turner's hypoplasia is a defect in the thickness of the localized enamel whose etiology arises from trauma or periapical infection in the predecessor deciduous tooth, affecting the permanent tooth's development. The objective of the present study was to present a clinical case of a child patient with a hypoplastic Turner premolar tooth, which became non-vital without the occurrence of caries, or additional trauma. Due to the affected tooth's clinical and radiographic characteristics, the risk of cavities, and the patient's cooperative behavior, it was decided to rehabilitate the affected element through endodontic treatment and semidirect restoration in composite resin. It is of fundamental importance to know the etiology and carry out a thorough clinical and radiographic examination aiming at early diagnosis and the development of an adequate treatment plan for all enamel developmental defects, including Turner's hypoplasia, whose treatment will depend on the severity of the change, the patient's behavior and the risk of caries. Studies are suggested to be carried out that associate the microstructure of hypoplastic enamel with the absence of pulp vitality.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente , Reabilitação , Dente Pré-Molar , Assistência Odontológica , Hipoplasia do Esmalte DentárioRESUMO
Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y los estados de ánimo son indicadores cruciales del bienestar en adolescentes, pero su relación con estudiantes de Antioquia, Colombia, no ha sido ampliamente estudiada. Objetivo: Determinar la CVRS y los estados de ánimo en escolares de Antioquia-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con 1957 escolares de 9 a 20 años. Se aplicaron mediciones de CVRS, ansiedad, depresión, hostilidad y alegría, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario, apoyo social de padres y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: La calidad de vida alta (CVA) es más elevada en hombres, personas con alegría, estudiantes con apoyo de padres, activos físicamente y personas de nivel socioeconómico alto y medio. AL aumentar un año de edad, disminuye en un 15 % la CVA, y al aumentar la depresión, la ansiedad y el comportamiento sedentario disminuye la CVA. Además, los niveles de depresión y ansiedad son mayores en mujeres, estudiantes mayores, sin apoyo de los padres y personas sedentarias. Conclusiones: La CVRS se asocia con estados de ánimo, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y apoyo de los padres; mientras que los estados de ánimo se asocian con el sexo, el apoyo de los padres, la CVS y el sedentarismo.
Introduction: Even though health-related quality of life (HRQL) and mood states are key indicators of the well-being of adolescents, their relationship has not been analyzed in students from Antioquia, Colombia. Objective: To determine HRQL and mood states in schoolchildren from Antioquia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,957 schoolchildren and adolescents aged between 9 and 20 years. Measurements of HRQL, anxiety, depression, hostility and happiness, physical activity, sedentary behavior, parental social support, and socioeconomic status were applied. Results: A high quality of life (HQL) was observed more frequently in male participants, students with parental support, physically active, and those belonging to medium and high socioeconomic status. HQL decreased 15% as their age increased by one year. Also, HQL was reduced when depression, anxiety, and sedentary behavior increased. Furthermore, depression and anxiety levels were higher in women, older students, as well as in those without parental control and with sedentary behavior. Conclusions: HRQL is associated with mood states, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and parental support. In contrast, mood states are related to gender, parental support, HQL, and sedentary lifestyle.
Introdução: A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (CVRS) e os estados de humor são indicadores cruciais de bem-estar em adolescentes, mas sua relação com estudantes de Antioquia, Colômbia, não foi amplamente estudada. Objetivo: Determinar a CVRS e os estados de humor em escolares de Antioquia-Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal com 1.957 escolares de 9 a 20 anos. Foram aplicadas medidas de QVRS, ansiedade, depressão, hostilidade e felicidade, atividade física, comportamento sedentário, apoio social dos pais e nível socioeconômico. Resultados: A alta qualidade de vida (CVA) é maior em homens, pessoas com alegria, estudantes com apoio parental, fisicamente ativos e pessoas de nível socioeconômico alto e médio. À medida que a idade aumenta em um ano, diminui em 15% o CVA, e ao aumentar a depressão, a ansiedade e o comportamento sedentário aumentam, o CVA diminui. Além disso, os níveis de depressão e ansiedade são mais elevados nas mulheres, nos estudantes mais velhos, sem apoio dos pais e nas pessoas sedentárias. Conclusões: A QVRS está associada a estados de humor, atividade física, comportamento sedentário e apoio parental; enquanto os estados de humor estão associados ao sexo, apoio parental, CVS e estilo de vida sedentário.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Saúde , Emoções , Felicidade , HostilidadeRESUMO
Introducción: Las enfermedades cerebrovasculares son consideradas un problema de salud pública que afectan muchas capacidades en el individuo, entre ellas la comunicación; de esta manera el cuidador cumple un papel fundamental en su recuperación. Objetivo: Describir el rol comunicativo del cuidador en la atención a pacientes con secuelas de accidente cerebrovascular en la ciudad de Sincelejo, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Paradigma positivista, enfoque cuantitativo y estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado con 40 cuidadores, seleccionados según muestreo por criterios y reclutamiento en cadena. Se utilizó una encuesta sociodemográfica, una sobre favorecimiento y bienestar comunicativo y Escala Likert, se realizó análisis de fiabilidad y consistencia interna del instrumento. Resultados: Predominaron cuidadores de sexo femenino, sobresale el cuidador informal, con estudios de secundaria y estrato socioeconómico bajo. Se encontró una actitud favorable en la competencia del ser y saber hacer, prima el buen trato, justicia y respeto. La competencia del saber evidenció actitud desfavorable, caracterizada por un conocimiento limitado frente a la patología, insuficientes destrezas, técnicas y habilidades para cumplir sus funciones y estrategias empleadas. Conclusión: Es necesario cualificar al cuidador en la atención del paciente con accidente cerebrovascular, mediante programas de que dinamicen la competencia del ser, saber y saber hacer
Introduction: Cerebrovascular diseases are a public health problem affecting the different capabilities of patients, including communication. Thus, caregivers play a fundamental role in their recovery. Objective: To describe the communicative role of caregivers in the support of patients with stroke sequelae in the city of Sincelejo, Colombia. Materials and methods: A positivist paradigm, quantitative approach, and descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 40 caregivers, who were selected according to criteria sampling and chain recruitment. A sociodemographic survey about favorability and communicative well-being as well as the Likert Scale were applied. A reliability and internal consistency analysis was conducted. Results: The majority of caregivers were women. Informal caregivers, with high school education, and belonging to low socioeconomic status were also predominant. A positive attitude regarding competences such as being and knowing what to do; appropriate treatment of patients, with justice and respect, were observed as common features. The knowledge competence was considered unfavorable, which was characterized by limited understanding regarding pathology, strategies used, and insufficient skills, techniques, and abilities to fulfill their functions. Conclusions: Caregivers of stroke patients should be qualified through programs that improve the being, knowing, and knowing how to do competencies.
Introdução: As doenças cerebrovasculares são consideradas um problema de saúde pública que afeta diversas capacidades do indivíduo, incluindo a comunicação; desta forma, o cuidador desempenha um papel fundamental na sua recuperação. Objetivo: Descrever o papel comunicativo do cuidador no cuidado de pacientes com sequelas de acidente vascular cerebral na cidade de Sincelejo, Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Paradigma positivista, abordagem quantitativa e estudo transversal descritivo realizado com 40 cuidadores, selecionados segundo critérios de amostragem e recrutamento em cadeia. Foi utilizado um inquérito sociodemográfico, um de favorabilidade e bem-estar comunicativo e uma Escala Likert, foi realizada uma análise da fiabilidade e consistência interna do instrumento. Resultados: Predominaram cuidadores do sexo feminino, destacando-se os cuidadores informais, com escolaridade média e baixo nível socioeconômico. Encontrou-se na competição uma atitude favorável por ser e saber fazer, prevalecendo o bom tratamento, a justiça e o respeito. A competência conhecimento apresentou atitude desfavorável, caracterizada por conhecimento limitado sobre a patologia, habilidades, técnicas e habilidades insuficientes para cumprir suas funções e estratégias utilizadas. Conclusões: É necessário qualificar o cuidador no cuidado ao paciente com AVC, por meio de programas que potencializem a competência de ser, saber e saber fazer.
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Humanos , Masculino , FemininoRESUMO
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly detected malignancy in men worldwide. PCa is a slow-growing cancer with the absence of symptoms at early stages. The pathogenesis has not been entirely understood including the key risk factors related to PCa development like diet and microbiota derived metabolites. Microbiota may influence the host's immunological responses, inflammatory responses, and metabolic pathways, which may be crucial for the development and metastasis. Similarly, short-chain fatty acids, methylamines, hippurate, bile acids, and other metabolites generated by microbiota may have potential roles in cancer inflammation and progression of cancer. Most studies have focused on the role of metabolites and their pathways involved in chronic inflammation, tumor initiation, proliferation, and progression. In summary, the review discusses the role of microbiota and microbial-derived metabolite-built strategies in inflammation and progression of the PCa.
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Progressão da Doença , Inflamação , Neoplasias da Próstata , Humanos , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Masculino , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia , Microbiota , AnimaisRESUMO
Overuse injuries are common among competitive rhythmic gymnasts, with an estimated weekly prevalence of 37% and with the knees, lower back, and hip/groin as the most common injury locations. Reduced physical capacity (e.g., strength and flexibility) has been hypothesized to contribute to the high prevalence of overuse injuries. The primary objective of this trial was to assess if exercises targeting reduced physical capacity in the knees, lower back, and hip/groin reduce the prevalence of overuse injuries compared with usual training. Twenty-three rhythmic gymnastics clubs were cluster-randomized to an intervention group (IG: 12 clubs and 119 gymnasts) and a control group (CG: 11 clubs and 86 gymnasts). Included gymnasts had to be ≥ 12 years of age and training ≥ 3 days per week. The IG performed a targeted injury prevention program (IPP) during training/warm-up for 8 months (November 2022 to June 2023). The CG performed usual training. The prevalence of overuse injuries in the targeted locations was measured monthly in both groups using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H2). The response rate to OSTRC-H2 was 94%. There was no difference in the prevalence of overuse injuries in the targeted locations between the two groups; odds ratio = 0.86 (95% CI 0.32 to 2.29); p = 0.77 for intervention vs. control. The results suggest that a targeted IPP alone is not enough to prevent overuse injuries in the knees, lower back, and hip/groin among competitive rhythmic gymnasts. Other measures (e.g., load management and proper training planning) might be targeted in future studies. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05506579.
Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas , Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos , Ginástica , Humanos , Ginástica/lesões , Feminino , Masculino , Adolescente , Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos/prevenção & controle , Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos/epidemiologia , Traumatismos em Atletas/prevenção & controle , Traumatismos em Atletas/epidemiologia , Criança , Prevalência , Lesões nas Costas/prevenção & controle , Noruega , Lesões do Quadril/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Monogenic obesity, characterized by severe, early-onset obesity due to single-gene defects, often resists traditional weight management strategies. This report presents real-life experiences on the efficacy and safety of setmelanotide, an MC4R agonist, in 4 prepubertal children (ages 3-9) with LEPR and POMC deficiencies. Findings indicate that setmelanotide is effective at lower doses in our patients with POMC deficiency (0.3-0.5â mg/day) than the patients with LEPR deficiency (2.5â mg/day). Treatment was generally well-tolerated, with injection site reactions and hyperpigmentation as common side effects. As novel findings, gonadotropin-related effects such as hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis activation and testicular descent were observed in 2 patients. Growth deceleration was noted in 2 children, and recovery from central hypothyroidism in 1 patient with POMC deficiency. Overall, setmelanotide appears to be effective and well-tolerated in young children with monogenic obesity. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate the long-term effects of early intervention on growth and pubertal development.
Assuntos
Pró-Opiomelanocortina , alfa-MSH , Humanos , Criança , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Pró-Opiomelanocortina/genética , Pró-Opiomelanocortina/deficiência , Feminino , alfa-MSH/análogos & derivados , alfa-MSH/efeitos adversos , alfa-MSH/uso terapêutico , alfa-MSH/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Receptor Tipo 4 de Melanocortina/genética , Receptor Tipo 4 de Melanocortina/agonistas , Insuficiência Adrenal , ObesidadeRESUMO
The study objective was to investigate geographical variation of uncertainty stress and life stress among university students in China. Respondents comprised 11,954 students from 50 universities and 31 provinces in China's mainland. Respondents completed the extended version of Global Health Professional Student Survey (GHPSS) on Tobacco Control in China, which added additional health, mental stress, and behavioural items on original version, and regional variables were retrieved from the National Bureau of Statistics database. Both unadjusted and adjusted methods were used in the logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of high uncertainty stress was 19.60% (95% CI: 15.90%, 23.30%), while the prevalence of life stress was 8.60% (95% CI: 7.20%, 10.70%). The prevalence rates varied significantly across the 31 provinces. The random parameters for uncertainty stress and life stress were statistically significant at the 0.01 level, with values of 0.2593 and 0.3971, respectively. The geographical distribution revealed two high uncertainty stress zones between the east coast and the middle area, as well as in the west area from south to north. High life stress, on the other hand, was concentrated in the central area. Multilevel logistic regression showed province level per capita disposal income of households partly contributed to uncertainty stress (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.94) and life stress (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.89). These findings underscore the importance of environmental contribution to mental stress among university students. Given that college students' mental stress is high, there is a need for environmental measurements to prevent and address multiple perceived stress in students.
Assuntos
Estresse Psicológico , Estudantes , Humanos , China/epidemiologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/psicologia , Feminino , Masculino , Universidades , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Incerteza , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Prevalência , AdolescenteRESUMO
As a unique structured lipid, medium- and long-chain triacylglycerol (MLCT) is characterized by the combination of medium- and long-chain fatty acids in a single triacylglycerol molecule. In recent years, MLCT, as a nutritional lipid, has gradually emerged as a research hot topic in the fields of food science and nutrition. This paper innovatively provides a comprehensive review of the current application status and development prospects of MLCT in nutritional support. First, the basic principles defining characteristics and selection basis of both enteral and parenteral nutrition are analyzed, elucidating the differences between the two modalities in terms of nutrient delivery pathway, absorption mechanisms, and physiological effects. Subsequently, the natural sources and artificial synthetic pathways of MLCT along with its metabolic behavior in vivo are elaborated. On this basis, the latest research advancements in the application of MLCT in both nutritional models are reviewed, with a particular emphasis on current research hotspots. Finally, the challenges encountered in the practical application of MLCT are discussed, and the future trajectory of MLCT as a functional lipid is predicted. In particular, the innovative potential of MLCT in functional foods, food for special medical purposes, personalized nutrition, and other aspects is emphasized, which provides beneficial ideas and directions for further research and industrial applications of MLCT.
Assuntos
Triglicerídeos , Triglicerídeos/química , Humanos , Animais , Apoio Nutricional/métodos , Ácidos Graxos/química , Nutrição Parenteral/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The authors examined prospective associations between tobacco product use and mental health and substance use problems among U.S. adolescents and adults. METHODS: Covariate-adjusted models using discrete-time survival analysis of five annual waves (2013-2014 to 2018-2019) were used to examine the links between specific tobacco product use and mental health and substance use problems among adolescent and adult participants in the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study. The sample included up to 32,320 adults and 13,651 adolescents. RESULTS: Among adolescents, externalizing problems predicted cigarette, electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS), and hookah use. Sex-specific findings were found for female subjects (internalizing problems predicted cigarette, ENDS, and cigar use) and male subjects (externalizing problems predicted cigar and smokeless tobacco use). Among adults, cigarette use predicted internalizing and externalizing problems; ENDS use was associated bidirectionally with internalizing problems. Across age groups, use of each tobacco product predicted substance use problems, and substance use problems predicted ENDS use. CONCLUSIONS: Intervening when mental health problems are seen among adolescents may minimize tobacco uptake. Likewise, preventing tobacco use may curtail substance use problems, and treatment of substance use problems may reduce tobacco use. Findings highlight the critical need to incorporate the bidirectionality among mental health, tobacco use, and substance use into prevention and treatment efforts.
Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Adulto , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto Jovem , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Uso de Tabaco/epidemiologia , Uso de Tabaco/psicologia , Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Produtos do Tabaco/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Synapse elimination is an essential process in the healthy nervous system and is dysregulated in many neuropathologies. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms and under what conditions they occur remain unclear. MFG-E8 is a secreted glycoprotein well known to act as an opsonin, tagging stressed and dying cells for engulfment by phagocytes. Opsonization of cells and debris by MFG-E8 for microglial phagocytosis in the CNS is well established, and its role in astrocytic phagocytosis, and trogocytosis-like engulfment of synapses is beginning to be explored. However, MFG-E8's function in other tissues is highly diverse, and evidence suggests that its role in the nervous system and on synapse elimination in particular may be more complex and varied than opsonization. In this review, we outline the documented direct and indirect effects of MFG-E8 on synapse elimination, while also proposing potential roles to be explored further, in particular, cytoskeletal reorganization of neurites and glia leading to synapse elimination by various mechanisms. Finally, we demonstrate the need for several open questions to be answered-chiefly, under what conditions might MFG-E8-mediated synapse elimination occur in favor of other mechanisms, and when might its activity be dysregulated, increasing unwanted synapse elimination and neurotoxicity?
Assuntos
Antígenos de Superfície , Proteínas do Leite , Sinapses , Humanos , Sinapses/metabolismo , Animais , Antígenos de Superfície/metabolismo , Proteínas do Leite/metabolismo , Fagocitose/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Long-term evidence on maintenance doses of oral immunotherapy (OIT) for anaphylactic cow's milk allergy is insufficient. METHODS: We retrospectively compared the three-year safety, efficacy, and adherence between OIT with a maintenance dose of 200 mL of cow's milk (HOIT, 2009-2013) and 3 mL of cow's milk (LOIT, 2013-2019). Patients aged 6-18 years with a history of anaphylaxis reacting to ≤3 mL of cow's milk during oral food challenge (OFC) were included. Adverse symptoms, OFC negative rate after 2 weeks of avoidance, dropout rate, and immunological changes were compared. RESULTS: The median ages in the HOIT (n = 78) and LOIT (n = 99) groups were 8.1 and 7.8 years, with milk-specific IgE levels of 56.5 and 49.2 kUA/L, respectively. The percentages of doses triggering symptoms were 20.88%, 13.73%, and 7.31% in the HOIT group and 11.81%, 8.15%, and 6.30% in the LOIT group during years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. After 3 years, 29% of patients in the HOIT group passed the OFC with 200 mL, and 47%, 18%, and 5% of patients in the LOIT group passed the OFC with ≥25 mL, ≥50 mL, and 100 mL of cow's milk, respectively. After 3 years, the dropout rates were 24% and 11% in the HOIT and LOIT groups and milk-specific IgE levels decreased by 88% and 78% in the HOIT and LOIT groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: HOIT enables higher dose consumptions. LOIT might be safer and have higher adherence in patients with anaphylactic cow's milk allergy.
Assuntos
Anafilaxia , Dessensibilização Imunológica , Hipersensibilidade a Leite , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/terapia , Criança , Anafilaxia/imunologia , Anafilaxia/prevenção & controle , Anafilaxia/etiologia , Feminino , Dessensibilização Imunológica/métodos , Dessensibilização Imunológica/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Masculino , Adolescente , Administração Oral , Animais , Alérgenos/imunologia , Alérgenos/administração & dosagem , Leite/imunologia , Leite/efeitos adversos , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Bovinos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It is necessary to evaluate the parental ability to achieve nutritional adequacy while avoiding allergens for children with food allergies (FA), yet this area is currently understudies. Our study aimed to develop and validate the Parental Self-Efficacy Scale for Dietary Management of Children with Food Allergies (PSED-FA). METHODS: PSED-FA was developed through a literature review and semi-structured interviews refined by a panel of five allergists and five dietitians, and validated using responses from caregivers of children with FA. The construction of the tool involved exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis for model fit, and evaluation of internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed using the average variance extracted (AVE), maximum shared variance (MSV), and average shared variance (ASV). RESULTS: Participants included nine focus interview groups, with 114 individuals in the validation group. Egg whites (55.2%), tree nuts (35.2%), and peanuts (22.8%) were the most common allergens. The EFA identified three factors: preparing allergen-free meals, knowledge of nutrition management, and management of food restrictions. The goodness of fit of our model met all the criteria. The tool showed high internal consistency (overall Cronbach's alpha: 0.902) and met the criteria for both convergent (AVE >0.5) and divergent validity (AVE > MSV and ASV). CONCLUSION: This study validated a reliable and effective tool for assessing parental self-efficacy in managing the dietary needs of children with FA. This tool can aid health professionals in evaluating parental confidence and identifying areas for improving dietary management in children with FA.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade Alimentar , Pais , Autoeficácia , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/dietoterapia , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/psicologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pais/psicologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Inquéritos e Questionários , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto , Alérgenos/imunologia , AdolescenteRESUMO
Indigenous data sovereignty is of global concern. The power of data through its multitude of uses can cause harm to Indigenous Peoples, communities, organisations and Nations in Canada and globally. Indigenous research principles play a vital role in guiding researchers, scholars and policy makers in their careers and roles. We define data, data sovereignty principles, ways of practicing Indigenous research principles, and recommendations for applying and actioning Indigenous data sovereignty through culturally safe self-reflection, interpersonal and reciprocal relationships built upon respect, reciprocity, relevance, responsibility and accountability. Research should be co-developed, co-led, and co-disseminated in partnership with Indigenous Peoples, communities, organisations and/or nations to build capacity, support self-determination, and reduce harms produced through the analysis and dissemination of research findings. OCAP® (Ownership, Control, Access & Possession), OCAS (Ownership, Control, Access & Stewardship), Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit principles in conjunction the 4Rs (respect, relevance, reciprocity & responsibility) and cultural competency including self-examination of the 3Ps (power, privilege, and positionality) of researchers, scholars and policy makers can be challenging, but will amplify the voices and understandings of Indigenous research by implementing Indigenous data sovereignty in Canada.
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Povos Indígenas , Humanos , Canadá , Disseminação de InformaçãoRESUMO
Hip fractures commonly occur in older patients, with high levels of frailty and comorbidity. Many of these patients have limited mobility before their fracture, and even after surgery, their mobility may remain limited. It is therefore not surprising that they are at a high risk of developing pressure sores, particularly on their heels, and a variety of devices and interventions have been proposed to reduce this risk. Foam or air mattresses, designed to reduce contact pressure on the patient's whole body, are now routinely used in many healthcare systems. However, there is wide variation in their design. We developed the WHiTE 14;PRESSURE 3 trial to address the lack of evidence in this area. This is a three-arm multicentre randomized trial including health economic evaluation and recruiting patients from NHS hospitals in the UK. The trial compares standard strategies for the prevention of pressure sores with standard care plus a constant low-pressure device and with standard care plus a heel off-loading device. This annotation describes the development of this trial.
Assuntos
Fraturas do Quadril , Úlcera por Pressão , Humanos , Fraturas do Quadril/cirurgia , Fraturas do Quadril/prevenção & controle , Úlcera por Pressão/prevenção & controle , Úlcera por Pressão/etiologia , Idoso , Leitos , Feminino , Reino Unido , Masculino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
A 70-year-old woman was examined with a 10-day history of photopsia and floaters in her left eye. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25 in both eyes, with a normal intraocular pressure and some nuclear sclerosis. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealed a separated posterior vitreous, with a rolled internal limiting membrane flap and inner retinal dimples in the left eye. Optical coherence tomography angiography demonstrated reduced vessel density in both the superficial and deep capillary plexuses of the left fundus. Sixteen months earlier, she had received a single intravitreal Dexamethasone implant injection, due to inferotemporal branch retinal vein occlusion-related macular edema. A diagnosis of internal limiting membrane tear following an uneventful posterior vitreous detachment was reached and no treatment was recommended.