Entry of influenza virus into a glycosphingolipid-deficient mouse skin fibroblast cell line.

A glycosphingolipid (GSL)-deficient mouse skin fibroblast mutant cell line (GM95) was tested for its susceptibility to influenza virus infection and/or fusion. Octadecyl rhodamine labeled influenza virus fused at 37 degrees C and low pH with GM95 cells at similar rates and extents as with the parental cell lines which did bear glycosphingolipids. Influenza virus infected the GM95 cells at the same level as the parental cell lines. The infection and fusion was blocked when the cell lines were pre-treated with neuramindase. We conclude that influenza virus uses mainly sialoglycoproteins and that gangliosides are not essential for influenza virus fusion and infection.