Effects of hypo- or hyperosmotic stress on lipid synthesis and gluconeogenic activity in tissues of the crab Neohelice granulata.

ABSTRACT

The present study assesses the effects of osmotic stress on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activities and (14)C-total lipid synthesis from (14)C-glycine in the anterior and posterior gills, jaw muscle, and hepatopancreas of Neohelice granulata. In posterior gills, 24-h exposure to hyperosmotic stress increased PEPCK, FBPase and G6Pase activities. Increase in (14)C-lipid synthesis was associated to the decrease in PEPCK activity after 72-h exposure to hyperosmotic stress. Hypo-osmotic stress decreased PEPCK and G6Pase activities in posterior gills; however, (14)C-lipids increased after 72-h exposure to stress. In anterior gills, decreases in the G6Pase activity after 72-h of hyperosmotic stress and in (14)C-lipogenesis after 144-h were observed, while PEPCK activity increased after 144 h. Exposure to hypo-osmotic stress increased (14)C-lipid synthesis and PEPCK activity in anterior gills. Muscle G6Pase activity increased after 72-h exposure to hypo-osmotic stress; however, no significant change was observed in the lipogenesis. PEPCK decreased in muscle after 144-h exposure to hyperosmotic, coinciding with increased (14)C-lipid synthesis. In the hepatopancreas, a decrease in the (14)C-lipogenesis occurred after 24-h exposure to hyperosmotic stress, accompanied by increase in (14)C-lipid synthesis. Additionally, PEPCK activity returned to control levels. The hepatopancreatic lipogenesis from amino acids was not involved in the metabolic adjustment during hypo-osmotic stress. However, gluconeogenesis is one of the pathways involved in the adjustment of the intracellular concentration of nitrogenated compounds.