Fertility and mortality differentials among selected tribal population groups of north-western and eastern India.

ABSTRACT

Selection potential based on differential fertility and mortality has been computed for six tribal groups inhabiting different geo-climatic conditions, namely Sahariya, Mina and Bhil of the State of Rajasthan, north-western India, and Munda, Santal and Lodha of the State of West Bengal, eastern India. Irrespective of the methodology, the total index of selection was found to be highest among Lodhas (0.668), followed by Sahariyas (0.524), Santals (0.462), Bhils (0.386), Mundas (0.353) and Minas (0.334). Incidentally, Lodha and Sahariya are two of the seventy-four notified primitive tribal groups of India, and these two study populations show the highest index of total selection, mainly because of a higher embryonic and postnatal mortality. The relative contribution of the fertility component to the index of total selection is higher than the corresponding mortality component in all tribal groups. The analysis of postnatal mortality components indicates that childhood mortality constitutes the bulk of postnatal mortality, suggesting that children under 5 years need better health care in these tribal groups.

ABSTRACT

PIP Selection potential based on differential fertility and mortality has been computed for six tribal groups inhabiting different geoclimatic conditions; namely, the Sahariya, Mina, and Bhil tribes in Rajasthan, northwestern India, and the Munda, Santal, and Lodha tribes in West Bengal, eastern India. Irrespective of the methodology, the total index of selection was found to be highest among the Lodhas (0.668), followed by the Sahariyas (0.524), the Santals (0.462), the Bhils (0.386), the Mundas (0.353), and the Minas (0.334). Incidentally, the Lodhas and Sahariyas are two of the 74 notified primitive tribal groups of India, and these two study populations show the highest index of total selection, mainly because of a higher embryonic and postnatal mortality. The relative contribution of the fertility component to the index of total selection is higher than the corresponding mortality component in all tribal groups. The analysis of postnatal mortality components indicates that childhood mortality constitutes the bulk of postnatal mortality, suggesting that children under age 5 years need better health care in these tribal groups.