Human immunodeficiency virus-associated tuberculosis: update on prevention and treatment.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of opportunistic infection and mortality among HIV-infected persons. Screening for symptoms of TB in people with HIV infection, use of isoniazid preventive therapy for those with latent TB infection, earlier diagnosis and treatment of active TB disease, and early initiation of antiretroviral therapy are essential for controlling the spread of TB. Treatment of HIV-related TB is complicated by overlapping drug toxicities and drug-drug interactions between antiretroviral therapy and anti-TB therapy and risk for development of immune reconstitution inflammatory disease. This review provides an overview of the prevention and treatment of TB in HIV-infected persons.